14. If a club consists of eight members, how many different arrangements of president and vice-president are possible?
16. On an English test, Tito must write an essay for three of the five questions

Answer:

Here is the correct inequality:

D. y > (1/3)x - 2

Using Fermat's Little Theorem, 8398 mod 13 is 9.

Fermat's Little Theorem states that if p is a prime number and a is an integer not divisible by p, then a raised to the power of p-1 is congruent to 1 modulo p [tex](a^(^p^-^1^)[/tex] ≡ 1 mod p). In this case, 13 is a prime number and 8398 is not divisible by 13.

To apply Fermat's Little Theorem, we can find the remainder of 8398 divided by 12, which is one less than 13 (12 = 13 - 1). The remainder is 2. Then, we raise the base 8398 to the power of 2 and find the remainder when divided by 13.

[tex]8398^2[/tex] mod 13 = (8398 mod 13[tex])^2[/tex]mod 13 = [tex]9^2[/tex] mod 13 = 81 mod 13 = 9.

Therefore, 8398 mod 13 is 9.

Using Fermat's Little Theorem allows us to compute remainders efficiently without performing large exponentiations. It is a valuable tool in number theory and modular arithmetic.

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In the formulation of a mathematical model for an evaporator, the following are five key assumptions:

1. Constant volume and density of the system.

2. Evaporation takes place only from the surface of the liquid.

3. The transfer of heat takes place only through conduction.

4. The heat transfer coefficient does not change with time.

5. The properties of the liquid are constant throughout the system.

Derivation of the total mass balance equation:

The total mass balance equation relates the rate of mass flow of material entering a system to the rate of mass flow leaving the system.

It is given by:

Rate of Mass Flow In - Rate of Mass Flow Out = Rate of Accumulation

Assuming that the evaporator operates under steady-state conditions, the rate of accumulation of mass is zero.

Hence, the mass balance equation reduces to:

Rate of Mass Flow In = Rate of Mass Flow Out

Let's assume that the mass flow rate of the feed stream is represented by m1 and the mass flow rate of the product stream is represented by m₂.

Therefore, the mass balance equation for the evaporator becomes:

m₁ = m₂ + me

Where me is the mass of water that has been evaporated. This equation is useful in determining the amount of water evaporated from the system.

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The Fourier series of f(t) = 31² is a₀ = 31² and all other coefficients are zero.

For (i)[tex]2x^5[/tex] - 5x³ + 7: even, (ii) x³ + x⁴: odd.

The Fourier series of f(x) = x is Σ(bₙsin(nπx/L)), where b₁ = 4L/π.

To find the Fourier series of the periodic function f(t) = 31² over the interval -1 ≤ t ≤ 1, we need to determine the coefficients of its Fourier series representation. Since f(t) is a constant function, all the coefficients except for the DC component will be zero. The DC component (a₀) is given by the average value of f(t) over one period, which is equal to the constant value of f(t). In this case, a₀ = 31².

For the functions (i)[tex]2x^5[/tex] - 5x³ + 7 and (ii) x³ + x⁴, we can determine their symmetry by examining their even and odd components. A function is even if f(-x) = f(x) and odd if f(-x) = -f(x).

(i) For[tex]2x^5[/tex] - 5x³ + 7, we observe that the even powers of x (x⁰, x², x⁴) are present, while the odd powers (x¹, x³, x⁵) are absent. Thus, the function is even.

(ii) For x³ + x⁴, both even and odd powers of x are present. By testing f(-x), we find that f(-x) = -x³ + x⁴ = -(x³ - x⁴) = -f(x). Hence, the function is odd.

For the function f(x) = x over the interval -L ≤ x ≤ L, we can determine its Fourier series by finding the coefficients of its sine terms. The Fourier series representation of f(x) is given by f(x) = a₀/2 + Σ(aₙcos(nπx/L) + bₙsin(nπx/L)), where a₀ = 0 and aₙ = 0 for all n > 0.

Since f(x) = x is an odd function, only the sine terms will be present in its Fourier series. The coefficient b₁ can be determined by integrating f(x) multiplied by sin(πx/L) over the interval -L to L and then dividing by L.

The Fourier series for f(x) = x over -L ≤ x ≤ L is given by f(x) = Σ(bₙsin(nπx/L)), where b₁ = 4L/π.

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The annual growth rate of Internet users in Latin America during the period from 2009 to 2016, calculated using the geometric mean, is approximately 9.86%.

To calculate the annual growth rate using the geometric mean, we need to find the average growth rate per year over the given period.

First, we calculate the growth factor by dividing the final value (129.2 million) by the initial value (81.1 million):

Growth factor = Final value / Initial value

            = 129.2 million / 81.1 million

            ≈ 1.5937

Next, we need to find the number of years (n) between 2009 and 2016:

n = 2016 - 2009 + 1

 = 8

Now, we raise the growth factor to the power of (1/n) and subtract 1 to find the annual growth rate:

Annual growth rate = (Growth factor^(1/n)) - 1

                  = (1.5937^(1/8)) - 1

                  ≈ 0.0986

Finally, we convert the growth rate to a percentage by multiplying it by 100:

Mean annual growth rate % = 0.0986 * 100

                         ≈ 9.86%

Therefore, the annual growth rate of Internet users in Latin America during the given period is approximately 9.86%. This means that, on average, the number of Internet users in Latin America increased by 9.86% each year between 2009 and 2016.

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This shows that cx is also a vector in U since it satisfies the equation Ax = Bx.

To show that U = {x in R^n | Ax = Bx} is a subspace of R^n, we need to demonstrate that it satisfies three conditions:

U is non-empty: Since A and B are matrices, there will always be at least one vector x that satisfies Ax = Bx, namely the zero vector.

U is closed under vector addition: Let x1 and x2 be any two vectors in U. We want to show that their sum, x1 + x2, is also in U.

From the definition of U, we have Ax1 = Bx1 and Ax2 = Bx2. Now, consider the sum of these two equations:

Ax1 + Ax2 = Bx1 + Bx2

Factoring out x1 and x2 on the left side gives:

A(x1 + x2) = B(x1 + x2)

This shows that x1 + x2 is also a vector in U since it satisfies the equation Ax = Bx.

U is closed under scalar multiplication: Let x be any vector in U, and let c be any scalar. We want to show that the scalar multiple cx is also in U.

From the definition of U, we have Ax = Bx. Now, consider the equation:

A(cx) = B(cx)

Using the properties of matrix multiplication and scalar multiplication, we can rewrite this as:

(cA)x = (cB)x

Since U satisfies all three conditions, it is a subspace of R^n.

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The maximum height the pole-vaulter can clear is approximately 4.06 meters.

To find the maximum height the pole-vaulter can clear, we can use the principle of conservation of mechanical energy. At the takeoff point, the vaulter possesses only kinetic energy, which can be converted into potential energy at the maximum height.

The formula for gravitational potential energy is:

Potential energy =[tex]mass \times gravitational acceleration \times height[/tex]

Since the vaulter's mass is not given, we can assume it cancels out when comparing different heights. Thus, we only need to consider the change in height.

Using the conservation of mechanical energy:

Kinetic energy at takeoff = Potential energy at maximum height

[tex](1/2) \times mass \times velocity^2 = mass \times gravitational acceleration \times height[/tex]

We can cancel out the mass and rearrange the equation to solve for height:

height = [tex](velocity^2) / (2 \times gravitational acceleration)[/tex]

Substituting the given values:

height = [tex](9.15^2) / (2 \times 9.8[/tex]) ≈ 4.06 meters

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The solutions to the ratio problems are as follows:

1. Ratio of nonfiction to fiction 1:2

2. Number of hours rested is 175

3. Ratio of pants to shirts is 3:5

4. The ratio of medium to large shirts is 7:3

We can determine the ratio by expressing the figures as numerator and denominator and dividing them with a common factor until no more division is possible.

In the first instance, we are told to find the ratio between nonfiction and fiction will be 2500/5000. When these are divided by 5, the remaining figure would be 1/2. So, the ratio is 1:2.

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(e) The overall solution is given by the equation x(t) =  C1t^3 + C2/t^3,, where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants.

(a) The Wronskian of x(1) and x(2) is given by:

W = | x1(t) x2(t) |

| x1'(t) x2'(t) |

Let's evaluate the Wronskian of x(1) and x(2) using the given formula:

W = | t 2t^2 | - | 4t t^2 |

| 1 2t | | 2 2t |

Simplifying the determinant:

W = (t)(2t^2) - (4t)(1)

= 2t^3 - 4t

= 2t(t^2 - 2)

(b) For x(1) and x(2) to be linearly independent, the Wronskian W should be non-zero. Since W = 2t(t^2 - 2), the Wronskian is zero when t = 0, t = -√2, and t = √2. For all other values of t, the Wronskian is non-zero. Therefore, x(1) and x(2) are linearly independent in the intervals (-∞, -√2), (-√2, 0), (0, √2), and (√2, +∞).

(c) Since x(1) and x(2) are linearly dependent for the values t = 0, t = -√2, and t = √2, it implies that the coefficients in the system of homogeneous differential equations satisfied by x(1) and x(2) are not all zero. At least one of the coefficients must be non-zero.

(d) The system of equations x': = 9t^2x is already given.

(e) The general solution of the differential equation x' = 9t^2x can be found by solving the characteristic equation. The characteristic equation is r^2 = 9t^2, which has roots r = ±3t. Therefore, the general solution is:

x(t) = C1t^3 + C2/t^3,

where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants.

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The present value of the annuity is $4,813.52.

To calculate the present value of the annuity, we can use the formula for the present value of an increasing annuity:

PV = C * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / (r - g)

Where:

PV = Present Value

C = Payment amount at time t=1

r = Interest rate

n = Number of payments

g = Growth rate of payments

In this case:

C = $300

r = 8% or 0.08

n = Number of payments = Last payment amount - First payment amount / Growth rate + 1 = ($1000 - $300) / $50 + 1 = 14

g = Growth rate of payments = $50

Plugging in these values into the formula, we get:

PV = $300 * (1 - (1 + 0.08)^(-14)) / (0.08 - 0.05) = $4,813.52

Therefore, the present value of this annuity is $4,813.52. This means that if we were to invest $4,813.52 today at an interest rate of 8%, it would grow to match the future cash flows of the annuity.

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g is both injective and surjective, i.e., g is bijective.

Given the function f: R → R, we define g(x) = 1/3(f(x) + 4).

Injectivity:

If f is injective, then for every x, y in R, f(x) = f(y) implies x = y.

If g(x) = g(y), then f(x) + 4 = 3g(x) = 3g(y) = f(y) + 4.

Hence, f(x) = f(y), which implies x = y.

So, g(x) = g(y) implies x = y. Therefore, g is injective.

Surjectivity:

If f is surjective, then for every y in R, there is an x in R such that f(x) = y.

For any z ∈ R, g(x) = z can be written as 1/3(f(x) + 4) = z ⇒ f(x) = 3z - 4.

Since f is surjective, there exists an x in R such that f(x) = 3z - 4.

Therefore, g(x) = z. Hence, g is surjective.

Therefore, g is bijective since it is both injective and surjective.

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The second derivative d²y/dx² in terms of t is -4 / (27t).

To find the second derivative of y with respect to x, we need to find dy/dx first, and then differentiate it again.

Given the parametric equations:

x = 3√t - 6

y = t + 1

To find dy/dx, we can differentiate y with respect to t and divide it by dx/dt:

dy/dt = 1

dx/dt = (3/2)√t

Now, we can find dy/dx:

dy/dx = (dy/dt) / (dx/dt)

= 1 / ((3/2)√t)

= 2 / (3√t)

To find the second derivative d²y/dx², we differentiate dy/dx with respect to t and divide it by dx/dt:

(d²y/dx²) = d/dt(dy/dx) / dx/dt

Differentiating dy/dx with respect to t:

d/dt(dy/dx) = d/dt(2 / (3√t))

= -2 / (9t√t)

Dividing it by dx/dt:

(d²y/dx²) = (-2 / (9t√t)) / ((3/2)√t)

= -4 / (27t)

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There exist A, B ∈ Z that satisfy the equation A² + B² = 2(a² + b²).

To prove the statement using complex numbers, let's start by representing the integers a and b as complex numbers:

a = a + 0i

b = b + 0i

Now, we can rewrite the equation a² + b² = 2(a² + b²) in terms of complex numbers:

(a + 0i)² + (b + 0i)² = 2((a + 0i)² + (b + 0i)²)

Expanding the complex squares, we get:

(a² + 2ai + (0i)²) + (b² + 2bi + (0i)²) = 2((a² + 2ai + (0i)²) + (b² + 2bi + (0i)²))

Simplifying, we have:

a² + 2ai - b² - 2bi = 2a² + 4ai - 2b² - 4bi

Grouping the real and imaginary terms separately, we get:

(a² - b²) + (2ai - 2bi) = 2(a² - b²) + 4(ai - bi)

Now, let's choose A and B such that their real and imaginary parts match the corresponding sides of the equation:

A = a² - b²

B = 2(a - b)

Substituting these values back into the equation, we have:

A + Bi = 2A + 4Bi

Equating the real and imaginary parts, we get:

A = 2A

B = 4B

Since A and B are integers, we can see that A = 0 and B = 0 satisfy the equations. Therefore, there exist A, B ∈ Z that satisfy the equation A² + B² = 2(a² + b²).

This completes the proof.

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Answer:

-6x² + 6 - 2x = x

-6x² - 3x + 6 = 0

2x² + x - 2 = 0

x = (-1 + √(1² - 4(2)(-2)))/(2×2)

= (-1 + √17)/4

The exact value of tan(θ/2) given sinθ = -24/25 and 180° < θ < 270° is ±(4/3). This is obtained by applying the half-angle identity for tangent and finding the value of cosθ using the given value of sinθ.

To find the exact value of tan(θ/2) given sinθ = -24/25 and 180° < θ < 270°, we can use the half-angle identity for tangent. The half-angle identity for tangent is: tan(θ/2) = ±√((1 - cosθ) / (1 + cosθ))

First, we need to find the value of cosθ using the given value of sinθ. Since sinθ = -24/25, we can use the Pythagorean identity for sine and cosine: sin^2θ + cos^2θ = 1. Substituting sinθ = -24/25, we have: (-24/25)^2 + cos^2θ = 1

Simplifying the equation, we get:

576/625 + cos^2θ = 1

cos^2θ = 1 - 576/625

cos^2θ = 49/625

cosθ = ±√(49/625) = ±7/25. Since 180° < θ < 270°, we know that cosθ is negative. Therefore, cosθ = -7/25.

Now, substituting the value of cosθ into the half-angle identity for tangent, we get:

tan(θ/2) = ±√((1 - cosθ) / (1 + cosθ))

tan(θ/2) = ±√((1 - (-7/25)) / (1 + (-7/25)))

tan(θ/2) = ±(4/3). Therefore, the exact value of tan(θ/2) given sinθ = -24/25 and 180° < θ < 270° is ±(4/3).

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The future value of the ordinary annuity is $122,304.74 and n is the number of compounding periods.

To find the future value of an ordinary annuity with a given payment and interest rate, we can use the formula:

where FV is the future value, PMT is the payment amount, r is the interest rate per compounding period.

Given:

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

Calculating this expression will give us the future value of the ordinary annuity.

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The second equation after eliminating the variable x is 0.5y + 3.5z = 11.5.

To solve the system of linear equations using Gaussian elimination, we'll perform row operations to eliminate variables one by one. Let's start with the given system of equations:

Eliminate x from equations 2 and 3:

To eliminate x, we'll multiply equation 1 by -1.5 and add it to equation 2. We'll also multiply equation 1 by -2 and add it to equation 3.

New equation 3: (4x - 2y + 3z) - 2 * (2x + y - z) = -9 - 2 * 1

Simplifying the equation 3: 4x - 2y + 3z - 4x - 2y + 2z = -9 - 2

Simplifying further: -0.5y - 3.5z = -11.5

So, the second equation after eliminating the variable x is 0.5y + 3.5z = 11.5.

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The inverse Laplace transform of -15/(s² + 9) is -15sin(3t),

and the inverse Laplace transform of 15/(s² - 9) is 15sinh(3t).

To solve the given initial value problem using the Laplace transform, we'll apply the Laplace transform to the differential equation and use the initial conditions to find the solution.

Taking the Laplace transform of the differential equation y⁴ - 81y = 0, we have:

s⁴Y(s) - s³y(0) - s²y'(0) - sy''(0) - y'''(0) - 81Y(s) = 0,

where Y(s) is the Laplace transform of y(t).

Substituting the initial conditions y(0) = 14, y'(0) = 27, y''(0) = 72, and y'''(0) = 135, we get:

s⁴Y(s) - 14s³ - 27s² - 72s - 135 - 81Y(s) = 0.

Rearranging the equation, we have:

Y(s) = (14s³ + 27s² + 72s + 135) / (s⁴ + 81).

Now, we need to find the inverse Laplace transform of Y(s) to obtain the solution y(t). This can be done by using partial fraction decomposition and consulting Laplace transform tables or using symbolic algebra software.

Please note that due to the complexity of the inverse Laplace transform, the solution for y(t) cannot be calculated without knowing the specific values of the partial fraction decomposition or using specialized software.

To find the inverse Laplace transform of Y(s), we can perform partial fraction decomposition.

The denominator s⁴ + 81 can be factored as (s² + 9)(s² - 9), which gives us:

Y(s) = (14s³ + 27s² + 72s + 135) / [(s² + 9)(s² - 9)].

We can write the right side of the equation as the sum of two fractions:

Y(s) = A/(s² + 9) + B/(s² - 9),

where A and B are constants that we need to determine.

To find A, we multiply both sides by (s² + 9) and then evaluate the equation at s = 0:

14s³ + 27s² + 72s + 135 = A(s² - 9) + B(s² + 9).

Plugging in s = 0, we get:

135 = -9A + 9B.

Similarly, to find B, we multiply both sides by (s² - 9) and evaluate the equation at s = 0:

14s³ + 27s² + 72s + 135 = A(s² - 9) + B(s² + 9).

Plugging in s = 0, we get:

135 = -9A + 9B.

We now have a system of two equations:

-9A + 9B = 135,

-9A + 9B = 135.

Solving this system of equations, we find A = -15 and B = 15.

Now, we can rewrite Y(s) as:

Y(s) = -15/(s² + 9) + 15/(s² - 9).

Using Laplace transform tables or software, we can find the inverse Laplace transform of each term.

Therefore, the solution y(t) is:

y(t) = -15sin(3t) + 15sinh(3t).

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The equation of the least-squares line that best fits the given data points is y = 2 + (2/3)x.

To find the equation of the least-squares line that best fits the given data points, we can use the method of least squares to minimize the sum of the squared differences between the actual y-values and the predicted y-values on the line.

Calculate the mean of the x-values and the mean of the y-values.

[tex]\bar x[/tex] = (0 + 1 + 2 + 3) / 4 = 1.5

[tex]\bar y[/tex]= (2 + 2 + 5 + 5) / 4 = 3.5

Calculate the deviations from the means for both x and y.

x₁ = 0 - 1.5 = -1.5

x₂ = 1 - 1.5 = -0.5

x₃ = 2 - 1.5 = 0.5

x₄ = 3 - 1.5 = 1.5

y₁ = 2 - 3.5 = -1.5

y₂ = 2 - 3.5 = -1.5

y₃ = 5 - 3.5 = 1.5

y₄ = 5 - 3.5 = 1.5

Calculate the sum of the products of the deviations from the means.

Σ(xᵢ * yᵢ) = (-1.5 * -1.5) + (-0.5 * -1.5) + (0.5 * 1.5) + (1.5 * 1.5) = 4

Calculate the sum of the squared deviations of x.

Σ(xᵢ²) = (-1.5)² + (-0.5)² + (0.5)² + (1.5)² = 6

Calculate the least-squares slope (B₁) using the formula:

B₁ = Σ(xᵢ * yᵢ) / Σ(xᵢ²) = 4 / 6 = 2/3

Calculate the y-intercept (Bo) using the formula:

Bo = [tex]\bar y[/tex] - B₁ * [tex]\bar x[/tex] = 3.5 - (2/3) * 1.5 = 2

Therefore, the equation of the least-squares line that best fits the given data points is y = 2 + (2/3)x.

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Jin's total assets are $8,794. Her liabilities are $6,292. Her net worth is $2,502.

To calculate Jin's net worth, we subtract her liabilities from her total assets.

Total Assets - Liabilities = Net Worth

Given:

Total Assets = $8,794

Liabilities = $6,292

Substituting the values, we have:

Net Worth = $8,794 - $6,292

Net Worth = $2,502

Therefore, Jin's net worth is $2,502.

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For distances less than 50 miles, Company B would be more cost-effective, while for distances greater than 50 miles, Company A would be the better choice.

To determine the number of miles at which the cost of renting a truck is the same at both companies, we need to find the point of equality between the total costs of Company A and Company B. Let's denote the number of miles driven by "m".

For Company A, the total cost can be expressed as C_A = 30 + 0.95m, where 30 is the rental fee and 0.95m represents the mileage charge.

For Company B, the total cost can be expressed as C_B = 45 + 0.65m, where 45 is the rental fee and 0.65m represents the mileage charge.

To find the point of equality, we set C_A equal to C_B and solve for "m":

30 + 0.95m = 45 + 0.65m

Subtracting 0.65m from both sides and rearranging the equation, we get:

0.3m = 15

Dividing both sides by 0.3, we find:

m = 50

Therefore, the cost of renting the truck is the same at both companies when Declan drives 50 miles.

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The area and the perimeter of the compound figure are 95 square units and 43 units, respectively.

In this question we must compute the area of a compound figure formed by four squares of different size. The area formula of a square are listed below:

A = l²

Where l is the side length of the square.

Now we proceed to determine the area of the compound figure by addition of areas:

A = 1² + 2² + 3² + 9²

A = 1 + 4 + 9 + 81

A = 14 + 81

A = 95

And the perimeter of the figure is equal to:

p = 3 · 3 + 4 · 1 + 6 + 3 · 9

p = 9 + 4 + 6 + 27

p = 16 + 27

p = 43

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This is the equation of the tangent line at t = -1 for the given parametric equation. It uses an independent variable known as a parameter and dependent variables that are defined as continuous functions of the parameter and independent of other variables.

To find the equation of a parabola with a given directrix and focus, we can use the standard form of the equation for a parabola:

1. The directrix is a vertical line, so the equation of the directrix can be written as x = -10.5.
The focus is given as (-9.5, 7).

The vertex of the parabola will lie halfway between the directrix and the focus, so the x-coordinate of the vertex is the average of -10.5 and -9.5, which is -10.
Since the parabola is symmetric with respect to its vertex, the y-coordinate of the vertex will be the same as the y-coordinate of the focus, which is 7.

Using the standard form of the equation for a parabola, we can write the equation as follows:

(x - h)^2 = 4p(y - k)

where (h, k) is the vertex and p is the distance between the vertex and the focus.

In this case, the vertex is (-10, 7) and the focus is (-9.5, 7), so p = 0.5.

Plugging in the values, we get:

(x - (-10))^2 = 4(0.5)(y - 7)

Simplifying, we have:

(x + 10)^2 = 2(y - 7)

This is the equation of the parabola.

2. To find the slope of the tangent line, we need to find the derivative of y with respect to x, dy/dx.

Using the chain rule, we have:

dy/dx = (dy/dt) / (dx/dt)

Differentiating the given parametric equations, we get:

dx/dt = 6
dy/dt = 4t^3

Plugging these values into the chain rule formula, we have:

dy/dx = (4t^3) / 6

Simplifying, we get:

dy/dx = (2/3)t^3

To find the slope of the tangent line at t = -1, we substitute t = -1 into the equation:

dy/dx = (2/3)(-1)^3
      = (2/3)(-1)
      = -2/3

So, the slope of the tangent line at t = -1 is -2/3.

To find the equation of the tangent line, we can use the point-slope form of the equation:

y - y1 = m(x - x1)

where (x1, y1) is a point on the line and m is the slope.

Since we are looking for the equation of the tangent line at t = -1, we can substitute t = -1 into the parametric equations to find the corresponding point on the curve:

x = 6t
x = 6(-1)
x = -6

y = t^4
y = (-1)^4
y = 1

Using the point (-6, 1) and the slope -2/3, we can write the equation of the tangent line as:

y - 1 = (-2/3)(x - (-6))

Simplifying, we have:

y - 1 = (-2/3)(x + 6)

This is the equation of the tangent line at t = -1 for the given parametric equation.

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The given system of differential equations is:

Jx' = Ax + By

y' = Cx + Dy

To find the solution to the given system of differential equations, let's first rewrite the system in matrix form:

Jx' = A*x + B*y

y' = C*x + D*y

where

J = [-67 -210]

A = [21 66]

B = [0]

C = [0]

D = [1]

Now, let's solve the system using the initial conditions. We'll differentiate both sides of the second equation with respect to t:

y' = C*x + D*y

y'' = C*x' + D*y'

Substituting the values of C, x', and y' from the first equation, we have:

y'' = 0*x + 1*y' = y'

Now, we have a second-order ordinary differential equation for y(t):

y'' - y' = 0

This is a homogeneous linear differential equation with constant coefficients. The characteristic equation is:

r^2 - r = 0

Factoring the equation, we have:

r(r - 1) = 0

So, the solutions for r are r = 0 and r = 1.

Therefore, the general solution for y(t) is:

y(t) = c1*e^0 + c2*e^t

y(t) = c1 + c2*e^t

Now, let's solve for c1 and c2 using the initial conditions:

At t = 0, y(0) = -5:

-5 = c1 + c2*e^0

-5 = c1 + c2

At t = 0, y'(0) = 17:

17 = c2*e^0

17 = c2

From the second equation, we find that c2 = 17. Substituting this into the first equation, we get:

-5 = c1 + 17

c1 = -22

So, the particular solution for y(t) is:

y(t) = -22 + 17*e^t

Now, let's solve for x(t) using the first equation:

Jx' = A*x + B*y

Substituting the values of J, A, B, and y(t), we have:

[-67 -210] * x' = [21 66] * x + [0] * (-22 + 17*e^t)

[-67 -210] * x' = [21 66] * x - [0]

[-67 -210] * x' = [21 66] * x

Now, let's solve this system of linear equations for x(t). However, we can see that the second equation is a multiple of the first equation, so it doesn't provide any new information. Therefore, we can ignore the second equation.

Simplifying the first equation, we have:

-67 * x' - 210 * x' = 21 * x

Combining like terms:

-277 * x' = 21 * x

Dividing both sides by -277:

x' = -21/277 * x

Integrating both sides with respect to t:

∫(1/x) dx = ∫(-21/277) dt

ln|x| = (-21/277) * t + C

Taking the exponential of both sides:

|x| = e^((-21/277) * t + C)

Since x can be positive or negative, we have two cases:

Case 1: x > 0

x = e^((-21/277) * t + C)

Case 2: x < 0

x = -e^((-21/277) * t + C)

Therefore, the solution to the

given system of differential equations is:

x(t) = C1 * e^((-21/277) * t) for x > 0

x(t) = -C2 * e^((-21/277) * t) for x < 0

y(t) = -22 + 17 * e^t

where C1 and C2 are constants determined by additional initial conditions or boundary conditions.

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a). Since both second partial derivatives are positive, we conclude that the critical points are minimum points.

In both b) and c), we have omitted the constant of integration, denoted by + C, which represents the family of antiderivatives.

a) To find the critical points of the function f(x, y) = 2x^2 + 2xyy + 2y^2 - 6x, we need to find the partial derivatives with respect to x and y and set them equal to zero.

Partial derivative with respect to x (df/dx):

df/dx = 4x + 2yy - 6

Partial derivative with respect to y (df/dy):

df/dy = 4y + 2xy

Setting df/dx = 0 and df/dy = 0, we have:

4x + 2yy - 6 = 0 ----(1)

4y + 2xy = 0 ----(2)

From equation (2), we can factor out 2y:

2y(2 + x) = 0

This gives us two possibilities:

y = 0

2 + x = 0, which means x = -2

Now we substitute these values of x and y into equation (1):

For y = 0:

4x - 6 = 0

4x = 6

x = 6/4

x = 3/2

For x = -2:

4(-2) + 2yy - 6 = 0

-8 + 2yy - 6 = 0

2yy = 14

yy = 7

y = ±√7

Therefore, the critical points are (3/2, 0) and (-2, ±√7).

To determine whether these points are minimum or maximum, we need to find the second partial derivatives and evaluate them at the critical points.

Second partial derivative with respect to x (d^2f/dx^2):

d^2f/dx^2 = 4

Second partial derivative with respect to y (d^2f/dy^2):

d^2f/dy^2 = 4

Since both second partial derivatives are positive, we conclude that the critical points are minimum points.

b) To find the critical points of the function f(x, y) = -2x^2 + 8x - 3y^2 + 24y + 7, we follow a similar process.

Partial derivative with respect to x (df/dx):

df/dx = -4x + 8

Partial derivative with respect to y (df/dy):

df/dy = -6y + 24

Setting df/dx = 0 and df/dy = 0, we have:

-4x + 8 = 0 ----(1)

-6y + 24 = 0 ----(2)

From equation (1), we can solve for x:

-4x = -8

x = 2

From equation (2), we can solve for y:

-6y = -24

y = 4

Therefore, the critical point is (2, 4).

To determine whether this point is a minimum or maximum, we again find the second partial derivatives:

Second partial derivative with respect to x (d^2f/dx^2):

d^2f/dx^2 = -4

Second partial derivative with respect to y (d^2f/dy^2):

d^2f/dy^2 = -6

Since both second partial derivatives are negative, we conclude that the critical point (2, 4) is a maximum point.

Integrals:

a) ∫(5x + 2) dx

To integrate this expression, we use the power rule of integration:

∫(5x + 2) dx = (5/2)x^2 + 2x + C

b) ∫x dx

Using the power rule of integration:

∫x dx = (1/2)x^2 + C

c) ∫2x dx

Using the power rule of integration:

∫2x dx = x^2 + C

The integration constant (+ C), which stands for the family of antiderivatives, has been left out of both b) and c).

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A. The numeral 481 in base five is written as 2011.

B. To convert the base-ten numeral 481 to base five, we need to divide it by powers of five and determine the corresponding digits in the base-five system.

Step 1: Divide 481 by 5 and note the quotient and remainder.

481 ÷ 5 = 96 with a remainder of 1. Write down the remainder, which is the least significant digit.

Step 2: Divide the quotient (96) obtained in the previous step by 5.

96 ÷ 5 = 19 with a remainder of 1. Write down this remainder.

Step 3: Divide the new quotient (19) by 5.

19 ÷ 5 = 3 with a remainder of 4. Write down this remainder.

Step 4: Divide the new quotient (3) by 5.

3 ÷ 5 = 0 with a remainder of 3. Write down this remainder.

Now, we have obtained the remainder in reverse order: 3141.

Hence, the numeral 481 in base five is represented as 113.

Note: The explanation assumes that the numeral in the indicated bases is meant to be the answer for part (a) only.

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The probability that all 4 oranges picked are not rotten is 0.857.

To calculate the probability, we need to consider the number of favorable outcomes (picking 4 non-rotten oranges) and the total number of possible outcomes (picking any 4 oranges).

The number of favorable outcomes can be calculated using the concept of combinations. Since the customer is picking at random, the order in which the oranges are picked does not matter. We can use the combination formula, nCr, to calculate the number of ways to choose 4 non-rotten oranges from the total number of non-rotten oranges in the crate. In this case, n is the number of non-rotten oranges and r is 4.

The total number of possible outcomes is the number of ways to choose 4 oranges from the total number of oranges in the crate. This can also be calculated using the combination formula, where n is the total number of oranges in the crate (including both rotten and non-rotten oranges) and r is 4.

By dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes, we can find the probability of picking 4 non-rotten oranges.

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The vector product (cross product) of M and N is -10j + 155k - 362j - 6k + 24i.

The vector product (cross product) of two vectors M and N is calculated using the determinant method. The cross product of M and N is denoted as M x N. To calculate M x N, we can use the following formula,

M x N = (2 * (-1) - (-4) * (-6))i + ((-4) * 61 - 31 * (-1))j + (31 * (-6) - 2 * 61)k

Simplifying the equation, we get,

M x N = -10j + 155k - 362j - 6k + 24i

Therefore, the vector product M x N is -10j + 155k - 362j - 6k + 24i.

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The output for t = 1.25 for the given differential equation 2y"(t) + 214y(t) = et + et with conditions is equal to y(1.25) = 0.

To solve the given differential equation 2y"(t) + 214y(t) = et + et, with initial conditions y(0) = 0 and y'(0) = 0,

find the particular solution and then apply the initial conditions to determine the specific solution.

The right-hand side of the equation consists of two terms, et and et.

Since they have the same form, assume a particular solution of the form yp(t) = At[tex]e^t[/tex], where A is a constant to be determined.

Now, let's find the first and second derivatives of yp(t),

yp'(t) = A([tex]e^t[/tex] + t[tex]e^t[/tex])

yp''(t) = A(2[tex]e^t[/tex] + 2t[tex]e^t[/tex])

Substituting these derivatives into the differential equation,

2(A(2[tex]e^t[/tex] + 2t[tex]e^t[/tex])) + 214(At[tex]e^t[/tex]) = et + et

Simplifying the equation,

4A[tex]e^t[/tex] + 4At[tex]e^t[/tex] + 214At[tex]e^t[/tex]= 2et

Now, equating the coefficients of et on both sides,

4A + 4At + 214At = 2t

Matching the coefficients of t on both sides,

4A + 4A + 214A = 0

Solving this equation, we find A = 0.

The particular solution is yp(t) = 0.

Now, the general solution is given by the sum of the particular solution and the complementary solution:

y(t) = yp(t) + y c(t)

Since yp(t) = 0, the general solution simplifies to,

y(t) = y c(t)

To find y c(t),

solve the homogeneous differential equation obtained by setting the right-hand side of the original equation to zero,

2y"(t) + 214y(t) = 0

The characteristic equation is obtained by assuming a solution of the form yc(t) = [tex]e^{(rt)[/tex]

2r² + 214 = 0

Solving this quadratic equation,

find two distinct complex roots: r₁ = i√107 and r₂ = -i√107.

The general solution of the homogeneous equation is then,

yc(t) = C₁[tex]e^{(i\sqrt{107t} )[/tex] + C₂e^(-i√107t)

Applying the initial conditions y(0) = 0 and y'(0) = 0:

y(0) = C₁ + C₂ = 0

y'(0) = C₁(i√107) - C₂(i√107) = 0

From the first equation, C₂ = -C₁.

Substituting this into the second equation, we get,

C₁(i√107) + C₁(i√107) = 0

2C₁(i√107) = 0

This implies C₁ = 0.

Therefore, the specific solution satisfying the initial conditions is y(t) = 0.

Now, to obtain the output for t = 1.25, we substitute t = 1.25 into the specific solution:

y(1.25) = 0

Hence, the output for t = 1.25 for the differential equation is y(1.25) = 0.

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