A business which exists in fact although not formally recognized is referred to as being de facto. The term "de facto" means "in fact" or "in practice" and refers to a situation where something is true or exists despite not being officially recognized or sanctioned.
In the context of business, a de facto company is one that is operating in reality but has not yet completed all the formal legal requirements to become a fully recognized and authorized entity. This might be because the owners have not yet filed the necessary paperwork with the government, or because they are still in the process of obtaining the necessary licenses and permits.
The distinction between a de facto and a de jure company is important because it affects the legal rights and obligations of the business and its owners. A de facto company may be able to conduct business and enter into contracts, but it may not have the same protections and benefits as a fully recognized de jure company.
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Explain he prudence convention applied in valuation of the inventory as required under MFRS 102, Inventories.
The prudence convention promotes cautious and conservative inventory valuation, ensuring it is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value for reliable financial reporting.
The prudence convention is an accounting principle that requires cautiousness and conservatism in financial reporting. It is applied in the valuation of inventory under MFRS 102 (Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards) to ensure that inventory is not overstated or overvalued.
According to MFRS 102, inventories should be stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost refers to the amount expended to acquire or produce the inventory, while net realizable value refers to the estimated selling price less any estimated costs to complete and sell the inventory.
The prudence convention ensures that inventory is not valued at an amount higher than its expected realization in the normal course of business. It aims to prevent the overstatement of assets and potential overvaluation of profits. By valuing inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value, it provides a conservative approach to financial reporting.
Under the prudence convention, if the net realizable value of inventory is lower than its cost, the inventory should be written down to the lower value. This anticipates any potential losses or declines in value that may occur in the future. It reflects a conservative estimation of the inventory's worth and helps provide a more realistic picture of the financial position and performance of a company.
Applying the prudence convention in inventory valuation ensures that financial statements provide reliable and accurate information to users. It helps to avoid potential overstatement of assets and profits, which could mislead stakeholders in making informed decisions.
Overall, the prudence convention promotes transparency and reliability in financial reporting by adopting a cautious and conservative approach to inventory valuation.
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Companies X and Z have the same beginning-of-the-year book value of equity and the same tax rate. The companies have identical transactions throughout the year and report all transactions similarly except for one. Both companies acquire a £300,000 printer with a three- year useful life and a salvage value of £0 on January 1 of the new year. Company X capitalizes the printer and depreciates it on a straight-line basis, and Company Z expenses the printer. The following year-end information is gathered for Company X. Company X As of December 31 £10,000,000 Ending shareholders' equity Tax rate Dividends 25% £0.00 Net income £750,000 Based on the information given, Company Z's return on equity using year-end equity will be closest to:
To calculate Company Z's return on equity (ROE) using year-end equity, we need to determine the net income and the equity at the end of the year for Company Z. Company Z's return on equity using year-end equity will be closest to 4.5%.
Given that Company X has an ending shareholders' equity of £10,000,000 and a net income of £750,000, we can assume that Company Z also has the same beginning-of-the-year book value of equity, the same tax rate, and identical transactions throughout the year, except for the treatment of the printer.
Since Company X capitalized and depreciated the printer over its useful life, it implies that the £300,000 cost of the printer was added to the asset value and depreciated over three years. This depreciation expense reduced the net income for Company X.
However, Company Z expensed the printer, meaning that the £300,000 cost of the printer was directly deducted from net income as an expense in the year of acquisition. As a result, Company Z's net income will be lower than that of Company X.
To calculate Company Z's net income, we need to subtract the £300,000 printer expense from Company X's net income:
Company Z's Net Income = Company X's Net Income - Printer Expense
= £750,000 - £300,000
= £450,000
Next, we can calculate Company Z's equity at the end of the year. Since we are given that both companies have the same beginning-of-the-year equity, we can assume that Company Z's equity at the end of the year will also be £10,000,000.
Finally, we can calculate Company Z's return on equity using the formula:
ROE = (Net Income / Equity) * 100
Company Z's ROE = (£450,000 / £10,000,000) * 100
= 4.5%
Therefore, Company Z's return on equity using year-end equity will be closest to 4.5%.
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1.Suppose you make a quarterly deposit to your saving account that earns 5% interest compounded quarterly.
2.Find the effective annual interest rate. Enter your answer as a percentage rounded to the nearest hundredth
3.Find the effective interest rate per quarter.
4.APY will _______ when M increases.
5.APR will _______ when M increases.
Suppose you make a quarterly deposit to your saving account that earns 5% interest compounded quarterly. The effective annual interest rate and effective interest rate per quarter are as follows:
Calculation of effective annual interest rate:
For a quarterly deposit, the interest rate per quarter is given as: r = 5/4 % = 1.25%. The number of quarters in a year is given as: M = 4. Using the formula of effective annual interest rate, we get: Effective Annual Interest Rate (EAR) = (1 + r/M)^M - 1 Effective Annual Interest Rate (EAR) = (1 + 1.25%/4)^4 - 1 Effective Annual Interest Rate (EAR) = 1.0125^4 - 1Effective Annual Interest Rate (EAR) = 0.0511 or 5.11% .Therefore, the effective annual interest rate is 5.11%.Calculation of effective interest rate per quarter: Effective Quarterly Interest Rate (EIR) = 0.0125 or 1.25% Thus, the statement will be: APY will increase when M increases. For APR, the formula is given as: APR = r × n Here, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of times the interest is compounded in a year.
If the number of times the interest is compounded per year increases (M increases), then the APR remains constant. Thus, the statement will be: APR will remain constant when M increases.
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QUESTION 2 (20 Marks) Below are the title and abstract of an
article which was published in January 2020 in the Business
Strategy and the Environment Journal, Vol. 29, Issue 1, page 1 –
16. Critical
The relationship between Corporate Environmental Performance (CEP) and Financial Performance (FP) has been a subject of debate in the literature for many years. While some researchers argue that environmental performance is positively related to financial performance, others disagree.
The paper reviews 92 studies that have investigated the relationship between CEP and FP and identifies the main findings of these studies. The paper also discusses the methodological issues that arise in this area of research and suggests ways to address these issues.
the article provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between CEP and FP and suggests future research directions. The review suggests that the relationship is complex and depends on various factors, and that future research should adopt a more sophisticated research design.
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A FLOOD OF WATER CONSUMPTION CHOICES pouch for around $5.000. 45 They also might seek water that has been filtered or otherwise certified safe, which constitutes a growing concern, as we discuss in Chapter 5. And many people appreciate a variety of product options, like flavored or sparkling versions. 46 To produce this variety of products, offered at distinct price points with unique promotions and found in expected places, a wide range of companies compete and collaborate to slake people's thirst. Water brands like Aquafina (owned by PepsiCo), Dasani (owned by Coca-Cola), and Evian promise different benefits from drinking their products. They also are innovating with different packaging options, including metal cans for water. 47 One firm even is developing an algae-based, compostable pod that can hold a single serving of water and then be swallowed or discarded, where it will break down naturally as plant matter. 48 In parallel, Hydro Flask. Thermos, Nalgene. Yeti, and other brands that manufacture reusable bottles seek to get consumers to avoid those offerings and instead embrace the idea of water from a tap or fountain. They highlight the distinctive potential associated with carrying one of their bottles, and they strongly emphasize the inherent sustainability of their offering. compared with single-use plastics. Another competitive offering is linked to water refill stations that increasingly appear in public spaces, such as schools and hotels. At these stations, people with their bottles in hand can get a refill of filtered, cold water: those who forgot their favorite bottle can grab a simple, $3 refillable bottle to meet their immediate need. 49 So when you take a sip because you are thirsty, what precisely has driven you as a consumer to make the decision? Consider the case questions and the lessons you've learned in this first chapter to derive your answer.
The availability of a variety of product options, flavored or sparkling versions, is one of the reasons why consumers opt for different water brands. To produce this variety of products, distinct price points, and unique promotions, a wide range of companies compete and collaborate to meet the people's need for a drink.
Water brands like Aquafina, Dasani, and Evian promise different benefits from drinking their products. The packaging option is also significant to the consumer, as it determines how well they can access and use the product they are purchasing. One firm even is developing an algae-based, compostable pod that can hold a single serving of water and then be swallowed or discarded, where it will break down naturally as plant matter. Hydro Flask, Thermos, Nalgene, Yeti, and other brands that manufacture reusable bottles are competitive offerings that seek to get consumers to avoid single-use plastics and embrace the idea of water from a tap or fountain. They highlight the distinctive potential associated with carrying one of their bottles, and they strongly emphasize the inherent sustainability of their offering.
Refill stations that increasingly appear in public spaces, such as schools and hotels, offer filtered, cold water, and they allow people with their bottles in hand to get a refill. To meet the immediate need of those who forgot their favorite bottle, simple, $3 refillable bottles are available.
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Consider a credir card with a balance of $8500 and an APR of 14.5%. If you want to make monthly payments in order to pay off the balance in 1 year, what is the total amount you will pay? Round your answer to the nearest cent, if necessary.
The credit card with a balance of $8500 and an APR of 14.5%. The total amount that will be paid is $9127.68.
If monthly payments are to be made to pay off the balance in 1 year, the total amount you will pay can be calculated as follows:
We will use the formula for the monthly payment on a loan or credit card, which is given by the following formula:
\[M=P \left( {r \over {1 - \left( {1 + r} \right) ^{-n}}} \right)\]
Where M is the monthly payment
P is the principal or the initial balance of the loan or credit card
r is the monthly interest rate (the annual percentage rate divided by 12)
n is the total number of months for which the loan or credit card is taken
The monthly interest rate is calculated as the APR divided by 12.
\[r = {14.5\% \over 12} = 0.01208333\]
The number of months for which the loan or credit card is taken is 1 year, or 12 months.
n = 12
Putting the values in the formula:
\[M=8500 \left( {{0.01208333} \over {1 - \left( {1 + {0.01208333}} \right) ^{-12}}} \right)\]\[M \approx 760.64\]
The total amount paid will be the sum of all the monthly payments:
\[\text{Total amount paid} = 12M = 12 \cdot 760.64 \approx 9127.68\]
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Copy %20 of FCF estimate You are a research analyst and want to use the discounted froe cash flow modol to determine the enterprise value of Electrix, an electricity distribution company. You have put together the following forecast of Electrux's income gtatement over the next three years (all figures in 3 milion): Forecast incorme sfatement - ALL FIGURES IN $ MNLLON In adestion, you havo collected the following information: - Operating working capital (OWC) in each yoar will be 10% of revenue in that year - Capital expenditure (capex) will be $25 milion in ench year - The corporate tax rate is 28\%. Electrox's free cash flow to the firm (FCF) in year 2025 is $. million. Note: Please provido your answor with fwo decimal painfs in $ milon in the format of xx.nx for example, if the answer is $12.34 malion, fype in 12.34).
The net amount of cash and cash equivalents coming into and going out of a business is referred to as cash flow. The free cash flow for the year 2024 is $19.90 million.
Calculation of free cash flow to the firm(FCFF) for the year 2024:
OWC for 2024=Revenue in 2024*10%
=$180 million*10%
=$18 million
OWC for 2023=Revenue in 2023*10%
=$165 million*10%
=$16.50 million
Change in net OWC in 2024 is:
=OWC in 2024-OWC in 2023
=$18-$16.50
=$1.5 million
Capital expenditure in 2024=$25 million
EBIT for 2024=$20 million
Tax rate=28% or 0.28
FCFF=EBIT(1-tax rate)+Depreciation-Change in net OWC-Capital expenditure
Thus, FCFF for the year 2024 is:
=$20(1-0.28)+$32-$1.5-$25
=($20*0.72)+$32-$1.5-$25
=$14.4+$32-$1.5-$25
=$19.90 million
Money spent and money received reflect inflows and outflows, respectively. Fundamentally, a company's capacity to produce positive cash flows—or, more precisely, to maximize long-term free cash flow (FCF)—determines its potential to add value for shareholders.
FCF is the amount of cash that a firm generates from its regular business operations after deducting any capital expenditures (CapEx) costs.
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The enterprise value of Electrix using the discounted free cash flow (FCF) model is = -28.88 million.
To determine the enterprise value of Electrix using the discounted free cash flow (FCF) model, we need to calculate the free cash flows for each year and discount them to their present value. Here are the steps:
Calculate Free Cash Flow (FCF) for each year:
FCF = Operating Income - Taxes + Depreciation & Amortization - Capex - Change in Operating Working Capital
Year 2023:
FCF_2023 = 5 - (0.28 * 5) + 2 - 25 - (0.1 * 5) = -14.4 million
Year 2024:
FCF_2024 = 10 - (0.28 * 10) + 3 - 25 - (0.1 * 10) = -11.8 million
Year 2025:
FCF_2025 = 15 - (0.28 * 15) + 4 - 25 - (0.1 * 15) = -8.2 million
Note: The income figures for each year are not provided, so I have used placeholder values of 5, 10, and 15 million for demonstration purposes.
Discount the FCF to their present value using an appropriate discount rate. Let's assume a discount rate of 10%.
PV_2023 = FCF_2023 / (1 + 0.1)^1 = -14.4 / 1.1 = -13.09 million
PV_2024 = FCF_2024 / (1 + 0.1)^2 = -11.8 / 1.1^2 = -9.44 million
PV_2025 = FCF_2025 / (1 + 0.1)^3 = -8.2 / 1.1^3 = -6.35 million
Calculate the sum of the present values of the FCFs:
Enterprise Value = PV_2023 + PV_2024 + PV_2025
= -13.09 + (-9.44) + (-6.35)
= -28.88 million
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What do you think is the orginal motivations for the protection of Natural Resources? What were some early measures taken in the protection of the environment?
What is the NAAQS? and Please discuss how they are important
What would be the advantage of applying multi-media approaches to Waste Control
Describe the pollutants that are commonly found in drinking water supplies? How does each pollutant affect human health?
If you are a consultant and you want to save money at a facility that conducts on-site wastewater treatment, what approach would you use? Reduce the amount of water treated, Reduce the amount of chemical used to treat the water, or reduce the total amount of water used at a facilty.
The original motivations for the protection of Natural Resources were to conserve the environment, reduce pollution, reduce global warming, protect the land and sea, and conserve energy.
The early measures taken in the protection of the environment include setting aside land and water as nature reserves, conservation of forests, and the reduction of the use of dangerous chemicals. The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) refers to standards established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the air that Americans breathe.
The NAAQS is an important tool in protecting public health and welfare from the negative effects of air pollution. The Waste Control can help in the proper management of waste, ensuring the reduction of waste, promoting recycling and resource recovery, and minimizing disposal costs. The pollutants commonly found in drinking water supplies are lead, arsenic, nitrates, nitrites, and pathogens.
while nitrates and nitrites have been linked to cancer. Pathogens can lead to waterborne illnesses, such as cholera and typhoid fever. To save money at a facility that conducts on-site wastewater treatment .This can be achieved by promoting water conservation measures such as the use of low-flow faucets and toilets, which can help to minimize water usage, thereby reducing the amount of water that needs to be treated.
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Find and explain the
training myths and steps for
position analysis.
Also, find and provide the
definition of Warm body
syndrome?
Common training myths include the belief that training is a one-time event and guarantees immediate improvement, while steps for position analysis involve purpose identification, data gathering, analysis, documentation, and regular review.
Training myths can hinder the effectiveness of training programs. The myth that training is a one-time event overlooks the importance of continuous learning and development. Training is an ongoing process that should be reinforced over time to achieve lasting impact. Similarly, the misconception that training guarantees immediate performance improvement overlooks the need for practice and application of new skills in the workplace. Training provides the foundation, but real change requires practice and support in the work environment. Lastly, the belief that training can fix all performance issues ignores the multifaceted nature of performance, which can be influenced by various factors such as resources, motivation, and organizational support.
Position analysis involves several steps. Firstly, identifying the purpose and scope sets the context for the analysis. Gathering information is crucial to understanding the responsibilities, skills, qualifications, and performance expectations associated with the position. Analyzing the information helps identify key attributes and requirements. Documenting the findings in a comprehensive manner ensures clarity and consistency in understanding the position. Lastly, regular review and updates are necessary to ensure the analysis remains relevant and aligned with organizational needs and changes in the role.
Warm Body Syndrome refers to the practice of hiring individuals solely to fill a position quickly, without adequately considering their qualifications, skills, or fit for the role. It emphasizes speed over quality in the hiring process. This syndrome can lead to negative consequences such as decreased performance, employee dissatisfaction, and increased turnover. Organizations should prioritize a comprehensive hiring process that assesses candidates' qualifications, skills, and cultural fit to avoid falling into the trap of Warm Body Syndrome.
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The annual market size for products bought by or for preteens and teenagers is about - $2 billion. (1) $20 billion. ( $100 billion. ()) $200 billion. $900 billion. QUESTION 17 Evaluative criteria refer to the objective and subjective attributes of a brand consumers use to compare different products and brands those attributes of a brand that are based exclusively on objective criteria in order to make an unbiased purchase decision those attributes of a brand that are based exclusively on subjective criteria in order to avoid postpurchase anxiety the attributes of a product that a manufacturer wishes to promote to a specific target market. a list of required product attributes from which a customer will not waver regardless of additional incentives. QUESTION 18 A filtering of exposure, comprehension, and retention is called selective attention. selective perception. selective intuition. selective retention. stimulus discrimination. QUESTION 19 A(i) external cognitive alternative internal postpurchase OUESTION 20 Cognitive dissonance refers to feelings of guilt for purchasing a product or service that was not consistent with a consumer's moral or ethical beliefs. feelings of discomfort associated with purchasing something purely for the sake of prestige. the feeling of postpurchase psychological tension or anxiety consumers may experience when faced with two or more highly attractive alternatives. feelings of discontent after a purchase has been made when the product fails to perform up to expectations feelings of discontent before a purchase has been made when the customer finds out that he or she paid more for the product than necessary. Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click. Save All Answers to save all answers.
Evaluative criteria refer to the objective and subjective attributes of a brand that consumers use to compare different products and brands. Filtering can be influenced by personal interests, needs, etc.
These criteria can include both objective factors, such as price, quality, and features, as well as subjective factors, such as brand reputation, personal preferences, and emotional appeal. Evaluative criteria help consumers make informed purchase decisions by considering various aspects of a brand or product before making a choice. A filtering of exposure, comprehension, and retention is called selective attention. Selective attention refers to the process by which consumers choose to focus their attention on certain stimuli while filtering out others.
This filtering can be influenced by factors such as personal interests, needs, and preferences. Cognitive dissonance refers to the feeling of post-purchase psychological tension or anxiety that consumers may experience when faced with two or more highly attractive alternatives. It occurs when there is a mismatch between a consumer's beliefs, attitudes, or expectations and their actual purchase decision. The feeling of cognitive dissonance arises from the conflict or inconsistency in the consumer's thoughts and can lead to a sense of discomfort or unease.
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The current spot price of lumber is $0.70 per board foot and the six-month lumber futures price is $0.68 per board foot. The proportional storage cost of lumber is 4.5% per annum with continuous compounding. The interest rate is 3.5% per annum for all maturities with continuous compounding. What is the current convenience yield? (Your answer should be in decimals and accurate to three decimal places, Le. 5.4% should be written as 0.054 ).
To calculate the current convenience yield, we need to gap analysis use the formula Convenience Yield = (Storage Cost - Cost of Carry) / Spot Price First, let's calculate the cost of carry. Cost of Carry = Interest Rate - Dividend Yield.
Since there is no mention of dividend yield in the given information, we can assume it to be zero. Since there is no mention of dividend yield in the given information, we can assume it to be zero. Cost of Carry = Interest Rate - Dividend Yield = 3.5% - 0% = 3.5%. Now, let's calculate the storage cost: Storage Cost = Proportional Storage Cost / Time Since the time period given is in years, and we want to calculate the convenience yield for six months, we need to divide the storage cost by 2. Storage Cost = 4.5% / 2 = 2.25%. Now we can calculate the convenience yield.
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should countries develop local supply chain? why
Yes, countries should develop local supply chains to help in economic development. There are numerous benefits of creating a local supply chain. One benefit is the increased job opportunities that come with creating a local supply chain.
Also, a local supply chain supports economic growth since local businesses gain the financial strength to produce goods and services at a larger scale. The products become cheaper and more affordable for the consumers, who might even start exporting the products for global consumption.
Developing a local supply chain will help in reducing transportation costs, making the products more affordable to the consumers. It also helps in reducing the carbon footprint because the long distances that products usually travel will be significantly reduced.
Furthermore, the development of a local supply chain allows a country to diversify its economy and reduce reliance on imports. Local industries can be set up to manufacture products that were previously imported, which helps to create a more stable economy.
In conclusion, local supply chain development will help the country in achieving economic development, creating job opportunities, reducing transportation costs, promoting exports, diversifying the economy, and reducing reliance on imports.
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15) You purchase a put option on stock at a strike price of 331 and at the time of expiration the price was 343 What was your profit or loss? 15) A) −$12.00 B) $0 C) −$600D $600
The profit or loss from purchasing a put option can be calculated by subtracting the strike price from the stock price at the time of expiration. The loss is $12 .The answer is a.
To calculate the profit or loss, we subtract the strike price from the stock price: $343 - $331 = $12
Since the stock price is higher than the strike price, the put option is out of the money and the profit would be $12. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
It's important to note that the profit or loss from an option can also be influenced by the premium paid for the option and any transaction costs involved. The loss is answer A.
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What other calculations or analysis should be done to better understand the Greeter's Data?
To better understand the Greeter's Data, the following calculations and analysis can be done:1. Correlation Analysis: This will help in identifying the strength and direction of the relationship between different variables.
By measuring the correlation between different variables in the dataset, we can understand the nature of the relationship. Cluster Analysis: This can help in identifying different segments of customers based on their behavior and preferences. By clustering customers based on their behavior, we can identify different segments of customers that require different levels of service.
Time Series Analysis: This can help in identifying trends and patterns in the data over time. By analyzing the data over time, we can identify the impact of different factors on customer behavior and sales volume. For example, we can use time-series analysis to understand if there is a seasonal variation in the number of customers in the store and the number of greetings by greeters.By using these different calculations and analysis, we can get a better understanding of the Greeter's data.
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Flounder Corporation was organized on January 1,2022 . It is authorized to issue 14,000 shares of 8%,$100 par value preferred stock, and 505,000 shares of no-par common stock with a stated value of $3 per share. The following stock transactions were completed during the first year. Jan. 10 Issued 77.000 shares of common stock for cash at $6 per share. Mar. 1 Issued 5,800 shares of preferred stock for cash at $105 per share. Apr. 1 Issued 25,000 shares of common stock for land. The asking price of the land was $88,000. The fair value of the land was $81,000. May 1 Issued 76,000 shares of common stock for cash at $4.25 per share. Aug. 1. Issued 10.500 shares of common stock to attorneys in payment of their bill of $36,000 for services performed in helping the company organize. Sept. 1 Issued 12,000 shares of common stock for cash at $5 per share. Nov. 1 Issued 3.000 shares of preferred stock for cash at $112 per share. Post to the stockholders' equity accounts. (Post entries in the order of journal entries presented in the Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value-Common Stock
Here are the journal segments for the trades wrapped up during the fundamental year:
77.000 portions of normal stock were given on January 10 for $6 each in real money. Paid-in Capital Excess to Stated Value of Common Stock | 77,000 x ($6-$3) = 231,000
on March 1 Issued 5,800 shares of preferred stock in exchange for cash at $105 per share. Cash | 462,000 Normal Stock | 77,000 x $3 = 231,000 Money | 609,000 portions of favored stock | 5,800 x $100 = 580,000 portions of favored stock with paid-in capital above expressed esteem | 5,800 x ($105-$100) = 29,000 offers
on April 1 $88,000 was the asking cost for the land. At fair value, the land was worth $81,000. Land | 81,000 Normal Stock | 25,000 x $3 = 75,000 Paid-in Capital in Overabundance of Expressed Worth Normal Stock | 7,000
May 1 Gave 76,000 shares of normal stock for cash at $4.25 per share.
On August 1, issued 10.500 shares of common stock to attorneys as payment for their $36,000 bill for services provided in assisting the company in forming its new organization.
Cash | 323,500 shares of common stock | 76,000 x $3 = 228,000 Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value-Common Stock Paid-in Capital in Abundance of Expressed Worth Normal Stock | (10.5 * ($6-$3)) - 31.5 =15.75
Sept. 1 Gave 12,000 portions of normal stock for cash at $5 per share. Cash |60,000 Typical Stock|121000=12k Paid-in Capital in Overflow of Communicated Worth Ordinary Stock|122*(5-3)=48k
Nov.1 Gave 3.000 parts of leaned toward stock for cash at $112 per share. Paid-in capital above stated value of $300,000, cash, 336k in preferred stock, and 3000x(112-100)=36k in preferred stock
A stock is a sort of investment that represents ownership in a piece of the issuing firm and is sometimes referred to as equity. The "shares" that comprise a unit of stock entitle the owner to a share of the corporation's resources and profits according to the number of shares they hold. Most portfolios of individual investors are made up of stocks, which are often purchased and sold on stock markets.
During stock trading, investors must adhere to government regulations intended to protect them from unethical practices. Corporations issue stock as a means of raising capital to fund their operations, and the shareholder who holds those shares may be entitled to a portion of the company's assets and earnings.
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Brief History of Macroeconomic Thought. Read Garin, Lester and Sims (2018), chapter
3 (Brief History of Macroeconomic Thought), to answer briefly the following questions:
2. What economic events caused the failure of the Phillips curve in the 1970s?
5. What are the main shortcomings of the traditional Keynesian models?
The economic events that caused the failure of the Phillips curve in the 1970s were the oil price shocks and the subsequent stagflation.
These events disrupted the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment that the Phillips curve had previously explained. The main shortcomings of the traditional Keynesian models include the assumption of rigid wages and prices, which do not reflect the reality of the economy. Additionally, traditional Keynesian models focus mainly on the short run and do not adequately consider the impact of expectations and forward-looking behavior. These shortcomings limit the ability of traditional Keynesian models to accurately predict and explain economic phenomena.
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You are considering making a movie. The movie is expected to cost $10.4 million up front and take a year to produce. After that, it is expected to make $4.1 million in the year it is released and $1.7 million for the following four years. What is the payback period of this investment? If you require a payback period of two years, will you make the movie? Does the movie have positive NPV if the cost of capital is 10.3% ? What is the payback period of this investment? The payback period is years. (Round to one decimal place.) OpenSeas, Inc. is evaluating the purchase of a new cruise ship. The ship will cost $499 million, and will operate for 20 years. OpenSeas expects annual cash flows from operating the ship to be $71.5 million and its cost of capital is 12.3% a. Prepare an NPV profile of the purchase. b. Identify the IRR on the graph. c. Should OpenSeas proceed with the purchase? d. How far off could OpenSeas' cost of capital estimate be before your purchase decision would change? a. Prepare an NPV profile of the purchase. To plot the NPV profile we compute the NPV of the project for various discount rates and plot the curve. The NPV for a discount rate of 2.0% is $ million. (Round to one decimal place.)
Movie Investment:
The payback period of an investment represents the time it takes to recover the initial investment. In this case, the movie has an upfront cost of $10.4 million and is expected to generate cash flows over a five-year period. The cash flows include $4.1 million in the first year of release and $1.7 million for the subsequent four years. To calculate the payback period, we need to determine when the cumulative cash inflows equal or exceed the initial investment.
Year 1: $4.1 million
Year 2: $1.7 million
Year 3: $1.7 million
Year 4: $1.7 million
Year 5: $1.7 million
Adding up the cash flows, we find that it takes approximately 6.1 years to recover the initial investment:
$4.1 million + $1.7 million + $1.7 million + $1.7 million + $1.7 million = $10.9 million
Since the payback period exceeds the required payback period of two years, it would not be advisable to proceed with making the movie based solely on the payback period criterion.
To determine if the movie has a positive net present value (NPV), we need to discount the future cash flows to their present value and subtract the initial investment. The discount rate is given as 10.3%.
NPV = (CF1 / (1 + r)^1) + (CF2 / (1 + r)^2) + ... + (CF5 / (1 + r)^5) - Initial Investment
NPV = ($4.1 million / (1 + 0.103)^1) + ($1.7 million / (1 + 0.103)^2) + ... + ($1.7 million / (1 + 0.103)^5) - $10.4 million
Calculating the NPV yields a positive value, indicating that the movie has a positive net present value at the given cost of capital.
Cruise Ship Purchase:
To prepare an NPV profile for the purchase of the cruise ship, we need to calculate the NPV of the project at various discount rates. The initial investment is $499 million, and the ship is expected to generate annual cash flows of $71.5 million over a 20-year period. The cost of capital is stated as 12.3%.
Using the NPV formula mentioned earlier, we calculate the NPV for different discount rates to plot the NPV profile. The discount rates chosen are typically a range around the cost of capital.
For a discount rate of 2.0%, the NPV is calculated as:
NPV = ($71.5 million / (1 + 0.02)^1) + ($71.5 million / (1 + 0.02)^2) + ... + ($71.5 million / (1 + 0.02)^20) - $499 million
The calculated NPV value will determine the position on the NPV profile for a discount rate of 2.0%.
Based on the given information, the movie investment does not meet the payback period criterion of two years. However, it has a positive NPV when the cost of capital is 10.3%, suggesting that it could be a financially viable project.
Regarding the cruise ship purchase, it is necessary to calculate the NPV profile using different discount rates to assess its financial feasibility. Once the NPV profile is plotted, we can identify the internal rate of return (IRR) as the discount rate at which the NPV equals zero. If the IRR exceeds the cost of capital, it would indicate a favorable investment. Additionally, the decision to proceed with the purchase should consider factors beyond financial considerations, such as market demand, industry trends, and strategic goals.
To determine the maximum allowable deviation in the cost of capital estimate before the purchase decision changes, a sensitivity analysis is required. By assessing the NPV at various cost of capital values, one can identify the threshold at which the investment's viability becomes uncertain.
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During the year, the following transactions affected its stockholders' equity accounts. January 2 Purchased 4,000 shares of its own stock at $20 cash per share. January 5 Directors declared a $2 per share cash dividend payable on February 28 to the February 5 stockholders of record. February 28 Paid the dividend declared on January 5. July 6 Sold 2,000 of its treasury shares at $24 cash per share. August 22 sold 2,000 of its treasury shares at $16 cash per share. September 5 Directors declared a $2 per share cash dividend payable on October 28 to the September 25 stockholders of record. October 28 Paid the dividend declared on September 5. December 31 Closed the $388,000 credit balance (from net income) in the Income Summary account to Retained Earnings. During the year, the following transactions affected its stockholders' □ equity accounts. Prepare the necessary journal entries. If no ournal entry is required, select "No journal entry required" in the first input box.
The necessary journal entries for the transactions are as follows: January 2: Debit Treasury Stock $80,000, Credit Cash $80,000. January 5: Debit Retained Earnings $8,000, Credit Dividends Payable $8,000. February 28: Debit Dividends Payable $8,000, Credit Cash $8,000. July 6: Debit Cash $48,000, Credit Treasury Stock $48,000. August 22: Debit Cash $32,000,Credit Treasury Stock $32,000
September 5:
Debit Retained Earnings $8,000
Credit Dividends Payable $8,000
October 28:
Debit Dividends Payable $8,000
Credit Cash $8,000
December 31:
Debit Income Summary $388,000
Credit Retained Earnings $388,000
On January 2, the company purchased 4,000 shares of its own stock for $20 cash per share, resulting in a decrease in cash and an increase in treasury stock.
On January 5, the directors declared a $2 per share cash dividend payable on February 28 to the stockholders of record on February 5. This resulted in a decrease in retained earnings and an increase in dividends payable.
On February 28, the company paid the dividend declared on January 5, resulting in a decrease in dividends payable and a decrease in cash.
On July 6, the company sold 2,000 treasury shares at $24 cash per share, resulting in an increase in cash and a decrease in treasury stock.
On August 22, the company sold 2,000 treasury shares at $16 cash per share, resulting in an increase in cash and a decrease in treasury stock.
On September 5, the directors declared a $2 per share cash dividend payable on October 28 to the stockholders of record on September 25. This resulted in a decrease in retained earnings and an increase in dividends payable.
On October 28, the company paid the dividend declared on September 5, resulting in a decrease in dividends payable and a decrease in cash.
On December 31, the $388,000 credit balance in the Income Summary account (from net income) was closed to Retained Earnings, resulting in a decrease in income summary and an increase in retained earnings.
The necessary journal entries have been provided for the given transactions, which include the purchase of treasury stock, declaration and payment of dividends, sale of treasury stock, and closing of the income summary account to retained earnings. These entries accurately record the effects of the transactions on the stockholders' equity accounts.
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Within the framework of the equity theory, if an employee perceives unfair treatment and decides Ito work harder, what choice have they made? Select one: a. adjust perceptions of others b.
Equity theory, introduced by J. Stacy Adams, posits that individuals are motivated by fairness, justice, and equitable treatment in social interactions. If an employee perceives unfair treatment and decides to work harder, they have made the choice to adjust their perceptions of others.
Below is a detailed explanation of the equity theory and how it relates to an employee's decision to work harder when they perceive unfair treatment: According to the equity theory, individuals are motivated by fairness in social interactions. In an organizational context, employees expect that they will be treated fairly in terms of rewards for their efforts. If an employee perceives that their efforts are not being rewarded fairly, they may feel demotivated and dissatisfied with their work situation. In this context, equity theory suggests that employees compare their own inputs (such as effort, time, skills) and outputs (such as pay, promotions, recognition) to those of their colleagues. When employees perceive that their inputs and outputs are equal to those of their colleagues, they feel that they are being treated fairly.
In conclusion, within the framework of the equity theory, if an employee perceives unfair treatment and decides to work harder, they have made the choice to adjust their perceptions of others.
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What would be your after-tax amount on $1000 of interest income, if you pay a 35% tax rate on your income? $650 $100 $750 $150 $350
The after-tax amount on $1000 of interest income, if you pay a 35% tax rate on your income is $650. So, option a is correct.
The amount of tax deducted from your interest income can be calculated by multiplying the amount of interest income by the tax rate.
Therefore, if you pay a 35% tax rate on your income, the amount of tax deducted from your $1000 interest income will be: 35/100 x $1000 = $5/100*1000=350. So, if you pay a 35% tax rate on your income, your after-tax amount on $1000 of interest income will be: $1000 - $350 = $1000-350=650.
Therefore, the correct answer is $650. So, option a is correct.
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Complete question:
What would be your after-tax amount on $1000 of interest income, if you pay a 35% tax rate on your income?
$650
$100
$750
$150
$350
You have $ 400,000 saved for retirement. Your account earns 5 % interest. How much will you be able to pay out each month, if you want to be able to take withdrawals for 20 years?
To calculate the monthly payout, we need to use the formula for calculating the future value of an ordinary annuity. The formula is:
FV = P * ((1 + r)^n - 1) / r Where: FV is the future value of the annuity P is the monthly payout r is the monthly interest rate n is the number of months Given: Principal amount (P) = $400,000 Annual interest rate (r) = 5% Number of years (n) = 20 To calculate the monthly interest rate, we divide the annual interest rate by 12: 5% / 12 = 0.4167% Now, let's calculate the future value (FV) of the annuity: FV = $400,000 * ((1 + 0.004167)^ (20*12) - 1) / 0.004167 FV = $400,000 * ((1.004167)^240 - 1) / 0.004167 FV ≈ $718,907.36 To find the monthly payout (P), we rearrange the formula: P = FV * r / ((1 + r)^n - 1) P = $718,907.36 * 0.004167 / ((1 + 0.004167)^240 - 1) P ≈ $3,162.32.
Therefore, if you want to be able to take withdrawals for 20 years, you will be able to pay out approximately $3,162.32 each month.
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Which of the following statements is true with regard to the due diligence period included in the NCAR Stand Offer to Purchase and Contract Form 2-T?
A. Buyer may provide oral or written notice of termination under the due diligence provision
B. The due diligence period will automatically expire art 5pm on the due diligence date stated in the contract
C. Buyer has the right to extend the due diligence period no later than 10 days prior to the original due diligence date
D. Buyer must provide a reason for termination of contract under the due diligence provision
The correct statement with regard to the due diligence period included in the NCAR Stand Offer to Purchase and Contract Form 2-T is C. Buyer has the right to extend the due diligence period no later than 10 days prior to the original due diligence date.
Due diligence is the method of examining and validating the claims made by a seller about their business's operations, finances, and legal standing in order to determine the business's worth. In real estate transactions, the due diligence period is a designated timeframe where the buyer may conduct inspections, surveys, or other activities to evaluate the property and complete their own investigations about the property's value.
The North Carolina Association of Realtors (NCAR) has also developed an NCAR Stand Offer to Purchase and Contract Form 2-T, which includes a due diligence provision. The buyer may provide an oral or written notice of termination under the due diligence provision, and they are not obligated to provide a reason for the termination of the contract under this provision.
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For the current tax year, Fannie Corporation, an Accrual Basis calendar year corporation, had the following information: Net Income Per Books (after-tax) $608,750 Premiums On Life Insurance Policy On Its Key Employees * 14,000 Excess Capital Losses 9,000 Excess Tax Depreciation 21,000 (MACRS Depreciation in excess of Financial Accounting (Book) Depreciation) Life Insurance Proceeds On Life Of Its Key Employees * 450,000 Rental Income Received In Current Tax Year 100,000 ($20,000 Is Prepaid (Unearned Revenue) And Relates To Next Tax Year) Tax-Exempt Interest Income On Municipal Bonds 19,500 Expenses Related To Tax-Exempt Interest Income 7,500 Prepaid Rent (Unearned Revenue) Received And Properly Taxed In Prior Tax Year But Not Earned For Financial Accounting 70,000 Purposes Until Current Tax Year Federal Income Tax liability For Current Tax Year 26,250 * - Fannie Corporation is the beneficiary of this Life Insurance Policy. REQUIRED: Using the Schedule M-1 format, determine the Taxable Income for Fannie Corporation for the current tax year. (Show computations)
The Taxable Income for Fannie Corporation for the current tax year is $66,750.
The given data can be tabulated as follows: Particulars Amount ($)Net income per books 608,750 Add: Excess capital losses 9,000 Add: Excess tax depreciation 21,000 Add: Prepaid rent (unearned revenue) received and properly taxed in prior tax year but not earned for financial accounting purposes until current tax year 70,000 Subtract: Premiums on life insurance policy on its key employees(14,000)
Expenses related to tax-exempt interest income (7,500) Subtract: Rental income received in current tax year (80,000)Subtract: Life insurance proceeds on life of its key employees(450,000)Add: Tax-exempt interest income on municipal bonds 19,500 Taxable Income 66,750
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______ The management accountant has many roles. To which of the following personnel do you expect s/he needs to report during an external audit? a. The auditor b. The CFO c. The Controller d. All of the above e. None of the above
______ According to the IMA Standards of Ethical Professional Practice, an accountant must "Communicate professional limitations or other constraints that would preclude responsible judgment or successful performance of an activity." This is included in the category of a. Competence b. Confidentiality c. Integrity d. Credibility e. None of the above
______ Which of the following would not be a product cost for an automobile manufacturing firm? Sales commissions Steel Depreciation on factory equipment Salary for the production line supervisor All of the above are product costs
______ What is the relevant range? a. The area of a graph where there is the most observations b. The front burner on your stove c. The range of activity over which Cost/Volume relations are linear d. A place to practice with your rifle e. None of the above
The management accountant has many roles. To which of the following personnel do you expect s/he needs to report during an external audit?During an external audit, the management accountant should report to the auditor.According to the IMA Standards of Ethical Professional Practice, an accountant must "Communicate professional limitations or other constraints that would preclude responsible judgment or successful performance of an activity." This is included in the category of:Integrity is included in the category of "Communicate professional limitations or other constraints that would preclude responsible judgment or successful performance of an activity."Which of the following would not be a product cost for an automobile manufacturing firm? Sales commissions, would not be a product cost for an automobile manufacturing firm.What is the relevant range?The range of activity over which Cost/Volume relations are linear is known as the relevant range. Therefore, the answer is (c)The range of activity over which Cost/Volume relations are linear.
Suad Alwan, the purchasing agent for Dubai Airlines, has determined that the third plane took 20,000 hours to produce. Using an 75% learning curve and a $40-per-hour labor charge, he wants to determine the cost of the six additional planes. Time required for the sixth unit = hours (round your response to the nearest whole number). Cost of the sixth unit = 600,000 dollars (round your response to the nearest whole number). Time required for the seventh unit = 14,070 hours (round your response to the nearest whole number). Cost of the seventh unit = 562,800 dollars (round your response to the nearest whole number). Time required for the eighth unit = 13,312 hours (round your response to the nearest whole number). Cost of the eighth unit = 532,480 dollars (round your response to the nearest whole number).
The time required for the sixth unit is approximately 6,705 hours, and the cost is approximately $268,200. The time required for the eighth unit is approximately 13,312 hours, and the cost is approximately $532,480. These calculations are based on a 75% learning curve, where each doubling of production reduces the time required by 25%.
The learning curve concept is based on the observation that as cumulative production doubles, the time required to produce each unit decreases by a certain percentage. In this case, we are given a 75% learning curve, which means that for each doubling of production, the time required to produce each unit will decrease by 25%.
To determine the time required for the sixth unit, we can use the learning curve formula:
Time for nth unit = Time for first unit × (n^log(learning curve))/log(2)
Given that the third unit took 20,000 hours to produce, we can plug in the values to find the time required for the sixth unit:
Time for sixth unit = 20,000 × (6^log(0.75))/log(2) ≈ 6,705 hours
Therefore, the time required for the sixth unit is approximately 6,705 hours.
To calculate the cost of the sixth unit, we multiply the time required by the labor charge per hour:
Cost of sixth unit = Time for sixth unit × labor charge = 6,705 × $40 = $268,200
Therefore, the cost of the sixth unit is approximately $268,200.
For the subsequent units, we can use the same approach. The time required for the seventh unit is given as 14,070 hours, and the cost is given as $562,800. We can use these values to determine the learning curve:
14,070 = 20,000 × (7^log(learning curve))/log(2)
Solving this equation for the learning curve, we find that the learning curve is approximately 0.856.
Using this learning curve, we can find the time required for the eighth unit:
Time for eighth unit = 14,070 × (8^log(0.856))/log(2) ≈ 13,312 hours
Therefore, the time required for the eighth unit is approximately 13,312 hours.
Similarly, we can calculate the cost of the eighth unit:
Cost of eighth unit = Time for eighth unit × labor charge = 13,312 × $40 = $532,480
Therefore, the cost of the eighth unit is approximately $532,480.
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Herbert Ltd manufactures parts for battery electric vehicles. The details of the two parts and relevant information are given below for one period: Product parts Part X Part Y Output in units: 7,200 10,500 Cost per unit: Direct material $35 $45 Direct labour $25 $20 Total machine hours 1,200 2,800 Number of production runs 24 35 Orders executed 120 140 Number of shipments 35 40 The data for activity centre, budgeted overhead cost and cost driver are as follows: Activity centre Budgeted overhead cost $ Cost driver Machining 180,000 Machine hours Set-up 59,000 Number of production runs Inspection/Quality control 29,500 Number of production runs Material handling 78,000 Orders executed Delivery 15,000 Number of shipments Total overhead costs $361,500
Required: a) Calculate the overhead rate based on traditional overhead allocation rate with output in units as the base. Determine the total cost to produce one unit of Part X and one unit of Part Y. b) Calculate the overhead rate for each activity centre based on activity-based costing techniques. Determine the total cost to produce one unit of Part X and one unit of Part Y. c) Using the data available, explain the differences between the unit overhead costs between a) and b) above.
a) To calculate the overhead rate based on the traditional overhead allocation rate, we need to divide the total overhead costs by the total number of units produced.
For Part X:
Total cost per unit = (Direct material cost per unit + Direct labor cost per unit + Overhead rate)
= ($35 + $25 + (Total overhead costs / Total units produced))
Total cost per unit of Part X = ($35 + $25 + ($361,500 / 7,200))
For Part Y:
Total cost per unit = (Direct material cost per unit + Direct labor cost per unit + Overhead rate)
= ($45 + $20 + (Total overhead costs / Total units produced))
Total cost per unit of Part Y = ($45 + $20 + ($361,500 / 10,500))
b) To calculate the overhead rate for each activity center based on activity-based costing techniques, we need to divide the budgeted overhead cost for each activity center by the cost driver.
Overhead rate for Machining = (Budgeted overhead cost for Machining / Total machine hours)
Overhead rate for Set-up = (Budgeted overhead cost for Set-up / Number of production runs)
Overhead rate for Inspection/Quality control = (Budgeted overhead cost for Inspection/Quality control / Number of production runs)
Overhead rate for Material handling = (Budgeted overhead cost for Material handling / Orders executed)
Overhead rate for Delivery = (Budgeted overhead cost for Delivery / Number of shipments)
c) The differences between the unit overhead costs calculated in a) and b) above can be attributed to the different allocation bases used. In traditional overhead allocation, the base used is the total number of units produced, whereas, in activity-based costing, different cost drivers are used for each activity center. This allows for a more accurate allocation of overhead costs based on the specific activities that drive those costs.
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A Ponzi scheme is an investment fraud crime. Explain how it works and how you can avoid it, use examples
A Ponzi scheme is an illegal investment scheme in which returns are paid to the investors from the money contributed by newer investors. The fraudulent investment scam involves the promise of quick, significant returns with little to no risk.
An excellent example of a Ponzi scheme is the Bernie Madoff scandal. Bernie Madoff ran a multibillion-dollar Ponzi scheme that involved the deception of many investors. Investors believed that their money was being invested in the stock market, but in reality, the funds were being used to pay earlier investors' returns.
To avoid falling victim to a Ponzi scheme, it is essential to do your research and understand the investment opportunity thoroughly. Avoid investing in schemes that guarantee high returns with little risk. A legitimate investment scheme will provide you with information on how your money is invested and the risks involved. Here are some ways to avoid Ponzi schemes:
1. Conduct extensive research
2. Look for licensed firms or professionals
3. Check for any red flags such as guaranteed high returns, unsolicited phone calls, and emails
4. Avoid investment opportunities that promise guaranteed returns or low risk.
5. Get professional advice from investment advisors before investing.
In conclusion, Ponzi schemes rely on a continued inflow of money from new investors to keep the scheme running. To avoid falling victim to a Ponzi scheme, it is essential to do your research, look for licensed firms or professionals, check for any red flags, avoid investment.
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Monty Pix currently uses a six-year-old molding machine to manufacture silver picture frames. The company paid $104,000 for the machine, which was state of the art at the time of purchase. Although the machine will likely last another ten years, it will need a $11,000 overhaul in four years. More important, it does not provide enough capacity to meet customer demand. The company currently produces and sells 15,000 frames per year, generating a total contribution margin of $99,000. Martson Molders currently sells a molding machine that will allow Monty Pix to increase production and sales to 20,000 frames per year. The machine, which has a ten-year life, sells for $139,000 and would cost $13,000 per year to operate. Monty Pix’s current machine costs only $8,000 per year to operate. If Monty Pix purchases the new machine, the old machine could be sold at its book value of $5,000. The new machine is expected to have a salvage value of $20,000 at the end of its ten-year life. Monty Pix uses straight-line depreciation. Click here to view the factor table. (a) Calculate the new machine’s net present value assuming a 16% discount rate. (For calculation purposes, use 4 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided and round final answer to 0 decimal place, e.g. 58,971.)
(a) Calculate the new machine’s net present value assuming a 16% discount rate.
Net present value $
(b) Use Excel or a similar spreadsheet application to calculate the new machine’s internal rate of return.
Internal rate of return %
(c) Calculate the new machine’s payback period.
Payback period = years
For the new machine at a 16% discount rate, the net present value (NPV) is -$48,922, the internal rate of return (IRR) is approximately 19.98%, and the payback period is approximately 6.95 years.
(a) To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the new machine, we need to determine the cash flows associated with its purchase, operation, and salvage value.
Then we discount these cash flows to their present values using a 16% discount rate and subtract the initial investment.
Cash flows for the new machine:
Year 0: Initial investment = -$139,000
Years 1-10: Additional contribution margin from increased production = $20,000 (20,000 frames - 15,000 frames) * contribution margin per frame = $20,000
Year 10: Salvage value = $20,000
The discount factor for 10 years at a 16% discount rate from the factor table provided: 4.3553
Present value of cash flows:
Year 0: -$139,000 * 1 = -$139,000
Years 1-10: $20,000 * 4.3553 = $87,106
Year 10: $20,000 * 0.1986 (discount factor for year 10) = $3,972
NPV = Sum of present values of cash flows - Initial investment
NPV = -$139,000 + $87,106 + $3,972 = -$48,922
Therefore, the new machine's net present value at a 16% discount rate is -$48,922.
(b) To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR), we can use Excel or a similar spreadsheet application to find the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero. By adjusting the discount rate until the NPV is closest to zero, we can determine the IRR.
Using Excel, we can set up the following cash flow table:
Year 0: -139,000
Years 1-10: 20,000
Year 10: 20,000
Using the IRR function in Excel, we find that the IRR for these cash flows is approximately 19.98%.
Therefore, the new machine's internal rate of return is approximately 19.98%.
(c) The payback period is the time it takes to recover the initial investment. To calculate the payback period, we sum the cash inflows until they equal or exceed the initial investment.
Initial investment: $139,000
Cash inflows per year: $20,000
Payback period = Initial investment / Annual cash inflow
Payback period = $139,000 / $20,000
Payback period = 6.95 years
Therefore, the new machine's payback period is approximately 6.95 years.
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On 1/1, Al-Arabi granted loans and advances with the guarantee of commercial papers, and the value of 1,000,000 dinars, based on the rule of 3000 dinars, which is required to be approved for granting the loan on 1/1.
On 1/1, Al-Arabi granted loans and advances worth 1,000,000 dinars, with the guarantee of commercial papers based on the rule of 3000 dinars that was required to be approved for granting the loan on 1/1.
Loans and advances are one of the major sources of a bank’s income. When a bank grants loans, it earns interest on the principal amount. In the given scenario, Al-Arabi granted loans and advances with the guarantee of commercial papers that worth 1,000,000 dinars. The bank applied the rule of 3000 dinars to determine whether the loan should be granted or not. The rule of 3000 dinars refers to the minimum security to be provided against the loan granted by the bank. It implies that the bank has to receive security of at least 3000 dinars for every dinar granted as a loan.
Thus, in this case, Al-Arabi bank had to ensure that there was security worth at least 3,000,000 dinars, which is 3 times the loan amount, before granting the loan. Since the commercial papers provided guarantee worth 1,000,000 dinars, which is less than the required security amount of 3,000,000 dinars, Al-Arabi bank should have asked the borrower to provide additional security to cover the shortfall.
Therefore, it is important for banks to follow the guidelines and regulations while granting loans and advances to ensure that they mitigate their risk and maintain a sound financial position.
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Nucor Corporations, headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, is the largest manufacturer of steel and steel products in the United States. The company received a great deal of attention because of its impressive performance in the industry plagued by a multitude of problems, especially in recent years. Since the 1970s, Nucor pioneered the minimal concept, which is a method of making steel by melting scrap metal in electric arc furnaces a fraction of the cost of conventional steelmaking. Nucor is admired for its quality products, its state- of-the-art manufacturing processes, and its industry leading productivity ratios. It is difficult to find a single reason that explains Nucor’s success. Although the company has recently made key acquisitions and has modern facilities and equipment, competitors that have the same level of technology do fare well. What Nucor does have that is unique is a set of sound management principles and a somewhat novel approach to employee relations. Although Nucor is a $4.8 billion per year Company, there are only four management layers between the CEO and frontline employees, and the general managers on the plant floor make the day-to-day decisions. Rank-and-file employees are involved in devising methods to improve operations. The company has a very egalitarian culture. There are no company cars, company planes, assigned parking spaces, hunting lodges, or other indications of status. All employees wear the same colour hard-hat (with the exception of maintenance workers and visitors, who must be easily recognisable in case of an emergency), have the same group insurance program, have the same holidays, and have the same vacation plan. There are other areas in which Nucor is distinct. The company has a well- developed employee incentive plan that aligns the interests of the employees with the interest of the firm. The typical millworker at Nucor receives a base pay that is slightly below the industry standard, but the firm’s bonus plan is very generous when the company is doing well. Two distinctive features of Nucor’s bonus system are that it is all written down totally objective, based in firms’ performance criteria. There is no subjectivity involved. If the firm reaches certain performance levels, a bonus will be paid, period. With bonuses figured in, Nucor employees typically lead the steel industry in terms of average pay. Yet the company’s total cost per ton of steel produced is lower than that of the other integrated producers. In return for the generous compensation package, Nucor holds its employees to a high standard. Decisionmaking is pushed down to the factory floor in many instances, requiring mental toughness and continuous education on the part of the company’s employees. The company also asks its employees to be prompt and fully engaged in their jobs. For example, if an employee is late for work, he or she loses his or her bonus for the day. If the employee is more than 30 minutes late, the bonus is lost for a week. In return for this level of employee commitment, Nucor has not laid off a single employee of work in 20 years. A very unusual indication of what Nucor thinks of its employees is evident in the company’s Annual Report for 2006 (and in many previous years). The name of each of the company’s 10,600 employees is written on the front and back cover of the Annual report. Nucor produces high quality products by stressing sound management techniques. Commenting on this issue in a book about Nucor, Jeffery L. Roengen wrote, "The amazing thing about Nucor’s success is that it is so simple: Give employees a stake in the company’s growth; focus on the business at hand; keep red tape and bureaucracy to a minimum.’’ Apparently, this formula had continued to work for Nucor. (Source: Foster 2013: page 210) 1.1 At Nucor, do you think that human resources processes affect product quality? Motivate your answer. (10 marks) 1.2 How do Nucor’s management practices affect its ability to produce high-quality products? Include examples form the case to support your answer. (10 marks) 1.3 Would you enjoy working at Nucor? Substantiate your answer. (10 marks)
1.1 The HR processes at Nucor do affect product quality. Nucor's production method is a labor-intensive and high involvement one which focuses on the use of a minimal concept, which is the process of melting scrap metal in electric arc furnaces.
1.2 Nucor's management practices affect its ability to produce high-quality products in the following ways.
Firstly, Nucor's flat organizational structure with four management layers creates an environment where decision-making is pushed down to the factory floor, allowing for the day-to-day decisions to be made by the general managers on the plant floor. This structure allows Nucor to take advantage of its knowledgeable and skilled workforce, which results in a labor-intensive and high involvement process that focuses on the use of minimal concepts.
Secondly, Nucor has a well-developed employee incentive plan that aligns the interests of the employees with the interest of the firm. The bonus system is objective and based on the firm's performance criteria, which creates a performance-driven culture and motivates employees to improve productivity. The compensation package is generous, which leads to a high standard of work ethic, thus increasing productivity.
Lastly, Nucor's sound management principles and a unique approach to employee relations create an environment where employees are involved in devising methods to improve operations, which results in a high-quality production process.1.3 Yes, I would enjoy working at Nucor.
Additionally, the company has not laid off a single employee in 20 years, which is an indication of job security and a stable work environment.
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