A frameshift mutation that results in the insertion of three nucleotides is often less deleterious than a mutation that results in the insertion of one nucleotide. Why?

Answers

Answer 1
A frame shift mutation that results in the insertion of 3 nucleotides doesn’t reading frame of the downstream codons and proteins they will be made into.

A mutation that inserts a single nucleotide ultimately will change the reading frame and all of the codons (3 nucleotides) downstream of that insertion will make a different protein than they were suppose to or a stop codon could be made which will completely stop that protein from being made.

Example: AUG UAU ACU CAC
The example above will encode for the following proteins.

met, Tyr, Thr, His

3 nucleotide insertion in this example could be:

AUG UAU AAU ACU CAC

met, Tyr, Asn, Thr, His

1 nucleotide insertion mutation:

Example: AUG UAA U ACU CAC

Met, stop codon

Nucleotides after the A insertion are not made into proteins.


Related Questions

mendel’s experimental method involved using true breed parental plants for each of the traits he studied in the monohybrid cross. why was this vital to the outcomes of the experiment?

Answers

Given what we know about Mendel and his experiments, we can confirm that the benefit of his using true breed parental plants was that it added accuracy and precision to his experiment.

The experiment mentions the use of true breed parental plants for each trait that was studied. A true breed or true-breeding organism is one that will ensure the inheritance of certain physical traits to its offspring through every generation. This is also commonly referred to as a purebred.

The importance of this detail in Mendel's experiments is that it functions as the control variable for the experiment. This is a variable that is maintained constant so that when a change occurs, we can attribute it to other factors and therefore add accuracy to the experiment. Therefore, by starting with purebred parental plants, Mendel could better identify the cause of inheritance for the traits.

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how do mitochondria generate and store the energy used to produce most of the atp made during aerobic respiration

Answers

Answer:
By generating a ionic (electrochemical) gradient

Answer:

The citric acid or Krebs cycle processes in the matrix of mitochondria produce a molecule called NADH. NADH is then converted to adenosine triphosphate by enzymes buried in the mitochondrial inner membrane (ATP). Energy is stored in the form of chemical bonds in ATP.

Explanation:

During aerobic respiration, how is ATP created in the mitochondria?

Oxidative phosphorylation produces the majority of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration. By pumping protons across a membrane, the energy released by the O2 is utilized to create a chemiosmotic potential. This potential is subsequently used to activate ATP synthase, which converts ADP and phosphate groups into ATP.

What is the mechanism by which mitochondria store energy?

Mitochondria (plural: mitochondrion) are membrane-bound cell organelles that provide the majority of the chemical energy required to fuel the cell's metabolic activities. Adenosine triphosphate is a tiny molecule that stores chemical energy created by mitochondria (ATP).

What is ATP's energy storage mechanism?

The energy currency of the cell is ATP, or adenosine triphosphate. It retains the energy created during cellular respiration when glucose is oxidized. Energy is stored in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds, which are broken to release energy. Energy is released when ATP is broken down into ADP and Pi.

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Match the vocabulary word with the proper definition.

Definitions

_____ 1. organism that has cells containing a nucleus and other organelles

_____ 2. an organelle inside eukaryotic cells where the DNA is located

_____ 3. cell without a nucleus

_____ 4. a structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is enclosed within a membrane and performs a specific job

_____ 5. phospholipid bilayer that surrounds and encloses a cell

_____ 6. first person to use the word “cell”

_____ 7. tiny, non-living particles that may cause disease

_____ 8. the material inside the plasma membrane of a cell

_____ 9. cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles

_____ 10. organelle where proteins are made

_____ 11. discovered human blood cells

_____ 12. a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus



Terms

a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

b. cytoplasm

c. eukaryote

d. eukaryotic cell

e. nucleus

f. organelle

g. plasma membrane

h. prokaryote

i. prokaryotic cell

j. ribosome

k. Robert Hooke

l. virus

Answers

Answer:

1) Eukaryotic Cell

2)Nucleus

3)Prokaryotic cell

4)organelle

5)Plasma membrane

6)Robert Hooke

7)Virus

8)cytoplasm

9)Eukaryote

10)Ribosom

11)Anton van Leewenhoek

12)Prokaryote

Item 7
How do chloroplasts support cellular functions?

A) They provide structure to the cell.

B) They synthesize, sort, and package proteins.

C) They convert glucose into usable energy.

D) They convert energy from the sun into glucose.

Answers

Answer:

D) They convert energy from the sun into glucose.

Explanation:

and that question i posted because i wanted to see what people thought about it, and to answer my question

Answer:

They convert energy from the sun into glucose

Explanation:

I took the quiz

what organ retains or releases body fluids, thereby regulating blood volume and blood pressure?

Answers

Answer:

excretion

Explanation:

waste

Answer: Kidneys

Explanation:

the condition of having a diploid chromosome complement in which one chromosome lacks its homologous partner.

Answers

Monosomy: the condition of having a diploid chromosome complement in which one chromosome lacks its homologous partner.

A trisomy is a chromosomal disorder characterized by an additional chromosome, so the person has 47 instead of 46.

Nullisomic is a genetic condition involving the lack of both the normal chromosomal pairs for a species (2n-2).

So, the correct answer is 'Monosomy'.

What are the two stages of photosynthesis represented

Answers

Answer:

Light dependent reactions and light independent reactions.

6. After a glacier melt what is the order of the appearance of organisms like
trees, grass, shrubs, and lichen? Put them in order of what appears first to the
last.

Answers

Answer:

grass, shrubs, lichens, trees.

The spinal cord is associated with ____________ pairs of spinal nerves. Spinal nerves are considered

Answers

The spinal cord is associated with 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Spinal nerves are considered mixed nerves because they contain both motor and sensory axons.

What change in the mass number of a nucleus occurs when the nucleus emits an alpha particle?

Answers

Answer:

Protons are positively charged. When a nucleus emits an alpha particle, these changes happen: the mass number decreases by 4. the atomic number decreases by 2.

Explanation:

Protons are positively charged. When a nucleus emits an alpha particle, these changes happen: the mass number decreases by 4. the atomic number decreases by 2.

The ________, which stains dark as it contains pigments and blood vessels, is just underneath the retina.

Answers

The choroid stains dark as it contains pigments and blood vessels. It is

located underneath the retina. It  also lies between the retina and the sclera.

The choroids are very rich in connective tissues( blood vessels) which help

supply the retina with vital nutrients needed for proper eyesight.

The choroids are usually thickest at the extreme rear end of the eye and also helps to maintain a constant eye temperature and volume. This is

important to prevent changes in eye size and temperature which may cause

eye destruction and diseases .

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PLEASE HELP ME IM TIMED!

Answers

Answer:

D. (The last one)

Explanation:

Everything starts with a cell and you grow by gaining more.

Replication of preexisting cells

4.

Which process produces the greatest amount of ATP per glucose molecule metabolized?
respiration
c. fermentation
b. digestion
d. photosynthesis
A. Respiration

Answers

Explanation:

Explanation: The electron transport chain generates the most ATP out of all three major phases of cellular respiration. Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

The main functional difference between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system is that the activities of the ANS __________.

Answers

Answer:

The somatic nervous system (SNS) deals with sensory input and voluntary motor (efferent) activities, while the autonomic nervous system (ANS) deals only with efferent (motor) signals from the CNS to control activities in the body that are distinct from those under conscious voluntary control.

Explanation:

Which statement best describes the subscapularis muscle?

Answers

Answer:

b. is correct

Explanation:

Which molecule binds NMDA receptors and prevents the flow of ions at resting and hyperpolarized membrane potentials

Answers

Answer:

it is in the cell

Explanation:

the vestibular system relies on hair cells that are similar in structure and function to those found in the auditory system.

Answers

Answer:

There are five vestibular receptor organs in the inner ear: the utricle, the saccule, and three semicircular canals.

Explanation:

Definition of Genetic Engineering​

Answers

Answer:

Genetic engineering is the process of altering or modifying the DNA in an organism’s genome.

Answer:

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology

The release of one phosphate group from ATP powers the reactants in the cell which phosphate is the one that is released from ATP

Answers

Answer:

ADP

Explanation:

Your question: The release of one phosphate group from ATP powers the reactants in the cell which phosphate is the one that is released from ATP

My answer: ADP

Why is my answer correct?

If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate. The energy holding that phosphate molecule is now released and available to do work for the cell.

Hope this helps! :)

3. How does a tongue help in the process of digestion?​

Answers

Answer:

the tongue helps in the process of digestion by facilitation the movement of food while chewing and assisting the process of swallowing

Explanation:

If you help I'll give you a brain list

and for the record The question wants me to explain how the blood in the heart reaches the lungs

It's everything in the photo; all you have to do now is explain it.

Answers

Blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, it then moves through the pulmonary arteries which branches to the left and right lungs.

When the deoxygenated blood reaches the lungs, it is then oxygenated and returns to the heart through our pulmonary veins.

Hope this better explains it!

What are some functions of the foot in rotifers? (Choose all that apply)
to propel itself through its environment
to aid in defense against predators
to assist in the digestion of food
to attach itself to a variety of structures

Answers

Answer:

to propel itself through its environment and to attach itself to a variety of structures

Explanation:

I took the quiz(-.-)

Rotifers foot is transformed into a variety of structure for moving and swimming and attach itself to a different structure, hence option d is correct.

What are rotifers?

Some rotifers are really planktonic and free-swimming, while others travel around a substrate via inchworming, and some are sessile and reside inside tubes or gelatinous holdfasts.

About 25 species are sessile or planktonic, colonial (such as Sinantherina semibullata), and some rotifer species have evolved four moveable toes that are equipped with pedal glands to facilitate swimming and crawling.

Rotifers swiftly colonize new environments and transform primary production (algae and cyanobacteria) into a form that is secondary consumers.

Therefore foot of the rotifers is changed into a different structure for movement is attach itself to a variety of structures, hence option d is correct.

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What is a force that opposes motion through direct contact?

A. Friction
B. Pull
C. Push

Answers

Answer: a) Friction

Explanation: Friction is a force that opposes motion. When two objects are in contact, friction is acts in a direction opposite to the motion of the object.

The correct answer is A.
Friction is when two objects move along side each other

Photosynthesis (Where does the electron that is excited by light is taken). What is the source of the electron, where does it end up?

Answers

Answer:

The source of the light electron is the sun and it is taken in by the chlorophyll contained in the chloroplasts.

Explanation:

Explain how protein electrophoresis is done. Is it different from DNA and RNA electrophoresis?

Answers

Electrophoresis is the process in which specific components are separated based on size.

As the name implies protein electrophoresis is used to determine proteins in a sample and DNA electrophoresis is used to determine DNA segments (and later sequences) in a given sample.

which kind of damage to dna can be caused by x-rays?

Answers

Explanation:

Alpha particles, beta particles and X-rays can directly affect a DNA molecule in one of three ways: Changing the chemical structure of the bases; Breaking the sugar-phosphate backbone; or. Breaking the hydrogen bonds connecting the base pairs.

✌️

4) The end product of aerobic respiration are
(a) Energy ethanol and carbon IV oxde
(b) Carbon IV oxide (c) glucose alcohol
and energy (d) glucose water and energy

Answers

Answer:

The end products should be Carbon dioxide and Water.

Explanation:

Hope this helps.

stem cells that not form embryos are embryonic stem cells​

Answers

Answer:

Fuels Data Center

Ethanol is a domestically produced alternative fuel most commonly made from corn. ... such as crop residues and wood—though this is not as common.

https://afdc.energy.gov › AFDC

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles

Ethanol. Ethanol is a widely used renewable fuel made from corn and other plant materials. It is blended with gasoline for use in vehicles.

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Which is a negative impact of the use of ethanol for energy?

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"hsjajajakqk structure and function?How are glucose and ethanol similar in structure and function?How are glucose and ethanol similar in structure and function?How are glucose and ethanol similar in structure and function?How are glucose and ethanol similar in structure and function?Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.Ethanol is blended with gasoline at the fuel terminal to make E10, E15, or E85, ... Ethanol has the same chemical formula regardless of whether it is ...Ethanol is blended with gasoline at the fuel terminal to make E10, E15, or E85, ... Ethanol has the same chemical formula regardless of whether it is ...Ethanol is blended with gasoline at the fuel terminal to make E10, E15, or E85, ... Ethanol has the same chemical formula regardless of whether it is ...How are glucose and ethanol similar in structure and function? How do they differ?.How are glucose and ethanol similar in structure and function? How do they differ?.How are glucose and ethanol similar in structure and function? How do they differ?.How are glucose and ethanol similar in structure and function? How do they differ?.answer up thereanswer up thereanswer up thereanswer up thereanswer up thereanswer up thereanswer up thereanswer up thereanswer up thereanswer up thereLimiting factors fall into two broad categories: density-dependent factors and density-independent factors. ... Other density-independent factors include hurricanes, pollutants, and seasonal climate extremes. Density-dependent limiting factors tend to be biotic—having to do with living organisms.Limiting

Time differences are detected by specialized neurons called coincidence detectors, while intensity differences are detected by a phenomenon called ______.

Answers

Answer:

Sound Shadow

Explanation:

write a paragraph about Balochistan

Answers

Explanation:

Balochistan is located at the eastern edge of the lranian plateau and in the difficult to define border region between southwest, central and south Asia.

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