An optimal capital structure will increases a company's market value while lowering its capital costs .
Having said that, the term "optimal capital structure" refers to the ratio of debt to equity that maximizes market value while minimizing a company's cost of capital, more precisely, its weighted average cost of capital (WACC) (i.e. shareholder wealth).
The best capital structure for a business is one that balances the ideal debt-to-equity ratio with the lowest possible cost of capital for the organization. Managers choose internal financing over outside sources. If outside financing is required, start with the safest securities.
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What are the five 5 important factors that she needs to consider before buying the business?
The important factors that she/he needs to consider before buying the business is Location, Furniture, fixtures and equipment, Inventory, Trained employees, Established customer base, Existing cash flow.
If you include the time needed to find a potential target firm, the process of buying a business might take longer and involve months of negotiation. However, it may be a gratifying process that results in the acquisition of a prosperous company with proper planning and the assistance of an advisory team.
You are buying an income stream when you buy an existing company. The cash flow need to be sufficient to cover your living expenses as well as the new debt service to be paid to the bank, SBA, vendor, or whoever else.
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What is the present value of a series of payments received each year forever, starting with $1,000 paid one year from now and the payment growing in each subsequent year by 6%
What drawbacks are there to using a bank card? A few drawbacks of credit cards are high interest rates, excessive spending by cardholders, fraud risk, etc.
What exactly is a personal interest?Personal hobbies are leisure activities one enjoys. They might include pastimes, athletic endeavors, creative endeavors, free time, volunteer work, cultural interests, spiritual practices, conventional activities, educational endeavors, and personal growth.
What kind of interest is ideal?A fixed rate is the most often used kind of interest since it is straightforward to compute, understand, and consistent.Both the client and the lender are aware of the precise interest rate responsibilities associated with a credit or loan account. Consider, for instance, a $10,000 bank loan to
C = Rs 10,000
n = 5
r = 6%
PV = 1,0,000 / (1+0.06)^5
PV = Rs 7518.
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The present value of a series of payments received each year, starting with $1,000 is Rs 7518.
What exactly is a personal interest?Personal hobbies are leisure activities one enjoys. They might include pastimes, athletic endeavors, creative endeavors, free time, volunteer work, cultural interests, spiritual practices, conventional activities, educational endeavors, and personal growth.
What kind of interest is ideal?A fixed rate is the most often used kind of interest since it is straightforward to compute, understand, and consistent. Both the client and the lender are aware of the precise interest rate responsibilities associated with a credit or loan account. Consider, for instance, a $10,000 bank loan to
C = Rs 10,000
n = 5
r = 6%
PV = 1,0,000 / (1+0.06)^5
PV = Rs 7518.
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Which of the following would NOT be considered in the scope of organizational compliance efforts?
A. Laws
B. Company policy
C. Internal audit
D. Corporate culture
Laws would NOT be considered in the scope of organizational compliance efforts.
Hence, Option A is correct
Organizational compliance initiatives involve adhering to the rules, audits, culture, and standards of the organization. Not organizational compliance, but regulatory compliance is the domain of legal compliance. The most obvious benefit of compliance is a lower possibility of fines, penalties, work stoppages, lawsuits, or the collapse of your company. For instance, you might face a substantial fine from the authorities if you disregarded safety precautions and someone was hurt. Compliance is the process of ensuring that your business and workers abide by all applicable laws, rules, regulations, standards, and ethical guidelines. Being compliant with state and federal regulations entails adhering to corporate policies as well.To know more about organizational Compilance here
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Aling paring started to deposit php 2000 quarterly in a found that pays 5.5% compounded quarterly.how much will be in the fund after 6 years?
Aling Paring began depositing PHP 2000 on a quarterly basis into a fund that earns 5.5% compounded. Consequently, the fund is valued at $56,413.75 after six years.
Future worth of a regular annuity provided by,
F.V. = P [(1 + r) n - 1] / r, equation (1)
F.V. = P [(1 + r) n - 1] / r, equation (1)
periodic interest rate = r
The number of payments is n.
Here,
P = 2,000
r = 5.5% / 4 = 0.01375
for the number of payments (n),
which is 4 payments in a year and 24 payments
so in a six-year period (i.e., n = 24 payments).
the value above in equation 1
so
F.V. = 2000 [(1+ 0.01375) 24 - 1] / 0.01375
F.V. = 56,413.75
P = $56,413.75 will therefore be in the fund after six years.
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What is customer tolerance?
The customer requirement tolerance can be defined as customers' preferences that can be compromised (or customer's indifference or flexibility) that would not affect the purchasing decision.
What is customer tolerance?The tolerance group can be described as a collection of users with the SAP ERP software that have been given certain authorization. The tolerance group aids in specifying the accounting clerks' group in order to choose which amounts are authorised for posting.
Tolerance Groups deal with appropriate, permissible differences and granting users of the organisation the right to upload documents quickly. The SAP tolerance group enables users to conduct transactions with gains or losses in payment for customers or vendors.
Individual GL account master data are given a GL tolerance group. The open item managed GL account in the company code will have these limits enforced by default if the tolerance group is left empty.
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Cindy would like to lease a car worth $56,000 for a three-year period. the leasing company told cindy that after three years, the car would have a residual value of $40,320. how much of the car’s original value will cindy have to pay off during her three-year lease?
a. $1,389
b. $7,200
c. $15,680
d. $40,320
please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
(c.)$15,680, During her three-year lease, Cindy will be required to pay off the car's initial $15,680 worth. Defining the conditions under which one party consents to rent property owned by another party.
The conditions under which one party agrees to rent an asset—in this example, property—owned by another party are outlined in a lease. It ensures that the tenant, also known as the lessee, will have access to the property and, in return, will make monthly payments to the lessor (the landlord or owner of the property). If either party violates the contract's conditions, there will be repercussions for both the lessee and the lessor. A type of incorporeal right is a lease. It assures the landlord or property owner of regular payments for a certain duration in exchange for the tenant's or lessee's usage of the property.
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two shares are priced according to the CAPM. Share A has an expected return of 6.5% and a beta of 0.8. Share B has an expected return of 8.75% and a beta of 1.25. What is the risk free rate of interest and the expected return on the market
The risk-free rate of interest is 6.5% and the expected return on the market is 8.75%.
The risk-free rate is the rate of return given by a risk-free investment. Every financial asset involves some element of risk, no matter how minor, hence the risk-free rate is a purely theoretical term. In reality, it is regarded as the interest rate on short-term government debt. The expected return is the profit or loss that an investor forecasts on an investment with a known historical rate of return. It is calculated by multiplying several possibilities by their probability of occurrence and then adding the results. The expected return is often based on previous data and so cannot be guaranteed in the future; yet, it frequently establishes acceptable expectations. As a result, the expected return may be viewed as a long-term weighted average of previous returns.
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Which one of the following lists dividend events in the correct chronological order from earliest to latest?
A.
date of record, declaration date, ex-dividend date
B.
date of record, ex-dividend date, declaration date
C.
declaration date, date of record, ex-dividend date
D.
declaration date, ex-dividend date, date of record
The correct answer is C, i.e., declaration date, date of record, and ex-dividend date. Included in this report are the protestation date,ex-dividend date, record date and payment date in that time order.
The ex-dividend date is earlier than the record date because there's an agreement period for exchange stock trades. The ex-dividend date for stocks is generally set one business day before the record date.
However, you won't admit the coming tip payment, If you buy a stock on an its-dividend date or after. Rather, the dealer gets the dividend. However, you get the tip, If you buy before the-dividend date.
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Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)?
a. It is a much slower process than litigation.
b. It keeps the parties involved talking rather than fighting.
c. It tends to be more expensive than litigation.
d. It only takes place in federal courts.
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) refers to a variety of methods that people might use to settle problems amicably and It keeps the parties involved talking rather than fighting. so correct option is b.
ADR, or alternative dispute resolution, is what it stands for.Alternative conflict resolution, often known as external dispute resolution, is a broad phrase that refers to a number of dispute resolution techniques and tactics that parties may use to settle problems with the help of a third party. They are used when conflicting parties cannot come to an agreement without turning to litigation. ADR, or alternative dispute resolution, is the umbrella name for a number of out-of-court dispute settlement techniques. Examples of typical ADR practices include arbitration, neutral assessment, and mediation. Compared to regular court sessions, these processes are typically more private, relaxed, and informal.
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What are 3 benefits of term insurance?
Term insurance is a cost-effective and reliable way to provide financial security for your family and loved ones. Here are three key benefits of term insurance:
1. Affordable Coverage: Term insurance offers a high level of coverage at an affordable price. This means that you can protect your family and loved ones for less than the cost of other types of insurance.
2. Flexible Terms: With term insurance, you can choose the length of the policy and the amount of coverage that best meets your needs. You can also adjust the policy as your needs change.
3. Tax Benefits: Term insurance policies are often eligible for tax benefits, which can help reduce your overall tax burden. This is an especially important benefit to consider if you are using term insurance to provide financial security for your family or loved ones.
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When customer deposits money with the bank they are called as these deposits are also called as cash deposits?
Putting cash or checks into your savings account is known as a cash deposit.
Why are the deposits in the bank called deposits?A cash deposit is when you put cash or checks into your savings account. You can deposit cash by going directly to the bank or using a Cash Deposit Machine. Transfers of funds into your account are also regarded as cash deposits.
The option to withdraw funds is available to everyone as needed. Deposits in bank accounts are known as demand deposits because they can be withdrawn at any time.
Demand and time deposits are the two different sorts. An ordinary bank and savings account is a demand deposit. A demand deposit account allows you to take money out at any time. Time deposits, such as certificates of deposit, are investments with a specified term and typically fixed interest rates.
Therefore, the statement is true.
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What are the 5 stages of migration?
There are five common migration approaches: Retire, Replace, Re-host, Rearchitect, and Retain.
What are the stage of migration?With Retire, the application is at end of life, and it is easier to retire, than migrate the application. Replace is very common where business workloads have equivalent Software as a Service offerings. Re-host or (also known as lift and shift) is where an application is migrated to a set of virtual machines as part of an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offering from a cloud provider. Rearchitect requires converting the application to run as a Platform as a Service (PaaS), which is significantly more costly than rehosting, but can be advantageous as the upgraded application will likely have lower on-going management complexity and operating cost compared to rehosting. retain refers to retaining the application on-premises for when continuing in place is the only realistic option. This option is common for applications with regulatory or geographic requirements that cannot be met by current cloud offerings.
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When a gap exists between a consumer's actual state and some ideal or desired state, the consumer has a ________
When a gap exists between a consumer's actual state and some ideal or desired state, the consumer has a "need" or "want."
This need or want is called a "motivator" and it drives the consumer to seek out products or services that will help them bridge the gap and achieve their desired state.
This gap can be physical, social, or emotional, such as hunger, loneliness, or the desire for self-expression. To develop products and services that meet these needs and wants and ultimately drive consumer behavior.
Understanding consumer needs and wants is a crucial aspect of marketing and business strategy. A consumer's needs and wants are the driving force behind their purchasing decisions.
A need is a basic requirement that a consumer must have to survive, such as food, clothing, and shelter. These needs are considered to be physiological and must be met for a consumer to be satisfied.
A want, on the other hand, is a desire for something that is not essential for survival. For example, a consumer may want a luxury car or designer clothing.
These wants are considered to be psychological and are influenced by factors such as personal values, beliefs, and experiences.
Additionally, businesses can use marketing and advertising techniques to create new wants and needs among consumers.
For instance, by highlighting the benefits of a product or service, a business can create a perceived need or want among consumers that did not previously exist.
Therefore, it is important for businesses to continuously research and understand consumer needs and wants in order to stay competitive and meet the evolving needs of their target market.
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The capital value (present sale value) cv of property that can be rented on a perpetual basis for r dollars annually is given by
The capital value of the property in dollars is CV=∫∞11000e−t dt., So the capital value of the property is roughly $183,333.33.
What is capital value?Capital value of land is the sum of the unimproved value of the land and the estimated replacement cost of improvements to the land after taking into account obsolescence, physical depreciation, and sunk costs. However, where the capital value of land cannot be determined on this basis, the capital value of such land shall be the sum of the unimproved value of the land and the estimated replacement cost of improvements to the land. Charges and levies of stock exchanges, National Clearing Company Limited, CDC fees, Capital Value Tax, Laga, Scheme's dividend/redemption of units transfer fees as payable to bank at time of fund transfer to Unit Holder, and such other levies.
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One of the main reasons countries join together in a common market is to allow workers to move freely across
borders
-True
-False
Answer:
Here is the ans.
Explanation:
The statement is true.
which of these actions would most likely decrease a person’s net worth for at least the next 6 months?
The cash (asset) column lowers when an expense being recorded concurrently with cash payment, but the expense's cost decreases the retained profits account.
What does an earnings report contain?A quarterly quarterly results is what?Every three months, public firms are required to submit quarterly earnings reports outlining their most latest financial performance.Net income, profits per share, profit through operating income, and net sales are all included in quarterly earnings reports.
How would you define income?Simply put, a cash flow are its profits. The profits of a corporation are calculated by deducting all production expenses from the revenue from sales of that product. Of course, accounting is quite specific.
Which of these behaviors is most likely to result in a decline in someone's net worth over the following at least six months?
A) Taking on debt with a high APR
B) Adding to your resources
C) Increasing sales
D) No of the preceding
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drag the item from the item Bank to its corresponding match this is a book listening words or other linguistic items in a particular category for subject with specialized information about them
The process of categorizing words for listening books or other linguistic items is known as taxonomy. Taxonomy is a system of classifying items into specific categories based on their common characteristics.
Taxonomy is used to organize and structure knowledge in a way that is easily understood and accessible. In the case of book listening words or other linguistic items, taxonomy involves classifying them into categories according to their meaning, origin, or purpose. For example, items can be categorized based on their purpose, such as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, etc. They can also be classified based on origin, such as items originally spoken in a certain language or items originating from a certain region.
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What are the trends that affect changes in an organization?
The trends that affect changes in an organization are: Economic Conditions, Technological Advancements, Social and Cultural Changes, Government Regulations, Competitor Activity.
What is organization?
Organizations are groups of people working together to achieve a common purpose. They are typically structured in a hierarchical manner, with each individual or group within the organization having a specific role to play. Organizations can be formal or informal, public or private, profit or nonprofit, and structured in a variety of ways. They can range from small businesses with a single owner, to massive global corporations with thousands of employees. Organizations can also be defined by their mission, goals, values, and culture. Organizations are vital to the functioning of modern society, and they are constantly evolving to meet the changing needs of our world.
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Assume there are external benefits associated with the production of Good X. Without government regulation, the market will: produce too much of Good X. produce too much of Good X. price Good X less than the marginal social cost. price Good X less than the marginal social cost. produce too little of Good X. produce too little of Good X. price Good X greater than the marginal cost. price Good X greater than the marginal cost.
Answer:
produce too little of Good X. produce too little of Good X.
Explanation:
A good has positive externality if the benefits to third parties not involved in production is greater than the cost. an example of an activity that generates positive externality is research and development. Due to the high cost of R & D, they are usually under-produced. Government can encourage the production of activities that generate positive externality by granting subsidies.
A good has negative externality if the costs to third parties not involved in production is greater than the benefits. an example of an activity that generates negative externality is pollution. Pollution can be generated at little or no cost, so they are usually overproduced. Government can discourage the production of activities that generate negative externality by taxation. Taxation increases the cost of production and therefore discourages overproduction. Tax levied on externality is known as Pigouvian tax.
Government can regulate the amount of externality produced by placing an upper limit on the amount of negative externality permissible
In a typical aggregate supply and demand model, Line Y represents ________, while Line Z represents ________.
In a common model of aggregate supply and demand, Line Y denotes long-term aggregate supply, and Line Z, short-term aggregate supply. A real demand model is linked to sales rather than leads.
To determine how much demand model (in dollars) marketing needs to create, you perform a bottom-up calculation where you start with your projected final income and work your way up the ladder. The total amount of a particular commodity or service that is offered to consumers is known as the supply, and it is a fundamental economic notion. Supply can be defined as the quantity offered at a particular price or, if shown on a graph, the quantity offered over a range of prices. If everything else remains the same, the law of supply states that.
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After receiving his retirement pay of ₱20,000,000, John is approached by two banks
offering slightly different deposit products. ABC Bank is offering an interest rate of 7% the interest computed on a simple basis. On the other hand, XYZ Bank offers a lower rate of 6. 5%, compounded annually. If John intends to keep the deposit for the next 13 years, which bank offers the better product? What if he just intends to keep the deposit for 7 years?
If John intends to keep the deposit for 13 years, then XYZ Bank offers a better product because the compound interest rate is higher. On the other hand, if John intends to keep the deposit for 7 years, then ABC Bank offers a better product.
The difference in the interest rate between the two banks is not that big, 0.5%, and the compound interest does not accumulate to a higher amount. For a shorter period, the simple interest rate offered by ABC Bank is therefore more advantageous. This allows interest to accumulate over time and the total amount after 13 years is higher than the simple interest rate amount offered by ABC Bank.
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You have been asked by the CEO of Mountaineer Co. To assist in analyzing product costs. This analysis is used in internal decision making and in reporting to investors. The following Tableau Dashboard provides data needed for the analysis. Prepare an income statement for the company. Note: use cost of goods sold calculated in part 1.
Rent Expense Factory 45,000
Repairs Expense Factory 11. 500
Factory Utilities 9,500
Factory supplies used 14,000
Indirect labor 38,000
Raw Materials Beginning: 60,000
Raw Materials purchases: 140,000
Raw Materials Used: solve for this value
Raw materials ending: 64,000
The raw materials used were $76,000. This Cost of goods sold is calculated by subtracting ending raw materials from the beginning balance and adding purchased raw materials.
In this case, beginning raw materials were $60,000, purchased raw materials were $140,000, and ending raw materials were $64,000. So the raw materials used were $76,000 ($60,000 - $64,000 + $140,000). This value was subsequently added to the price of the goods sold. Total costs were then subtracted from net income to determine the company's net income.
Mountaineer Company Income Statement
Gross income: $500,000
Less: Cost of goods sold: $236,000
Net income: $264,000
Factory rental cost: $45,000
Cost of factory repairs: $11,500
Factory Service: $9,500
Factory material used: $14,000
Indirect labor: $38,000
Raw materials used: $76,000
Total cost: $194,000
Net income: $70,000
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Which of the following is not true when the price of a good or service falls? a. Some new buyers, who are now willing to buy, enter the market. b. The total consumer surplus in the market increases. c. The total value of purchases before and after the price change is the same. d. Buyers who were already buying the good or service are better off.
C. When the cost of a good or service decreases, it is not true that the total value of purchases made before and after the price change is the same.
When Should I Buy and When Should I Sell Stocks?Finding a stock to invest in may be a rewarding and enjoyable process for investors. When you acquire a stock that rises in value, it can also be highly profitable. But when is the ideal moment to purchase stocks?
The biggest market movements for day traders occur during the opening hour of every trading day. But there are a lot of other things to take into account when timing a stock buy. The following five suggestions will help you decide when to buy stocks so that you have a decent chance of success.
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How will a service provider ensure security when they are migrating the services to a cloud?
One of the ways to improve data security during the cloud migration process is by limiting end-user access to data.
What are the step of secure migration?Understand the Shared Responsibility Model: Cloud providers operate under a shared responsibility model. In order to ensure that your migration is secure, you need to understand the aspects you are responsible for in this model.Consider a Phased Migration: Transferring your data in a phased migration can benefit security by allowing your team to develop familiarity with cloud systems. By starting with low priority data, you are able to unload some of your storage resources with controlled risk. You can test your configuration and identify any bugs or gaps in security before transferring higher priority or confidential data.Understand Compliance Requirements: When migrating to the cloud, you need to know what regulatory requirements, if any, apply to your data. This is especially important if you are part of a highly regulated industry, like healthcare or commerce. You should determine how to meet requirements for storage, encryption, and backup, as well as transfer.Encrypt Your Data:When migrating to the cloud, your data needs to be encrypted both at-rest and in-transit. Data is most vulnerable when exposed to the Internet, so make sure to use secure transport protocols (like HTTPS) during any data transfers.
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What is a free enterprise economic system?
A free enterprise economic system is an economic system in which businesses and industries are privately owned and operate in a competitive market without government interference.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a free enterprise economic system? Advantages of a free enterprise economic system include the ability for businesses to operate with minimal government interference, providing more opportunities for entrepreneurs to innovate, compete, and find success. This economic system also allows individuals to pursue their own economic goals, since there is no central plan.The free enterprise system also encourages investment, as businesses can be started with private capital and the profits can be reinvested or used to fund new projects. This encourages a cycle of economic growth and stability.Disadvantages of a free enterprise system include the potential for inequality and monopolies. Without government regulations, businesses may be able to take advantage of consumers or workers, leading to a lack of social justice. Additionally, without government intervention, large companies may be able to dominate the market, resulting in unfair competition and prices. Finally, failure to regulate the economy can lead to increased economic volatility, as there is no central plan to address changing economic conditions.To learn more about economic system refer to:
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What additional data could be obtained either internally (from other data sources at LendingClub) or externally (from other businesses or sources) that would help you predict which loans will be rejected?
When deciding whether to approve you for a loan and what rate of interest to charge you, lenders look at both your credit ratings and the details on your credit report.
Which four loan types are there?Personal loans, auto loans, college loans, mortgages, home equity borrowing loans, debt consolidation loans, and payday loans are the eight distinct loan kinds you should be aware of.
What is a loan used for primarily?Debt consolidation One of the popular reasons for taking out a personal loan is to consolidate debt. A 2022 LendingTree analysis found that among people with excellent credit, debt consolidation constituted the most common justification for personal loan applications.
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For stability and economic reasons, we operate the transmission line with power angle in the range of:
The load, torque, or power angle is the name given to this lagging angle. " stands for it. The maximum torque angle required for stable functioning is 90°, or 0° to 90°.
What does a transmission line power angle mean?The power angle is the angular relationship between the internal and terminal voltages of a generator or the voltages at the source and load points of an electrical transmission line.
What does the power angle mean and why does it matter in the power system?When the power angle of a synchronous machine is changed, the Power Angle Curve provides information about its electrical power output. As we climb from 0 to 90°, the output grows sinusoidally, as can be seen from this chart. But a power angle that is more than 90 degrees.
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eorge and Miguel want to know more about their local and online competitors and about the retail industry. What is the best way for them to find all of this information
The best way for George and Miguel to find all of this information is To identify trade associations, directories of regional and international rivals, and any financial data, search online.
Give a brief account on trade associations.An organisation created and supported by companies that work in a particular industry is known as a trade association, sometimes known as an industry trade group, business association, sector association, or industry body. A trade association for a particular industry engages in public relations operations like advertising, education, publishing, lobbying, and political contributions, but its main objective is to foster cooperation among businesses. Associations may provide other services, such as organising conferences, hosting social gatherings or fundraising activities, or providing classes or educational resources. Numerous associations are non-profit institutions run by officers who are also members, who are bound by their bylaws. Employers' organisations, which also participate in social dialogue, frequently fill the position of trade associations in nations with a social market economy.
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Joanne runs a company that produces mattresses. Her fixed costs include electricity and labor. She recently increased the capacity of production, which increased these fixed costs. What has Joanne done to the production of her company?
Joanne has ____ the production.
Answer:
not sure but increased seems right
Explanation:
Because she increased the capacity of production which increased these fixed cost, then, she has decreased expected profit of the production.
What does increased Fixed cost do?In production, any increase in fixed cost will increase total cost and will impct on level of profit which will decrease.
In conclusion, as she increased the capacity of production which increased these fixed cost, then, she has decreased expected profit of the production.
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Place the following effects of a long-run binding price ceiling in the order they will occur. Start by clicking the first item in the sequence or dragging it here Drag the items below into the box above in the correct order, starting with the first item in the sequence. O A binding price ceiling is imposed, forcing the open-market price below the natural equilibrium point. O Quantity demanded increases, while quantity supplied decreases. O The shortage becomes so acute that consumers will choose substitutes. O The market is at natural equilibrium where the supply and demand curves cross. O Consumers see they can save on each unit, while producers realize they will earn less.
I
The graph below shows a price ceiling that is binding in both the long and short terms. As can be seen, the binding price ceiling causes a scarcity that is longer-lasting than it is momentary. The establishment of a black market is another consequence of fixed price limitations. the cost of the item in
The supply and s demand curvecross at equilibrium on a graph of the two curves. At this time, the amount that consumers and companies are willing to buy matches the quantity that producers are willing to supply. By excluding individuals who are solely interested in acquiring the item at a lower price than the market would otherwise allow, establishing a contractual price floor causes an unbalanced market. Thus, a surplus is produced.
When the government imposes a necessary price on an item or group of goods at a price higher than equilibrium, some report the price as a binding price floor.
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