As described in the second federal Indian policy lecture, John Collier was the head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs during the Indian New Deal.
The Indian New Deal was a series of programs and reforms introduced by the United States federal government to provide greater autonomy and rights to Native American tribes during the Great Depression. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was the centerpiece of the Indian New Deal.
The Act aimed to reverse the assimilationist policies of the Dawes Act of 1887, which aimed to break up the reservation system, promote private property ownership and assimilation into American society.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is a United States federal agency tasked with managing and administering the federal government's dealings with Native American tribes. The BIA oversees Indian reservations and manages trust lands for Native American tribes.
The BIA is responsible for administering Indian programs such as disaster relief, housing improvement, and social services
John Collier was an American social reformer and Native American advocate who was appointed as Commissioner of Indian Affairs by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. Collier is best known for his work on the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which was a central piece of the Indian New Deal.
Collier argued for a "New Deal for Indians" that would promote Indian self-government and cultural preservation over forced assimilation. As head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Collier helped usher in an era of reform in Indian policy that aimed to reverse the effects of the Dawes Act of 1887.
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Which data set has the greatest spread for the middle 50% of its data?
Answer:
The first data set has the wider spread for the middle 50% of the data. The IQR for the first data set is greater than the IQR for the second set. This means that there is more variability in the middle 50% of the first data set.
Why was Vicksburg an important city for the Union to control?
Answer:
Vicksburg's strategic location on the Mississippi River made it a critical win for both the Union and the Confederacy. The Union's capture of the Mississippi River at Vicksburg was a major turning point in the Civil War. By seizing Vicksburg and shutting off the Confederate army's access to the Mississippi River, the Union effectively split the Confederacy in two and severely weakened its capacity to continue the war.
Explanation:
I need a list of all of the Aztec gods and goddess
The Aztecs had a large pantheon of gods and goddesses. Here is a list of some of the most significant Aztec gods and goddesses Huitzilopochtli, Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, Mictlantecuhtli, Chalchiuhtlicue etc.
Here is a list of some of the most significant Aztec gods and goddesses:
1. Huitzilopochtli: He was the god of sun and war, who demanded human sacrifice.
2. Tezcatlipoca: He was the god of magic, strife, and sorcery. He was also the god of the night sky and the north.
3. Tlaloc: He was the god of rain, thunder, and lightning.
4. Xipe Totec: He was the god of fertility, agriculture, and the seasons.
5. Xochiquetzal: She was the goddess of love, beauty, and sexuality.
6. Quetzalcoatl: He was the god of learning, arts, crafts, and knowledge.
7. Tonatiuh: He was the god of the sun, who demanded human sacrifice.
8. Coatlicue: She was the mother goddess, who represented fertility and the earth.
9. Mictlantecuhtli: He was the god of the underworld, who ruled over the dead.
10. Chalchiuhtlicue: She was the goddess of water, rivers, lakes, and oceans.
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in the seventeenth century, widespread political participation of males in new england town meetings led to
Answer:
a unique form of democratic governance. These town meetings, open to all male landowners, provided a space for citizens to discuss and vote on local issues, from road maintenance to taxes. This system allowed for a level of direct democracy that was rare at the time, and helped shape American political culture. However, it's important to note that this participation was limited to white males who owned property, and excluded women, people of color, and those without land ownership. Despite its limitations, the New England town meeting model continues to influence modern-day democracy in the United States.Explanation:
Study Source B and C. How useful are Sources B and C to a historian studying America and the Korean War? Explain your answer by using Source B and C and your contextual knowledge (12 marks) The Target is for you to show your comprehension (understanding) and ability to compare two sources. Analyse what the content of both sources and explain how useful they are using your own knowledge to test whether it is accurate Evaluate the provenances to show how useful they are. Explain how useful both sources are together in addressing the question. Source B more reliabiliy Adapted from a secret report by John Paton, kw Davies to the US government, January 1951. He was one of the first American representatives working in Communist China. Our armed forces are tied down in Korea by our policy. Communist China may soon invade could cause problems Taiwan leading to conflict with the United States. They may also help the Viet Minh to expel the French from Vietnam. Our involvement in the Far East worries the Europeans who are terrified by conflict with China. More US involvement in the Far East would also allow the USSR to expand their power in Europe Source C, A cartoon published in 1952 in an American newspaper commenting on the casualties of the Korean war. The figure represents the God of War
The information in sources B and C about the US viewpoint on the Korean War is helpful but constrained. Together, they offer a more thorough knowledge of the political, strategic, social, and cultural facets of the battle.
What exactly does the Treaty of Versailles entail?A peace agreement known as the Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, between Imperial Germany and the Allies. With the signing of the treaty, World War I came to a conclusion and put an end to the state of war that had existed between Germany and the Allies since 1914.
What were some of Treaty of Versailles Class 9's key characteristics?Germany was compelled by the treaty to give up colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific as well as to transfer territory to countries like France and Poland.
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Which of the following is a tool of the
monetary policy?
A. increase in the minimum wage
B. decrease in foreign trade
C. impact the money supply
Impact the money supply is a tool of the monetary policy. Option C
What is monetary policy all about?Monetary policy is the process by which a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve in the United States, manages the supply and demand of money in the economy to achieve certain macroeconomic goals, such as price stability and full employment.
One of the key tools of monetary policy is adjusting the money supply through measures such as open market operations (buying or selling government securities to influence the amount of money in circulation), changing the reserve requirement (the amount of money banks are required to hold in reserve), and adjusting the discount rate (the interest rate at which banks can borrow money from the central bank).
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in addition to vietnam, where else did president johnson send u.s. forces in the spring of 1965?
In the Spring of 1965, President Johnson sent U.S. forces to Thailand, the Philippines, and Okinawa, in addition to Vietnam.
Following the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964, President Lyndon Johnson sent U.S. forces to Vietnam to combat the spread of communism. By Spring of 1965, U.S. forces had been deployed to Thailand, the Philippines, and Okinawa, in addition to Vietnam.
These deployments marked the beginning of the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
In August 1964, two of the U.S. destroyers stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin in Vietnam radioed that they had been fired upon by North Vietnamese forces.
In response to these incidents, President Lyndon B. Johnson seeked permission from the U.S. Congress to increase the U.S. military presence in Indochina.
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what were the patterns of Latin American society for most people in the decades after independence??
Please answer!! Will give brainliest!!
Explanation:
The independence of Latin American after three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese American
before the political turmoil in which the play oedipus tyrannus was produced, athens experienced what historians refer to as
Before the political turmoil in which the play Oedipus Tyrannus was produced, Athens experienced what historians refer to as the "Golden Age of Athens." This period, from 479 BCE to 431 BCE, was a time of immense prosperity for the city-state.
During this period, Athens achieved a number of impressive feats, including the expansion of its empire, the strengthening of its navy, and the development of its cultural institutions, such as the Academy and the Parthenon. This period is widely considered to be the zenith of Athenian civilization.
1. Before the production of Oedipus Tyrannus, Athens experienced the "Golden Age of Athens."
2. This period was from 479 BCE to 431 BCE.
3. During this period, Athens expanded its empire, strengthened its navy, and developed its cultural institutions.
4. This period is widely considered to be the zenith of Athenian civilization.
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Which was not a consequence of the Protestant Reformation?
O the rise of nation-states
Obelief in predestination
O decline in literacy
Owars of religion
Answer:
The decline in literacy was not a consequence of the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation led to the rise of nation-states, belief in predestination, and wars of religion
9. analyze interactions among events in what way did the meetings at mount vernon in 1785, annapolis in 1786, and philadelphia in 1787 lead to the writing of the u.s. constitution?
The meetings at Mount Vernon in 1785, Annapolis in 1786, and Philadelphia in 1787 contributed to the creation of the United States Constitution in a variety of ways.
The most significant contributions of these meetings are detailed below:
Mount Vernon Meeting of 1785:
This meeting between Virginia and Maryland officials was designed to resolve disputes regarding navigation on the Potomac River. It was instrumental in establishing greater cooperation between the two states, laying the groundwork for future inter-state interactions.
Annapolis Meeting of 1786:This convention, which was attended by only five states, was held to discuss commercial relations between the states. It catalyzed the creation of the Philadelphia convention, which led to the creation of the United States Constitution.
Philadelphia Convention of 1787:The Philadelphia Convention was a three-month-long event in which delegates from all thirteen states met to discuss the need for a new national government.
The Constitution was written at this convention, and it set the framework for the United States federal system of government, with three branches of government, a bicameral legislature, and a system of checks and balances to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.
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significant public protests in favor of democracy occurred in 1989 in both east germany and china. what was the result of these protests? group of answer choices
Answer:c
Explanation:
the two men who served as key community leaders in the mid-5th century b.c. were and .
Answer:B
Explanation:
I took the same test
the scientists replaced blind faith with . who demolished the edifice of human knowledge and start new?
The phrase that best completes the given statement is "reason and experimentation." Scientists replaced blind faith with reason and experimentation. Those who demolished the edifice of human knowledge and started anew are known as Renaissance thinkers.
They found that they were limited in their thoughts and that the world around them was a mysterious, unexplored area waiting to be uncovered and understood. The Renaissance began in Italy during the late Middle Ages and lasted until the early 17th century.
It was a time of unprecedented cultural, political, and technological advancement. Renaissance thinkers are credited with developing the scientific method and laying the foundation for modern science.
They believed that knowledge could be obtained through observation, experimentation, and reasoning, rather than relying solely on tradition or religious texts. They discovered that the world around them was a mysterious, unexplored area waiting to be uncovered and understood.
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the new york magdalen society blamed prostitution on the brutality and lust of men. group of answer choices true false
The statement "The New York Magdalen Society blamed prostitution on the brutality and lust of men" is true.
What is the New York Magdalen Society?The New York Magdalen Society is an organization in the United States that helps women who have been involved in prostitution. The organization was founded in 1830 and still exists today. The society's primary goal is to assist women who have left prostitution and assist them in finding other means of supporting themselves.
What is prostitution?Prostitution is the act of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for money or other compensation. People who engage in this kind of activity are often referred to as prostitutes or sex workers. Many societies have prohibited prostitution because of religious or moral objections, as well as concerns about public health and safety.
However, prostitution still occurs in many parts of the world.
What does it mean to blame prostitution on the brutality and lust of men?This means that the New York Magdalen Society believes that men are responsible for prostitution. Specifically, they believe that men's tendency to be brutal and lustful drives women into prostitution. According to this argument, women are forced to engage in prostitution because men demand it, and they have no other means of supporting themselves.
This argument has been used to justify the criminalization of prostitution, as well as the creation of programs designed to help women leave prostitution and find other work.
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the class of noble lanowners who dominated roman society and politics during the royal period were known as
The class of noble landowners who dominated Roman society and politics during the royal period were known as patricians.
Patricians were members of the upper class in Rome, who inherited their status and held significant social and political power. They were wealthy and influential members of the Senate and held the majority of the most important religious and military positions.
Patricians were usually members of old and established aristocratic families, and had exclusive access to certain privileges, such as owning land and being eligible for high-ranking public offices. In addition to their wealth, they enjoyed special legal protections and were exempt from certain taxes.
The status of patrician was often passed down through generations, and it was very difficult for those from outside the elite to gain membership.
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9. Answer the following questions based on the sentence below.
In 1831, John Marshall ruled The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was
unconstitutional and the Cherokee should not be forced to leave their land.
Who? John Marshall
(did) What?
When?
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) saw Chief Justice John Marshall find that Native tribes lacked standing in court because they were dependent groups. The Court lacked the power to exempt the Cherokees from Georgia law as a result.
why the Native Removal Act's existence violated the Constitution?The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was erroneous for a variety of reasons. By virtue of the Act, Jackson was forbidden from displacing Native Americans without a signed treaty. In a campaign that became known as the Trail of Tears, Jackson used the military to remove them forcibly.
What happened as a result of the 1830 Indian Removal Act being passed?In "Indian Territory," which ultimately became the state of Oklahoma, about 46,000 Native Americans were coerced to abandon their villages, sometimes by American military forces. Due to disease, starvation, and exposure to inclement weather, about 4,000 individuals died while on the walk.
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who was president of the united states when south carolina seceded from the union?
The President of the United States when South Carolina seceded from the Union was James Buchanan.
James Buchanan served as the 15th President of the United States from 1857 to 1861, preceding Abraham Lincoln. During his presidency, tensions between the North and South over issues such as slavery and states' rights continued to escalate. When South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860, Buchanan was still in office.
Despite his attempts to preserve the Union, he ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of the Civil War, which began just a few months after he left office. Buchanan is often criticized for his handling of the secession crisis, as he did not take decisive action to prevent it and instead favored a more conciliatory approach that ultimately proved ineffective.
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President Harry Truman’s decision to use atomic bomb s against Japan was primarily based on his belief that..
A. Germany would refuse to surrender in Europe
B. An invasion of Japan would result in excessive casualties
C. Japan was in the process of developing its own atomic weapons
D. an alliance was developing between Japan and the Soviet Union
President Harry Truman's decision to use atomic bombs against Japan was primarily based on his belief that an invasion of Japan would result in excessive casualties.
What is invasion?Invasion refers to the act of forcefully entering or occupying a territory or space that belongs to another group or entity. It can involve the use of military force, but it can also involve other forms of coercion such as economic or political pressure. Invasions can have significant impacts on the invaded territory and its people, often leading to violence, displacement, and destruction of infrastructure and resources. They can also have long-term geopolitical consequences, such as changes in borders, power dynamics, and alliances between nations. In some cases, invasions may be motivated by a desire for resources or territory, while in other cases they may be driven by ideological or strategic goals.
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Japan’s leaders wanted the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor to cripple the U.S. Navy’s Pacific Fleet and keep it from interfering with Japan’s advance in the Pacific. Did the attack succeed in this goal? Support your answer with evidence from this interactivity and your reading.
Since it was the first and only foreign attack on US soil at the time, the attack had a significant negative impact on the US military's morale. However, it was unsuccessful in crippling US forces.
Did the attack achieve this objective?This is primarily due to the fact that prior to the start of the attack, the majority of important naval vessels, including aircraft carriers, had left the Pearl Harbor. Therefore, the fleet's most important ships were unharmed and we were not sunk or damaged during the attack.
In addition, the United States was significantly ahead of the Japanese in terms of technology and economy even by 1941. Therefore, the Japanese made a strategic error by involving the United States directly against the Japanese empire.
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during the gupta rule how did india make advances in art science and mathematics including our modern system of numerals
Gupta Empire ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent from the 4th to 6th centuries CE.
The Gupta rule is often referred to as the "Golden Age" of India due to the many advances made in art, science, and mathematics during this time. Some of the key achievements of the Gupta period include:
Mathematics: The Gupta period is known for the development of the decimal system of numerals, including the concept of zero. This system is the basis for our modern numbering system and is used in mathematics and science around the world.Science: Gupta-era scientists made significant advances in astronomy, including the calculation of the length of a year to within a few minutes of the modern value. They also developed a sophisticated understanding of medicine and surgery, including techniques for performing complex surgeries such as cataract removal.Art and architecture: The Gupta period is known for its stunning sculptures and architecture, including the famous rock-cut temples at Ellora and Ajanta. Gupta-era artists also developed a new style of painting, characterized by vibrant colors and intricate details.Literature: The Gupta period is considered a "golden age" of Indian literature, with significant works produced in a variety of genres including poetry, drama, and philosophy. One of the most famous works from this period is the Kama Sutra, a treatise on love and sexuality that is still widely read today.Overall, the Gupta rule was a time of great intellectual and cultural flourishing, with advances made in many fields that continue to influence our modern world.
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When slaves revolted, they were often granted freedom. True or False
Answer:
False.
While there have been some cases in history where slaves were granted freedom after revolting, it was not a common occurrence. In most cases, slave revolts were met with violent repression by those in power, and the slaves involved were often punished or killed.
Even when slaves were granted freedom, it was usually not a result of a revolt, but rather the actions of abolitionists or political leaders who recognized the injustice of slavery and worked to end it through legal means.
According to Belshaw, the badness of premature death is different from that of a mearly finite life in:
According to Belshaw, the badness of premature death is different from that of a mearly finite life in terms of the experiences and opportunities that are lost in the former.
How is premature death different according to Belshaw?Matthew Belsha contends that the badness of premature death is not only due to the fact that it cuts short one's life, but also because it deprives them of the goods and experiences they would have had if they had lived longer. In other words, it is not just the duration of life that matters, but also the quality of life and the opportunities that one misses out on due to premature death.
On the other hand, a merely finite life is not inherently bad. Belshaw argues that our lives have intrinsic value, and that even if they are finite, they can still be good and fulfilling. The finitude of life can actually make it more valuable, as it forces us to prioritize and make the most of our time.
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why was the conversion of britain to christianity significant for western europe in the early middle ages?
The conversion of Britain to Christianity in the early Middle Ages was significant for Western Europe because it provided a unifying force in the region, helping to spread culture, religion, and laws across borders.
This was especially important since it created a common faith in a time when Europe was fragmented and there was no one dominant power. Christianity was an essential element in the development of modern Western Europe and provided a spiritual unity that transcended political boundaries.
It was responsible for the development of universities and religious institutions, as well as for the spread of philosophy and literature.
Furthermore, the conversion of Britain to Christianity provided the moral and ethical code for Western society, which helped to establish strong laws, justice, and security.
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what is the main idea of this passage from aeropagitica? identify at least two supporting arguments milton uses in the text
The main idea of this passage from Aeropagitica is that censorship is not an effective means of controlling ideas and opinions. Two supporting arguments Milton uses in the text are that censorship only suppresses truth and hinders intellectual growth, and that the individual should have the freedom to seek out knowledge and truth on their own without restriction.
What is Aeropagitica?Aeropagitica is a speech by John Milton that is regarded as one of the most influential defenses of free speech and freedom of the press ever written. In this speech, Milton argues against the Licensing Order of 1643, which required authors to obtain a license from the government before their works could be printed or published.
What is the main idea of this passage from Aeropagitica?The main idea of this passage from Aeropagitica is that censorship is not an effective means of controlling ideas and opinions. Milton argues that censorship only suppresses truth and hinders intellectual growth. He believes that the individual should have the freedom to seek out knowledge and truth on their own without restriction.
This passage is a call to action for the government to lift its restrictions on the freedom of speech and the press. Milton believes that by doing so, the government will enable the spread of knowledge and the advancement of society.
Two supporting arguments Milton uses in the text are:
The first supporting argument that Milton uses is that censorship only suppresses truth and hinders intellectual growth. He argues that censorship is counterproductive because it prevents the public from being able to access a diversity of viewpoints and opinions. When the government decides what is allowed to be published, it effectively shuts down the marketplace of ideas and prevents the public from being able to make informed decisions.The second supporting argument that Milton uses is that the individual should have the freedom to seek out knowledge and truth on their own without restriction. He believes that people have the right to read what they want, write what they want, and discuss what they want without fear of retribution.Milton argues that by restricting speech and the press, the government is essentially acting as a parent or a teacher and infantilizing the public. Instead, he believes that the public should be treated as adults and allowed to make their own decisions about what they read and what they believe.
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How did the Treaty of Versailles lead to World War 2?
- Make an introduction paragraph
- body paragraph
Read checklist below
Always be wary of monocausal (single-cause) explanations for anything complex. Ever since WW2 and earlier, self-flagellation has been very fashionable in connection with this in Britain and America; and in pop history it is often given as the main or even sole reason for WW2. This is sometimes carried so far that Hitler’s role is not even mentioned, as in this question, for example.
Certainly, the Treaty of Versailles was harsh, but by the mid 1920s some of the most onerous terms had been mitigated. Germany had been admitted to the League of Nations, which ended its international ‘pariah’ status, reparations had been rescheduled and put on a more manageable footing in the Dawes Plan (1924) and Young Plan (1929). The occupation of the Rhineland ended early. These renegotiations were led by Gustav Stresemann, who died in October 1929. However, further negotiations could have been undertaken and would almost certainly have addressed the grievances that affected most ordinary Germans. Such negotiations would of course have presupposed good will on both sides. What was not on the cards was any significant change to Germany’s borders, let alone a wholesale overturning of the post WW1 settlement.
By the late 1920s Germany was enjoying modest prosperity following the stabilization of the currency in 1923–24 and there was apparent political stability. Except for political extremists, most parties were reconciled to living with the Weimar Republic, even if they were not enthusiastic about it. However, this was rapidly destroyed by the Great Crash and the mass unemployment that soon followed. The political extremists flourished, President Hindenburg began meddling in day to day politics, and by dismissing Chancellor Brüning in 1932 he (probably unintentionally) made parliamentary democracy unworkable in Germany, given the level of unemployment and the determination of the Nazis to destroy the republic. (There were over 100 political murders during the general election campaign of July 1932).
With the appointment of Hitler as Chancellor, Germany embarked on a policy of massive rearmament and boundless expansion. It was this policy, which went way beyond redressing the wrongs of Versailles, that led to WW2.
the eisenhower administration transformed the american landscape forever by group of answer choices maintaining national parks, funding highway construction that helped the suburbs spread. providing low-interest loans to home buyers. strengthening national defense.
The correct answer is option B. The Eisenhower administration transformed the american landscape forever by funding highway construction that helped the suburbs spread.
The Eisenhower Administration altered the American landscape forever by subsidising highway building that helped the suburbs spread.
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, which provided federal funds to build more than 41,000 miles of roadways across the United States, was passed during the 1950s thanks to the Eisenhower Administration.
People were able to relocate from cities to suburbs thanks to the extensive federal highway system that connected them. As a result, Americans began to live in the suburbs rather than the city, creating an altogether new way of life in the country.
This significant alteration to the American environment had a long-lasting effect that can still be seen today, and it also ushered in an era of consumerism and economic growth.
Complete Question:
The eisenhower administration transformed the american landscape forever by
Group of answer choices
A. maintaining national parks.
B. funding highway construction that helped the suburbs spread.
C. providing low-interest loans to home buyers.
D. strengthening national defense.
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what happened to the city of sarajevo from 1992-1995? how many people were killed in the city during these years?
The Siege of Sarajevo resulted in over 11,000 people killed, of which 1,600 were just children. Between 1992-1995, the citizens of Sarajevo were subjected to daily shelling and sniper attacks, cut off from the rest of the world
I’ll put the pictures in can y’all do the paragraph ?
Answer: Here's a CER paragraph with 4 claims about Andrew Jackson as a villain, with supporting evidence and explanations:
Andrew Jackson is often seen as a villain in American history due to his controversial policies and actions. Firstly, his treatment of Native Americans is a clear indication of his villainous nature. Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which forcibly relocated tens of thousands of Native Americans from their ancestral lands, resulting in the infamous Trail of Tears. This caused immense suffering and loss of life for Native American communities, as documented by the National Park Service.
Secondly, Jackson's disregard for the Constitution is another indication of his villainous nature. He vetoed the re-chartering of the Second Bank of the United States in 1832, despite the fact that it was a lawful institution established by Congress. This act of executive overreach undermined the separation of powers, according to the National Constitution Center, and set a dangerous precedent for future presidents.
Thirdly, Jackson's expansion of executive power is another clear indication of his villainous nature. He famously declared, "I am the government," according to the Miller Center, and made it clear that he would use his presidential powers to push through his agenda. This disregard for checks and balances contributed to a concentration of power in the executive branch that many see as undemocratic.
Finally, Jackson's violent temperament and tendency to engage in duels are also evidence of his villainous nature. According to History.com, he engaged in several duels throughout his life, including one in which he killed a man. This shows a willingness to use violence to settle disputes, which is certainly not a trait of a hero.
In conclusion, Jackson's treatment of Native Americans, disregard for the Constitution, expansion of executive power, and violent tendencies are all clear indications of his villainous nature. While he is celebrated by some for his military leadership and populist rhetoric, a closer examination of his actions reveals a darker side to his legacy.
Explanation:
what is professor valenzuela's doctoral thesis about? what happened in nebaj during the spanish conquest of guatemala what happened in nebaj during the guatemalan war for independence what happened in nebaj during the guatemalan civil war
Professor Valenzuela's doctoral thesis is about the historical conflict between the indigenous population and the Spanish conquerors in Nebaj, Guatemala.
During the Spanish conquest of Guatemala, the Spanish forced the indigenous people to convert to Catholicism, imposed taxes, and destroyed local systems of government.
During the Guatemalan War for Independence, a large revolt of Mayan natives against Spanish rule took place in Nebaj.
During the Guatemalan Civil War, the conflict intensified, with major destruction occurring in the region due to heavy bombing.
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