HELP!!! Why was this case important?

Many states in the early 1800s passed laws to protect businesses within their borders. New York gave two men the exclusive right of steamboat navigation on the state's waters. One of the men was Robert Fulton, who invented the steamboat Clermont. Aaron Ogden had a special license from the men to use steamboats on the state's waters. Ogden requested that a local court stop Thomas Gibbons from running his boats, which competed with Ogden's. The court agreed and issued Gibbons an injunction to stop using his boats in New York.


Gibbons appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court. He had permission from Congress to use his steamboats between New Jersey and New York waters. Business that involves more than one state is interstate trade. Congress regulated interstate commerce under the U.S. Constitution. Chief Justice John Marshall presided over the case.


Did Congress have the power to override state laws related to commerce?


Gibbons Argument:


Under the Commerce Clause (Article I, Clause 8), Congress has the right to regulate interstate trade. Transportation over water is an essential part of that trade. Congress has a law regulating coastal trade. Therefore, a state law that interferes with navigation relating to interstate trade conflicts with the Commerce Clause.


Ogden Argument:


The Commerce Clause refers to interstate trade only. The New York law applies only within the borders of New York. New York has rights under the Constitution to make laws to protect its interests within its borders.


Was the New York law that granted exclusive navigation unconstitutional, interfering with federal powers?


Gibbons Argument:


The Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2) states that federal law takes priority over state law. The Commerce Clause includes any activity that affects interstate commerce, including navigation. The New York law prevents navigation of out-of-state traders on its waters. If New York can grant exclusive rights of navigation, it will prevent the flow of trade between states along the coast.


Ogden Argument:


New York is a sovereign state; it has the right to regulate businesses in its state borders, including the granting of special rights of navigation. Commerce is the trade in goods and services. It does not include movement of goods over state water. Navigation is not part of the Commerce Clause, and therefore the states have the right to regulate it.


The Judgment

The Supreme Court unanimously (6–0) ruled in favour of Gibbons and the federal government. The case was important because it established a precedent for Congress to override state law when it conflicts with federal law. It also extended the definition of commerce to include navigation. States could not pass commerce laws in direct conflict with federal law. The case has an economic impact as well because the decision allows the federal government some control over trade within and across state borders.

Answers

Answer 1
The case you're referring to is Gibbons v. Ogden, a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1824. The case was important because it established the principle that Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce and that state laws that interfere with this power are unconstitutional.

The specific issue in the case was whether the State of New York had the power to grant a monopoly on steamboat navigation within its waters, thereby preventing a competitor who had been licensed by the federal government from operating there. Chief Justice John Marshall, writing for a unanimous Court, held that Congress had the power to regulate interstate commerce, including navigation, and that state laws that conflicted with federal laws were invalid.

This decision was significant because it expanded the power of the federal government over the economy and limited the ability of states to regulate commerce within their borders. It also established the principle of federal supremacy over state law, which has been invoked in many other cases involving the relationship between federal and state power.

Related Questions

Which statement describes a cause of the Yom Kippur War of 1973?
A. Egypt wanted to win back territory lost to Israel.

B. Egypt no longer wanted to abide by peace accords.

C. Egypt wanted to leverage control of Israel against Syria.

D. Egypt felt that Israel had violated previous treaties.

Answers

Yom Kippur War, also known as the October War, Ramadan War, or Arab-Israeli, was fought on October 6, 1973, the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur, by Egypt and Syria.

What led to the Yom Kippur War in 1973?

On Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar, on October 6, 1973, Egyptian and Syrian forces launched a coordinated offensive against Israel. Their goal was to retake area Israel had lost during the third Arab-Israeli war, which took place in 1967.

In 1973, what took place on Yom Kippur?

Egypt and Syria invaded Israel on October 6, 1973 in an effort to persuade it to give up the territory it had won in the 1967 Six-Day War. Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar, was the day of the attack.

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Answer:

A. Egypt wanted to win back territory lost to Israel.

Explanation:

I got it right on edmuntum

the spanish-american war: group of answer choices lasted several years. brought the philippines, guam, and puerto rico under u.s. control. was a victory for spain. ended american expansionism.

Answers

The Spanish-American War brought the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under U.S. control. It did not last several years, was a victory for the United States, and did not end American expansionism. Therefore the correct option is option D.

The Spanish-American War occurred from April to August 1898.The Spanish-American War was fought in 1898 between Spain and the United States. As a result, the United States gained control over Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. It was a brief, ten-week war that resulted in the Treaty of Paris being signed.

The treaty ended Spain's colonial rule in the Americas and turned Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines over to the United States. Because of this victory, the United States became a recognized global power. It was the first time that the U.S. had demonstrated its military strength outside of its borders.

The war also contributed to the development of the United States as an imperialist power. The Spanish-American War did not end American expansionism. Therefore the correct option is option D.

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The following question may be like this:

The spanish-american war: group of answer choices

lasted several years. brought the philippines, guam, and puerto rico under u.s. control. was a victory for spain. ended american expansionism.

What are the 4 main social classes found in Ancient China? Put them in order from most
important to least important.

Answers

Answer:

nobles and officials, peasants, artisans and merchants.

Explanation:

Answer:The top class was the emperor and his immediate family. After that came the gentry (officials all the government). Next came the agriculturalists, landlords, farmers and peasants. Then the artisans and merchants.

Explanation:

Alexander worked to tame a horse that even the soldiers could not
tame.

Answers

The statement means that Alexander had a remarkable ability to train and control horses, even those that were considered wild and unmanageable.

What is the taming about?

According to legend, Alexander acquired a horse named Bucephalus that was considered wild and unmanageable. None of the soldiers could ride the horse or get near it without being thrown off or attacked. Alexander saw the horse and noticed that it was not scared of its own shadow, but was simply afraid of its own reflection in a nearby stream.

Therefore, This talent was highly valued in ancient times, as horses were critical in warfare and transportation. It also reflects Alexander's leadership qualities, as he was able to inspire his soldiers and command respect by his ability to handle difficult situations. Overall, the statement highlights Alexander's exceptional skills and his role as a successful military commander.

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Cuban missile crosses cartoon what dose the image represent

Answers

The image from the Cuban Missile Crisis shows that the United States had to deal with their allies arguing and yet the Soviet Union forced its allies to agree with it.

What happened in the Cuban Missile Crisis ?

During the crisis, the United States faced opposition from some of its allies, particularly France, which was critical of the US approach to resolving the crisis. French President Charles de Gaulle, in particular, opposed the US decision to use naval blockades against Cuba, arguing that it could lead to war.

During the crisis, Khrushchev faced pressure from his allies to take a hardline stance against the United States and defend their shared interests. In the end, Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for US assurances not to invade Cuba and the removal of US missiles from Turkey.

Overall, the image from the Cuban Missile Crisis highlights the complex and delicate relationships that both the United States and the Soviet Union had with their allies during the crisis.

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Select the three answer choices that accurately describe the relationship between the U. S. And U. S. S. R. During the Cold War. Responses

The ideological differences between the Communists and Capitalists created constant friction between the two sides
The ideological differences between the Communists and Capitalists created constant friction between the two sides

Competition emerged to gain influence and access to markets and materials in third world counties
Competition emerged to gain influence and access to markets and materials in third world counties

They worked together and prevented any wars from occurring across the globe
They worked together and prevented any wars from occurring across the globe

Both sides went through a period of military build-up to gain armament superiority
Both sides went through a period of military build-up to gain armament superiority

Although both were superpowers, they worked in relative isolation ignoring the other side

Answers

The three Correct answer choices are:  During the Cold War

1)The ideological differences between the Communists and Capitalists created constant friction between the two sides.  

3) Competition emerged to gain influence and access to markets and materials in third world countries.  

7)Both sides went through a period of military build-up to gain armament superiority.

The relationship between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. during the Cold War was characterized by intense rivalry and tension, which lasted from the end of World War II until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

The two nations represented opposite ideological systems, with the U.S. advocating for capitalism and democracy, while the U.S.S.R. promoted communism and state control. This led to a series of political, economic, and military confrontations, including the arms race, the space race, and numerous proxy wars fought in different parts of the world.

Both superpowers were constantly competing for global influence and access to markets and materials, especially in third world countries. The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. also went through a period of military buildup, with both sides striving to achieve armament superiority.

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Select the three answer choices that accurately describe the relationship between the U. S. And U. S. S. R. During the Cold War. Responses

The ideological differences between the Communists and Capitalists created constant friction between the two sidesThe ideological differences between the Communists and Capitalists created constant friction between the two sidesCompetition emerged to gain influence and access to markets and materials in third world countiesCompetition emerged to gain influence and access to markets and materials in third world countiesThey worked together and prevented any wars from occurring across the globeThey worked together and prevented any wars from occurring across the globeBoth sides went through a period of military build-up to gain armament superiorityBoth sides went through a period of military build-up to gain armament superiorityAlthough both were superpowers, they worked in relative isolation ignoring the other side

in what countries did totalitarian governments come to power and what circumstances contributed to the rise of these governments? what type of foreign policy did the us adopt after world war i? what laws were passed by the united states government to support isolationism? what actions did hitler take after he came to power? how did france and england respond? what was the munich agreement or munich pact? what was the result of the battle of britain? what did the nazis do to the jews after taking power? why was it impossible for jews to escape from germany? what was the final solution? what did the united states do after wwii began in europe? how did their position shift from isolationism to full member of the allies? how did the lend lease act help nations at war with the axis powers? what countries benefited from the assistance? how did the germans threaten the lend-lease program? how did the selective service system help the us meet manpower needs? what contributions did women make to the war? how did the war impact the life of different minority groups (women, african americans, mexican americans, indigenous people, japanese americans)? what caused the zoot suit riots in the 1940s? be able to identify and explain the significance of the battles spotlighted during lessons. why did president truman decide to use the atomic bomb on japan?

Answers

Answer: im sorry

Explanation:

To His Royal Highness Prince Albert
This simple narrative is an honest attempt to enlist the sympathies
both of England & America in the sufferings of an oppressed race,
to whom in less enlightened days both England & America were
unjust.
The wrong on England's part has been atoned in a manner worthy
of herself, nor in all her strength & glory, is there any thing that
adds such luster to her name as the position she holds in relation
to human freedom (may America yet emulate her example!)?
The appeal is in greater part as it should be to the writer's own
country, but when fugitives by thousands are crowding British
shores she would enlist for them the sympathy of British hearts.
The author is encouraged by the thought that beneath the royal
insignia of England throbs that woman's & mother's heart. May
she ask that He who is nearest to her would present to her notice
this simple story. Should it win from her compassionate nature,
pitying thoughts for those multitudes of poor outcasts who have
fled for shelter to the shadow of her throne...
1.) What kind of source is this? How do you know?

Answers

Answer:

This appears to be a letter or a written appeal addressed to Prince Albert, possibly by an author or a writer who is seeking sympathy and support for an oppressed race. It is likely a primary source as it is written in first-person and reflects the personal views and opinions of the author.

the american founding fathers, being a part of the european enlightenment, turned for inspiration to the ancient republics of greece and rome. the neoclassical spirit found its expression in which buildings designed by thomas jefferson?

Answers

The Declaration of Independence

both andrew carnegie and john d. rockefeller amassed huge fortunes through vertical integration. question 46 options: true false

Answers

The statement "Both Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller amassed huge fortunes through vertical integration" is TRUE because the company could guarantee the quality of the goods and reduce its costs.

Vertical integration is a business term that refers to a company's control over its entire supply chain, from raw materials to finished goods.

Andrew Carnegie, who was born in 1835 and died in 1919, was a Scottish-American businessman who was one of the most successful steel magnates in American history.

Andrew Carnegie established the Carnegie Steel Company, which became the world's largest steel company at the time. His management innovations enabled him to produce steel more quickly and cheaply than anyone else, making him a very rich man.

John D. Rockefeller, born in 1839 and died in 1937, was a prominent American businessman who was instrumental in the establishment of the petroleum industry in the United States.

Rockefeller co-founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870, which soon became the largest oil refining firm in the world. He expanded the company to encompass every aspect of the oil business, from exploration and production to refining and transportation.

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The Suez Canal was built on the Isthmus of Suez and connected the Sea and the Sea.

Answers

Answer:

confused on what the question is but..

Explanation:

The Suez Canal is a human-made waterway that cuts north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt. The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, making it the shortest maritime route to Asia from Europe. Since its completion in 1869, it has become one of the world's most heavily used shipping lanes.

the british naval blockade of the north sea contributed to______

Answers

The British naval blockade of the north ocean added to significant food apportions in Germany. choice (A) is right.

During WWI, England expected to use areas of strength for its power to starve Germany and Austria-Hungary into convenience. By keeping a blockade of enemy ports it expected to eliminate supplies from the remainder of the world. The consequences of this methodology were puzzling.

Arrangement of Versailles in June 1919. Furnished with goods records, England sea boats spent the contention watching the North Sea, getting and keeping incredible numerous broker boats made sure to clutch cargo set out toward enemy shores. By keeping a blockade of enemy ports it would have jumped at the chance to eliminate supplies from the remainder of the world. Subsequently, choice (A) is right.

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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:

The British naval blockade of the north sea contributed to______.

(A) significant food apportions in Germany

(B) Trench Warder

(C) fire arms and artillery

(D) victory in the war

who became involved in resistance to the townshend acts by writing to newspapers and making and wearing homespun clothing?

Answers

The “Daughters of Liberty”

identify the influential founders who contributed to the federalist papers. correct answer(s) patrick henry press space to open george washington press space to open james madison press space to open john jay

Answers

The Federalist Papers are a collection of essays written by three of America's founding fathers in the late 1700s to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. The authors of the Federalist Papers were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. The correct options are C and D.

What is the Federalist Papers?

The Federalist Papers are a set of 85 essays written between 1787 and 1788 that explained the advantages of the proposed United States Constitution to the American public. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, three influential American politicians and statesmen, authored the essays, and they were released in various New York newspapers under the pseudonym “Publius.”

The primary goal of the Federalist Papers was to convince the public to ratify the Constitution. They were instrumental in influencing New York and Virginia's ratification process, and they continue to be influential in shaping constitutional interpretation and discussions about federalism and democratic theory in the modern era.

James Madison is regarded as the principal author of the Federalist Papers. He wrote the majority of the essays, including many of the most crucial pieces, such as Federalist No. 10, which explored the dangers of factions, and Federalist No. 51, which described how the Constitution's checks and balances would limit the government's power.

Alexander Hamilton wrote around 50 percent of the essays and was instrumental in their publication. He composed many of the papers that dealt with economic issues, such as Federalist No. 12, which discussed the need for a strong central government to regulate commerce, and Federalist No. 15, which argued for the establishment of a national debt. John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, wrote just five essays. However, his contributions were important.

Therefore, the correct options are C and D.

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what article did the united states preemptively honor when it signed into law the emancipation proclamation in 1863?

Answers

The United States preemptively honored Article 4 of the Hague Convention when it signed into law the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863.

What is the Emancipation Proclamation?

The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. On January 1, 1863, this proclamation announced that all slaves in the Confederate States were to be set free. It did not immediately free any slaves because it only applied to the Confederate States, but it did change the course of the Civil War.

Who was the president during the Civil War?

The Emancipation Proclamation was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the Civil War. President Lincoln issued the proclamation as a wartime measure to aid the Union cause. The Emancipation Proclamation had an enormous impact on the Civil War and on slavery.

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What was a mass-produced suburb ? Give an example

Answers

Answer: Levitton - Built in 1947 to 1951

true or false: the influential book the protocols of the elders of zion (1903) is a factual, historically accurate assessment of the jewish plan for world domination.

Answers

The statement "the influential book the protocols of the elders of zion (1903) is a factual, historically accurate assessment of the jewish plan for world domination" is false because it is fabricated text that purports to describe the Jewish plan for world domination.

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion are a fabricated text that was first published in Russia in 1903. The text purports to be a factual account of a Jewish conspiracy to dominate the world. It is widely regarded as a forgery and is not a historically accurate assessment of anything at all. The text has been used by various extremist groups and individuals to promote hatred and violence against Jewish people.

It has also been used as a pretext for a range of anti-Semitic activities, including acts of violence, discrimination, and persecution. In the present day, it is widely recognized that the Protocols of the Elders of Zion are a false text and do not provide an accurate or factual account of anything. They are, instead, a dangerous and hateful piece of propaganda that should be condemned and rejected by all those who value tolerance, diversity, and human rights.

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Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs.
Match the types of fairy tale with their meaning.
animal fairy tales
accumulative fairy tales
realistic fairy tales
use enchantments that often serve as a
plot device and are the source of magical
artifacts
imitate real life and faithfully reproduce all
life as worthwhile
deploy the use of interpretation of nonhuman
things or events in terms of human
characteristics
are repetitive in nature and have one or
two actions or situations repeating several
times throughout the story
magical fairy tales

Answers

The correct matching of the fairy tale types and meanings is given below:

The Fairy Tales and Meanings

animal fairy tales deploy the use of interpretation of nonhuman things or events in terms of human characteristics

accumulative fairy tales are repetitive in nature and have one or two actions or situations repeating several times throughout the story

realistic fairy tales imitate real life and faithfully reproduce all life as worthwhile

magical fairy tales use enchantments that often serve as a plot device and are the source of magical artifacts

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how did president kennedy's flexible response notion of foreign policy impact the containment policy?

Answers

President Kennedy's "Flexible Response" notion of foreign policy impacted the containment policy by broadening it.

Rather than simply containing the spread of Communism by military means, Kennedy advocated for a multifaceted strategy that included diplomatic, economic, and covert actions in addition to the use of military force.


1. President Kennedy sought to broaden the containment policy beyond just relying on military force.

2. He proposed a flexible response strategy that used diplomatic, economic, and covert actions.

3. This was an expansion of the traditional containment policy, and led to a more varied and nuanced approach to countering the spread of Communism.

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briefly explain one significant difference in the responses of herbert hoover and franklin roosevelt to the great depression.

Answers

One key difference in two responses to the Great Depression is that Hoover believed in "rugged individualism" while Roosevelt believed in government intervention to alleviate the economic crisis.  

Hoover believed that the economy would recover naturally if left alone, and that government intervention would only make things worse. Hoover's policies of tax cuts and increasing government spending did little to alleviate the crisis.

Roosevelt, on the other hand, believed in government intervention to stimulate the economy and create jobs. He introduced the New Deal, a series of programs and policies designed to provide relief, recovery, and reform.

The New Deal included public works projects, farm subsidies, and programs to provide direct relief to the unemployed. Roosevelt's policies helped to alleviate the worst effects of the Great Depression and set the stage for economic recovery.

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What was the purpose of the United Nations?
A. to mediate world conflicts
B. to police the building of nuclear weapons
C. to provide armed forces for nations that are attacked
D. to sit judgment on world leaders who break international laws

Answers

Explanation:The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.

Answer:

Explanation: i literally just took this test. the answer should be c it depends on what your taking the test on

Which of the following is the best
definition of a balanced budget?
A. tax revenue is less than government expenditures
B. taxevenue equals government expenditures
C. tax revenue is greater than government expenditures

Answers

Answer:

B. taxevenue equals government expenditures

Explanation:

A balanced budget is a financial plan in which the total amount of money coming into a government (through taxes, fees, and other sources) is equal to the total amount of money being spent by that government. In other words, a balanced budget occurs when a government's revenue (income) matches its expenditures (spending).

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

A balanced budget is a budget in which revenues are equal to expenditures.

Even after segregation became illegal, Black children's contact with white children was limited just to school settings.a. Trueb. False

Answers

The given statement, "Even after segregation became illegal, Black children's contact with white children was limited just to school settings," is true (a) because although segregation was declared illegal, de facto segregation persisted in many areas.

Resulting in limited opportunities for Black children to interact with white children outside of school.

After the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954, which declared segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional, many schools across the United States were desegregated. However, in practice, many areas remained highly segregated, with white families often moving to predominantly white neighborhoods and Black families facing discrimination and limited housing options.

This resulted in de facto segregation, where Black and white children attended different schools, often in different neighborhoods. As a result, Black children's contact with white children was limited to school settings, with few opportunities for social interaction outside of the classroom. This limited contact can have long-lasting effects on social and economic inequality, as research has shown that diverse social networks are important for educational and career opportunities.

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The English government became a military dictatorship under what leader?

Oliver Cromwell
Charles I
James I
William Cecil

Answers

answer :

oliver cromwell

National economy and
energy independence: The
colonized country has
much needed oil reserves.

Answers

The presence of oil reserves in a colonized country can have significant implications for both the national economy and energy independence. However, exploitation by the colonizing power or multinational corporations may not benefit the local population.

What is a study of the national economy?

Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that focuses on how the market, businesses, consumers, and governments all interact to form the economy as a whole. Macroeconomics examines patterns in the economy as a whole, including changes in unemployment, national income, price levels, economic growth rates, and inflation.

What role does energy play in India?

India's energy demand is anticipated to rise faster than its domestic supply, contributing the most (30%) to the increase in global energy demand until 2035. India's development goals depend on energy to build infrastructure and provide electricity to those who don't have it.

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The complete question is: How does the presence of much-needed oil reserves in a colonized country relate to the national economy and energy independence?

cle the correct answer.
7. Why were the battles of Lexington and Concord important?
A. They ended the American Revolution.
B. They were the first battles of the American Revolution.
C. They persuaded most colonists to support independence...
D. They put Washington in command of the army.

Answers

Answer:

B. They were the first battles of the American Revolution.

Explanation:

The battles of Lexington and Concord, which occurred on April 19, 1775, marked the beginning of the American Revolution. These battles were fought between the British Army and the colonial militia, who were determined to protect their arms and ammunition stored in Concord. The battles resulted in the British suffering significant losses as they retreated from Concord back to Boston. The events of Lexington and Concord became a rallying cry for the colonists, who began to unify and mobilize against British rule. Therefore, the battles were critical as they marked the start of the American Revolution and the beginning of a long and challenging struggle for American independence.

Question:
____and a group of charitable investors asked King George I for permission to create a
topian experiment for English citizens imprisoned for debt.

Answers

Answer:

James Oglethorpe

Explanation:

Hope this helps

according to the preamble to the declaration of independence, what is the central purpose of representative government?

Answers

The central purpose of representative government, according to the preamble to the Declaration of Independence, is to secure "certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

This means that governments are responsible for protecting the basic rights and freedoms of their citizens. To accomplish this, governments are established to ensure the fair and just implementation of laws and to ensure that the rights of the people are respected.

The preamble also states that it is the duty of the government to ensure that these rights are preserved and passed onto future generations.

To ensure these rights, governments rely on the people's representatives, elected officials who make decisions on behalf of their constituents.

Representative governments are accountable to the people, which is why it is important to have regular and fair elections.

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what ways were the american revolution, the french revolution, and the 17th-century english revolutions alike?

Answers

Answer:

All three revolutions had a common goal of overthrowing an oppressive government in order to attain freedom and liberty for the people. They also shared similar ideological roots, such as Enlightenment ideologies like natural rights, popular sovereignty, and the rule of law. Finally, all three revolutions resulted in significant social, political, and economic changes in the countries involved.

Explanation:

I hope this is correct

please tell me

the oldest texts in ancient persian dialects show that the aryan peoples who settled on the iranian plateau were related to the

Answers

The oldest texts in ancient Persian dialects show that the Aryan peoples who settled on the Iranian plateau were related to the Indo-European language family.

1. The Iranian plateau is located in Western and Southwestern Asia, and was settled by Aryan peoples between 2000 and 1500 BCE.

2. These Aryan peoples spoke Indo-European languages, a language family that is also known as "Aryan".

3. The oldest texts in ancient Persian dialects, which are written in the Avestan language, confirm the relationship between the Aryan peoples and the Indo-European language family.

4. These texts, which date back to approximately 1000 BCE, indicate that the Aryan peoples were descended from Indo-European language speakers.

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how does the conservation of angular momentum explain the increased speed of a planet in its orbit at perihelion? quizley which of the following are debited from a checking account? multiple choice monthly service charge monthly electronic payment of utilities atm withdrawal returned check fee all are debits what does a treasured scroll often bear that not only identifies its maker but also collectors and admirers of that scroll throughout the centuries? the spot price of an investment asset that provides no income is $30 and the risk-free rate for all maturities (with continuous compounding) is 10%. what is the three-year forward price? $40.50 $22.22 $33.00 $33.16 compared with imperfect price discrimination, deadweight loss under a nondiscriminating monopoly is: The amount A, in milligrams, of a 10-milligram dose of a drug remaining in the body after t hoursis given by the formula A = 10(08)t Find, to the nearest tenth of an hour, how long it takes for halfof the drug dose to be left in the body. a $5000 bond with a coupon rate of 5.7% paid semiannually has ten years to maturity and a yield to maturity of 6.4%. if interest rates fall and the yield to maturity decreases by 0.8%, what will happen to the price of the bond?\ the government sends a $2,000 check to every adult. that is intended to shift aggregate demand to the right, and increase real gdp. true false a characteristic of praise is that it: group of answer choices focuses on the specific. is general and judgmental. fosters self-concept and autonomy. is descriptive and nonjudgmental. yvette is the owner of a restaurant run by a general manager named paul, whom yvette closely supervises. paul recently hired two new dishwashers. unbeknownst to yvette, paul pays them less than the minimum wage because he knows they need the job. the dishwashers eventually obtain legal help and sue paul and yvette for violating minimum wage laws. is yvette criminally liable? no, yvette cannot be held liable because a principal is never liable for an agent's unauthorized crimes. yes, yvette may be held liable for paul's actions if the wage violations are strict liability crimes in this jurisdiction. no, yvette cannot be held liable because she had no knowledge of paul's actions. no, yvette cannot be held liable because she could not have foreseen that paul would pay workers less than the minimum wage. what excites you most and least, or if any, about knowing that crispr technology is going to change the ways plants, animals, and humans are birthed into society? the centripetal force in a collapsing cloud of gas and dust is strongest at the poles question 9 options: true false I need to know the z score of 2,-2 and also the mean and standard deviation if ben continued working until he turned 64, would he be able to claim social security benefits, and if so, what percentage of his full benefit would he receive? Question 29 Which expression represents the distance between points J and K on the number line? What has been the hardest part about completing your schoolwork? if you had a microscope which was capable of doing this, what would the frequency of electromagnetic radiation be, in hertz, that you would have to use? The accompanying table describes results from groups of 10 births from 10 different sets of parents. The random variable x represents the number of girls among 10 children. Use the range rule of thumb to determine whether 1 girl in 10 births is a significantly low number of girls. Good, inexpensive, and fairly reliable predictors of future exchange rates include:A. today's exchange rate.B. current forward exchange rates (e.g. the six-month forward rate is a pretty good predictor of the spot rate that will prevail six months from today).C. esoteric fundamental models that take an econometrician to use and no one can explain.D. both a) and b) The lengt of a rectangle is 8 meters more that the width. If the area of the rectangle is 65 square meters, find the width