how can you explain what you know about the heavily muscled cows with what you have learned about mutations, patterns of inheritance, incomplete dominance, sexaul reproduction, selective breeding and transferring of genetic information?

Myostatin (GDF-8) is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily of secreted growth and differentiation factors that is essential for proper regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice. Here we report the myostatin sequences of nine other vertebrate species and the identification of mutations in the coding sequence of bovine myostatin in two breeds of double-muscled cattle, Belgian Blue and Piedmontese, which are known to have an increase in muscle mass relative to conventional cattle. The Belgian Blue myostatin sequence contains an 11-nucleotide deletion in the third exon which causes a frameshift that eliminates virtually all of the mature, active region of the molecule. The Piedmontese myostatin sequence contains a missense mutation in exon 3, resulting in a substitution of tyrosine for an invariant cysteine in the mature region of the protein. The similarity in phenotypes of double-muscled cattle and myostatin null mice suggests that myostatin performs the same biological function in these two species and is a potentially useful target for genetic manipulation in other farm animals.

The transforming growth factor β superfamily encompasses a large group of secreted growth and differentiation factors that play important roles in regulating development and tissue homeostasis (1). We have recently described a member of this family, myostatin, that is expressed specifically in developing and adult skeletal muscle and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass in mice (2). Myostatin null mice generated by gene targeting show a dramatic and widespread increase in skeletal muscle mass. Individual muscles in myostatin null mice weigh 2- to 3-fold more than those of wild-type mice, primarily due to an increased number of muscle fibers without a corresponding increase in the amount of fat. To pursue potential therapeutic and agricultural applications of increasing muscle mass by inhibition of myostatin activity, we have been characterizing myostatin in animals other than mice. Here we report that the myostatin gene is highly conserved among vertebrate species and that two breeds of cattle that are characterized by increased muscle mass (double muscling), Belgian Blue (3) and Piedmontese (4), have mutations in the myostatin coding sequence. These results demonstrate that the function of myostatin has been highly conserved among vertebrates. hope it helps

Hehe i still need help lol

Lesson 3, Interactions among living things


Be able to define and give an example of each.

1. natural selection

2. adaptations

3. niche

4. competition

5. predation, predator, prey

6. symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism: parasite and host

if we looked at weather balloon data taken at 12:00 noon instead of 12:00 midnight, what do you think we would see in that data?

Look at the picture below and answer the question below, please!


Which of the kingdoms above is Protista?


A) Kingdom 4

B) Kingdom 1

C) Kingdom 2

D) Kingdom 3

could someone help me with these fast

Help if you can please?


Leachate is produced as:


A) Rainwater absorbs water-soluble compounds in layers of trash


B)Toxic waste is emptied into ponds and streams


C) Metal comes into contact with water


D) Plastic flows into ponds and streams

Suppose your cells continue to help heal the scrape that resulted from falling off your bike. What might happen if the cell cycle did not go into a rest phase? Explain.

Identify the primary consumers, tertiary consumers, and secondary consumers in the image attached. Which organism has the greatest population in the presented ecosystem? Which organism would normally have the smallest population?

HELPPPPPPPP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! FAST
Read the following excerpt and answer the question:

Emilie Dressaire, professor at Trinity College (Hartford, CT), and her colleague Marcus Roper (UCLA) discovered that mushrooms create their own microclimates. They create their own moisture through evaporation, which is when a liquid turns into a gas. Heat energy is used in this process, leaving the mushrooms cool and moist.

Use your own words to summarize the effect of thermal energy on a mushroom's environment and how this sustains life. (4 points)

Observe the following protists below. Which statement best compares how a euglena and paramecium obtain food?

Both the euglena and paramecium use flagella to obtain food.


The euglena uses photosynthesis to make its own food and the paramecium uses cilia to sweep food into its oral groove.


The paramecium uses photosynthesis to make its own food and the euglena uses cilia to sweep food into it's oral groove.


The paramecium uses a pseudopod to obtain food while the euglena uses cilia.

South America is also home to some of the driest parts on earth like Lima, Peru. Using your knowledge, describe why there is a tropical rainforest that receives a lot of precipitation and Lima is still extremely dry from the same air mass moving across the continent. This should be multiple sentences. [Word Bank: air mass, humid, elevation, rising, clouds, sinking, rain, dry, wind/air movement]

Which plant part serves as storage for sugars and minerals?
root hairs
leaves
fibrous roots
taproot

What is the best way to "NOT" prevent a viral infection?
а
b
Cleaning wounds
Hygiene
Good eating habits
Vaccines
с
d

Memories of a Memory
Have you ever witnessed something amazing, shocking or surprising and found when describing the event that your story seems to change the more you tell it? Have you ever experienced a time when you couldn't really describe something you saw in a way that others could understand? If so, you may understand why some experts think eyewitness testimony is unreliable as evidence in scientific inquiries and trials. New insights into human memory suggest human memories are really a mixture of many non-factual things.

First, memory is vague. Imagine your room at home or a classroom you see every day. Most likely, you could describe the room very generally. You could name the color of the walls, the floors, the decorations. But the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. Memory tends to save a blurry image of what we have seen rather than specific details. So when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall when faced with several tall people. There are lots of different kinds of "tall."

Second, memory uses general knowledge to fill in gaps. Our brains reconstruct events and scenes when we remember something. To do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. For example, one day at a library you go to quite frequently, you witness an argument between a library patron and one of the librarians. Later, when telling a friend about the event, your brain may remember a familiar librarian behind the desk rather than the actual participant simply because it is recreating a familiar scene. In effect, your brain is combining memories to help you tell the story.

Third, your memory changes over time. It also changes the more you retell the story. Documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. Research has also shown that the more a witness's account is told, the less accurate it is. You may have noticed this yourself. The next time you are retelling a story, notice what you add, or what your brain wants to add, to the account. You may also notice that you drop certain details from previous tellings of the story.

With individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. Did you really break your mother's favorite vase when you were three? Was that really your father throwing rocks into the river with you when you were seven? The human brain may be quite remarkable indeed. When it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture.

Which of the following best explains why memories from childhood are unreliable? (6 points)

Group of answer choices

Our brains add details and general knowledge to childhood memories.

Our brains are not as reliable as video cameras are.

Our brains create new stories to make the past more interesting.

Our brains have less connection to reality than we want to believe.

Describe the three types of mammals. Give examples of each. How is reproduction/offspring different in each?

About Space! Can I please get help, no links or I'll ban your account. What is the life cycle of a star in order. Look at the picture.

please this is a test that i have to pass so i can go to the next grade


Which of the following is NOT a method to manage fisheries for sustainable yield? a. using large mesh nets c. using small mesh nets b. aquaculture d. creating fishing limits

Which of these are present in both woody and herbaceous stems? (Select all that apply.)
rings
seedlings
phloem
xylem

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding versus genetic modification. Why might a person choose to use selective breeding over genetic modification? Why might a person choose to create a GMO over a selectively bred organism? Use three to five sentences to formulate your argument. 100 POINTSSS

In which type of mass movement can soils behave like a liquid and start flowing?

I have a few questions.
If a weather map shows high pressure over west Texas and low pressure over east Texas, what are type of weather will the cities experience?
What are Minute solid or liquid particle upon which water vapor attaches to form a cloud?
Why do tornadic winds spin and rotate as they do?

In peas, the gene for purple flowers is dominant over the gene for white flowers, which is recessive. If two white flowered plants produce six offspring, how many of those offspring will have white flowers?

A. zero
B. two
C. four
D. six

Help me! I don’t want any links

Which example is a biotic factor of an ecosystem?

1.) In your own words, describe the difference between DNA and GENES

2.)in your own, explain the difference between ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION and SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

List two biomes and their features. List the at least three features of each one of your biomes.

In which kingdom would this organism be classified? (the picture below)

A) Protista

B) Plantae

C) Eubacteria

D) Fungi

Of the 8.3 billion metric tons produced, 6.3 billion metric tons have become plastic waste. Of that, only nine percent has been recycled. The vast majority—79 percent—is accumulating in landfills or sloughing off in the natural environment as litter. Meaning: at some point, much of it ends up in the oceans, the final sink. True False

1.) what are some cleaner options to produce energy? How do they work?

2.) what are the effects of air pollution on the environment and people?

A rapidly spreading outbreak of disease affecting widespread regons across the world (ex: smallpos, TB,
certain fiu outbreaks)
A. Pandemic
B. Epidemic
C. Protozoa
D. Bactria