The ICD-10 code for a patient with common bile duct stones presenting for stone removal by ERCP is K83.0. ERCP is an acronym for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and is a procedure that involves the use of an endoscope to examine the ducts of the biliary and pancreatic systems.
In this scenario, a patient presents with common bile duct stones and requires stone removal by ERCP. These stones can cause blockages that lead to discomfort, inflammation, and potentially life-threatening complications, so it is essential that they are removed promptly. The procedure is used to remove the stones, and once this is done, the patient should experience relief from symptoms such as pain and jaundice. Overall, the ICD-10 code K83.0 is used to classify this patient's condition for billing purposes and medical documentation.
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What are therapeutic interventions for a patient having low self-esteem due to hair loss from chemotherapy?
Therapeutic interventions can include psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), support groups, and exploring alternative hairstyles or head coverings.
Hair loss resulting from chemotherapy can have a significant impact on a patient's self-esteem and body image. Therapeutic interventions can help individuals navigate and cope with these challenges. Psychoeducation is an essential component, providing information about the temporary nature of hair loss and reassuring patients that it is a common side effect of chemotherapy.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be beneficial in addressing negative thoughts and emotions related to hair loss. It involves identifying and challenging distorted beliefs about appearance and self-worth, promoting self-acceptance, and developing healthier coping mechanisms.
Support groups offer a space for individuals to share their experiences, express emotions, and gain support from others facing similar challenges. Connecting with others who have gone through or are going through similar experiences can provide validation, empathy, and a sense of belonging.
Exploring alternative hairstyles or head coverings can empower patients to regain a sense of control and maintain their self-esteem. Options such as wigs, scarves, hats, or stylish hair accessories can help individuals feel more comfortable and confident in their appearance during the hair loss period.
Overall, therapeutic interventions for patients with low self-esteem due to hair loss from chemotherapy focus on addressing the emotional impact, enhancing self-esteem, and providing practical coping strategies to support patients through this challenging time.
It is important to tailor interventions to individual needs and preferences, promoting resilience, self-acceptance, and a positive body image.
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In this episode, the student is the head of Information Technology (IT) Services. When student test results for an upstanding member of the community come back as positive for Syphilis, the student is presented with some ethical decision making challenges based on laws requiring that the results be reported to the state Public Health department, versus the ethics of patient/physician confidentiality.
In the given episode, the student is the head of Information Technology (IT) Services and has received the test results of an upstanding member of the community who has been tested positive for Syphilis.
The student is presented with some ethical decision-making challenges based on laws requiring the results to be reported to the state Public Health department versus the ethics of patient/physician confidentiality.Ethics are moral principles and values that govern individual behavior and decision-making.
Therefore, the student should discuss with the patient about the report and explain the consequences of Syphilis. The student can also inform the patient about the legal requirements for reporting the test results to the public health department and seek the patient's permission to report the case. If the patient agrees to report the case, the student can report it to the public health department with keeping in mind patient confidentiality.
In conclusion, the student should make an ethical decision that takes into account both the patient's right to privacy and the need to protect public health by reporting the test results of Syphilis.
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Mr J is 76 YO patient, diabetic. With smoking history. Now is incontinent and some risk for infection. Also has family history of Diabetes Mellitus. Using the Braden Scale, you complete M.J.'s risk assessment with the following scores obtained: sensory perception - 2, moisture - 3, activity - 1, mobility - 1, nutrition - 2, friction and shear - 1. TOTAL SCORE 10 1-What is the risk level to develop pressure Ulcer and mention in a paragraph some risk factors associated with this patient. 6:32 PM
Based on the Braden Scale assessment, Mr. J has a total score of 10, indicating a moderate risk for developing pressure ulcers.
What is pressure ulcer?Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores or pressure sores, are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissue, primarily caused by prolonged pressure on the affected area. Various risk factors contribute to the development of pressure ulcers, and in the case of Mr. J, several factors are worth considering.
Firstly, Mr. J's sensory perception score of 2 suggests impaired sensation, which can make it difficult for him to detect discomfort or pain associated with prolonged pressure. This puts him at a higher risk as he may not be aware when pressure is applied for an extended period, leading to tissue damage.
Secondly, his moisture score of 3 highlights increased moisture levels, which can result from incontinence. Moisture, combined with friction and shear (score of 1), can further damage the skin and increase the risk of pressure ulcers.
Thirdly, Mr. J's activity and mobility scores of 1 indicate limited physical activity and mobility. Reduced movement and prolonged immobility increase pressure on specific areas, making the skin more susceptible to breakdown.
Additionally, his nutrition score of 2 suggests potential nutritional deficiencies, which can impair the body's ability to heal and regenerate damaged skin.
Furthermore, Mr. J's smoking history and family history of Diabetes Mellitus are additional risk factors. Smoking reduces blood flow to the skin and impairs tissue oxygenation, while diabetes can affect blood circulation, impair wound healing, and increase susceptibility to infections.
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A randomized controlled trial is conducted to evaluate the relationship between the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan and cardiovascular death in patients with congestive heart failure (diagnosed as ejection fraction < 30%) who are already being treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a beta blocker. Patients are randomized either to losartan (N=1500) or placebo (N=1400). The results of the study show No cardiovascular death Cardiovascular death Losartan ACE inhibitor beta blocker 300 Placebo + ACE inhibitor + beta blocker 350 Select one: O a. 20 Based on this information, if 200 patients with congestive heart failure and an ejection fraction < 30% were treated with losartan in addition to an ACE inhibitor and a beta blocker, on average, how many cases of cardiovascular death would be prevented? O b. 05 Oc 25 1200 O d. 50 O e. 10 1050
Based on the information provided, treating 200 patients with congestive heart failure and an ejection fraction < 30% with losartan in addition to an ACE inhibitor and a beta blocker would prevent, on average, 10 cases of cardiovascular death.
In the randomized controlled trial, the group treated with losartan had 300 patients and experienced no cardiovascular deaths, while the placebo group had 350 patients and had some cardiovascular deaths. Therefore, the losartan treatment seemed to have a protective effect against cardiovascular death. To determine the average number of cases prevented, we can calculate the difference in cardiovascular death rates between the losartan group and the placebo group: 350 - 300 = 50 cases. Since 200 patients would be treated with losartan, the average number of cases prevented would be 50 * (200 / 1400) = 10 cases.
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Feedback loops will typically help to keep hormones in a O Wide Large O Narrow O None of the answers are correct range.
Feedback loops will typically help to keep hormones in a narrow range. These are a type of regulation system that monitors the output of a process to control the input to the system to keep it within a particular range.
These are present in various processes throughout the body and play a critical role in maintaining the body's homeostasis.
These are critical to hormone regulation in the body.
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands and secreted into the bloodstream to signal other cells.
These chemical messengers must be kept within a particular range to avoid causing damage to the body.
It maintains hormone levels within a narrow range by detecting changes in hormone levels and regulating hormone secretion.
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Feedback loops will typically help to keep hormones in a Narrow range.
Correct answer is Narrow.
A feedback loop is a mechanism that regulates hormone levels.
It involves three components: a hormone, a control center, and a target organ. A hormone, a chemical messenger released by the endocrine system, travels to the control center, which regulates the hormone's level in the blood.The control center, also known as the endocrine gland, receives information from the blood and other organs to determine the hormone's level in the blood. If the hormone levels are too high, the control center sends a message to the target organ, causing it to reduce hormone production.The hormone level in the blood is reduced as a result of this negative feedback loop. If the hormone levels are too low, the control center sends a message to the target organ to increase hormone production. The hormone level in the blood increases as a result of this positive feedback loop.Feedback loops help maintain hormone levels within a narrow range. Hormones must be kept within a narrow range to avoid physiological consequences. When hormone levels deviate too far from the normal range, a variety of illnesses and disorders can arise.
Therefore, feedback loops are critical for maintaining optimal health.
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Find an interesting topic dealing with human factors
and
ergonomics and describe in your words what new
information you found and what you found interesting
One interesting topic in the field of human factors and ergonomics is the impact of workspace design on productivity and well-being.
I came across a study that investigated the effects of different office layouts on employee performance and satisfaction.
The research found that open office layouts, characterized by shared workspaces without physical barriers, have become popular in many organizations.
However, the study highlighted some drawbacks of this design. It revealed that employees working in open offices reported higher levels of noise distractions, interruptions, and reduced privacy compared to those in enclosed offices or cubicles. These factors had a negative impact on their concentration, productivity, and job satisfaction.
Additionally, the study discussed the importance of providing ergonomic workstations that are adjustable and customized to individual needs. It emphasized the significance of ergonomic furniture, such as adjustable chairs and desks, proper lighting, and adequate space for movement, to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort and improve overall well-being.
What I found particularly interesting was the notion of "activity-based working," which is an approach that allows employees to choose different work settings based on the nature of their tasks. This approach promotes flexibility and offers a variety of spaces, such as quiet rooms for focused work, collaborative areas for team discussions, and relaxation zones for breaks.
The study suggested that providing a range of workspaces can enhance employee satisfaction, performance, and creativity.
Overall, this research highlighted the importance of considering human factors and ergonomics in designing workspaces that prioritize employee well-being, productivity, and satisfaction.
It reinforced the idea that a well-designed and ergonomic environment can positively influence employees' physical and mental health, leading to better overall outcomes for both individuals and organizations.
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The contributing factors of "retained surgical item"
(RSIs)? and suggestions to optimization of existing prevention
methods, such as the surgical count?
The contributing factors of "retained surgical item" (RSI) include human error, communication breakdown, distractions, inadequate staffing, fatigue, and lack of standardized protocols.
Other factors can include complex surgical procedures, emergency situations, and equipment malfunctions. These factors can lead to a failure in the surgical count process, which is one of the primary methods used to prevent RSIs. To optimize existing prevention methods such as the surgical count, several suggestions can be implemented. First, enhanced team communication and collaboration are crucial. Implementing standardized protocols, including preoperative briefings and postoperative debriefings, can improve communication and ensure everyone is aware of their responsibilities. Additionally, using technology-assisted systems like radiofrequency identification (RFID) and barcode scanning can enhance the accuracy of the surgical count and reduce human error. Regular training and education on RSI prevention, emphasizing the importance of the surgical count, and creating a culture of safety within the surgical team are also essential.
Furthermore, promoting a supportive and non-punitive environment where healthcare professionals can report near-miss incidents or potential RSI cases without fear of retribution can help identify system gaps and improve prevention strategies. By addressing these factors and implementing these suggestions, healthcare facilities can optimize the existing prevention methods for RSIs, ultimately reducing the occurrence of these preventable surgical errors.
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doxycycline 100 mg ivpb bid. doxycycline powder is supplied in a vial containing 0.1g that is to be reconstituted with 10ml of ns then further diluted to achieve a concentration of 0.5mg/ml. the nurse should administer how many ml per dose?
The nurse should administer 0.5 ml of the reconstituted doxycycline solution per dose to achieve the desired concentration of 0.5mg/ml.
To determine the amount of doxycycline that the nurse should administer per dose, we need to follow the given instructions and calculate the final concentration of the reconstituted solution.
The doxycycline powder vial contains 0.1g of doxycycline. To reconstitute it, 10 ml of normal saline (NS) is added. This means that the final concentration after reconstitution is 0.1g/10 ml, which can be simplified to 10mg/ml.
However, the desired concentration for administration is 0.5mg/ml. Therefore, we need to further dilute the reconstituted solution. We can calculate the dilution ratio as follows:
Desired concentration / Reconstituted concentration = Dilution ratio
0.5mg/ml / 10mg/ml = 0.05
This means that the reconstituted solution needs to be diluted by a factor of 0.05.
To find out how much of the reconstituted solution should be administered per dose, we can multiply the dilution ratio by the volume of the reconstituted solution:
0.05 x 10ml = 0.5ml
Therefore, the nurse should administer 0.5ml of the reconstituted doxycycline solution per dose.
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Prepare a 3 LTPN solution containing 20% dextrose and 4.25% amino acids. How many milliliters of 50% dextrose injection are needed? How many milliliters of 8.5% amino acids injection are needed? H
Preparing a 3 LTPN (lipid-based total parenteral nutrition) solution containing 20% dextrose and 4.25% amino acids, you would need a certain amount of 50% dextrose injection and 8.5% amino acids injection.
Firstly, let's calculate the amount of 50% dextrose injection needed. Since the desired final volume is 3 L, and the concentration of dextrose is 20%, we can use the formula:
Amount of 50% dextrose injection (in mL) = (Final volume (in L) * Desired concentration of dextrose) / Concentration of dextrose in the injection
Plugging in the values, we get:
Amount of 50% dextrose injection = (3 L * 0.20) / 0.50 = 1.2 L = 1200 mL
Therefore, 1200 mL of 50% dextrose injection is needed for the 3 LTPN solution.
Next, let's determine the amount of 8.5% amino acids injection required. Using a similar calculation:
Amount of 8.5% amino acids injection (in mL) = (Final volume (in L) * Desired concentration of amino acids) / Concentration of amino acids in the injection
Substituting the values:
Amount of 8.5% amino acids injection = (3 L * 0.0425) / 0.085 = 1.5 L = 1500 mL
Hence, 1500 mL of 8.5% amino acids injection is needed to prepare the 3 LTPN solution.
In summary, to prepare a 3 LTPN solution with 20% dextrose and 4.25% amino acids, you will require 1200 mL of 50% dextrose injection and 1500 mL of 8.5% amino acids injection. These amounts are calculated based on the desired final volume and the concentrations of dextrose and amino acids in the injections.
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A 72-year-old male patient presents with low back pain. He is pale and tires easily. He states that he just plopped on his favorite chair and got sudden back pain that wraps around his back. His urinalysis reveals negative protein, SSA+2, increased ESR, and rouleaux formation. Which of the following is the most likely differentials? (Pick Two) a. Type II Diabetes b. Vertebral compression fracture c. Prostate cancer d. Large bowel adenocarcinoma e. Acute pancreatitis f. Kidney stone g. Viral hepatitis h. Multiple myeloma
The 72-year-old male patient presents with low back pain. He is pale and tires easily. He states that he just plopped on his favorite chair and got sudden back pain that wraps around his back. His urinalysis reveals negative protein, SSA+2, increased ESR, and rouleaux formation.
The most likely differentials for this case are vertebral compression fracture and multiple myeloma. These two diseases are the most likely ones based on the symptoms and the test results that the patient has provided.
Vertebral compression fracture: Vertebral compression fracture is the most common type of compression fracture, which happens when the front of a vertebra in the spine collapses. Vertebral compression fracture can happen due to sudden pressure on the spine such as from a fall or severe back strain.
The symptoms of vertebral compression fracture are back pain and stiffness, loss of height, kyphosis (humpback), and trouble breathing.
Multiple myeloma: Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the bone marrow cells that produce antibodies, also known as plasma cells. Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that damages the bones, immune system, kidneys, and red blood cell count. The symptoms of multiple myeloma are bone pain, anemia, fatigue, frequent infections, weight loss, kidney damage, and nerve damage.
Therefore, vertebral compression fracture and multiple myeloma are the most likely differentials for this case.
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"The nurse assesses the dressing of a client who has just
returned from post-anesthesia and finds that the dressing is wet
with a moderate amount of bright red bloody drainage. What action
should the nurse do?
In such a scenario, the nurse must change the dressing immediately.
What is Post-Anesthesia?
Anesthesia is the process of making a patient unconscious or insensible to pain during surgeries or other medical procedures. Post-anesthesia is the period of time immediately following anesthesia administration. The client remains in a recovery room where they are monitored by nurses for any potential issues, including vital signs and adverse reactions.
Why is it necessary to change dressing?
Postoperative dressing is applied to a wound to aid healing and protect the surgical site. A wet dressing could become a source of infection, and an excessive amount of drainage could indicate bleeding or other complications that require immediate attention. As a result, the nurse must remove the dressing, assess the wound, and apply a fresh, sterile dressing.
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You can see from this chart that the root words: sulfa, oxacins, cillins, and mycins are not exact for each category. It is helpful however, as the types are used for different pathological (disease-causing) organisms.
Explore the organisms that antibiotics are used for. Include the following aspects in the assignment:
Make a simple chart for each of the six categories of antibiotics in the chart above
Research each category and under each describe the specific type of organism each might be used for (gram positive cocci, gram negative bacillus, etc.)
Include the illness that might be caused by the organism (gastroenteritis, pneumonia, skin infection)
Cite any references. At all times proper grammar, sentence structure, and
Below is a detailed answer that includes a simple chart for each of the six categories of antibiotics mentioned in the question. The chart describes the specific types of organisms each category might be used for, along with the illnesses caused by these organisms.
Category: Sulfa Drugs
Antibiotic Name Type of Organism Associated Illness
Sulfamethoxazole Gram-negative bacteria Urinary tract infections
Sulfadiazine Gram-positive bacteria Skin and soft tissue
Sul isoxazole Gram-positive and gram-negative Otitis media
Sulfa drugs are a class of antibiotics that have a broad spectrum of activity against various types of bacteria. They are primarily used to treat urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
Category: Oxazines
Antibiotic Name Type of Organism Associated Illness
Ciprofloxacin Gram-negative bacteria Respiratory tract infections
Levofloxacin Gram-positive and gram-negative Pneumonia
Moxifloxacin Gram-positive bacteria Skin and soft tissue infections
Oxazines, such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, are fluoroquinolone antibiotics that exhibit activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Ciprofloxacin is commonly used to treat respiratory tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. Levofloxacin is effective against a broader range of organisms and is frequently prescribed for pneumonia. Moxifloxacin, on the other hand, is primarily used for skin and soft tissue infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
Category: Cillins (Penicillin)
Antibiotic Name Type of Organism Associated Illness
Amoxicillin Gram-positive bacteria Respiratory tract infections
Ampicillin Gram-positive and gram-negative Urinary tract infections
Methicillin Gram-positive bacteria Skin and soft tissue infections
Cillins, also known as penicillin, are a class of antibiotics that are effective against various gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. Amoxicillin is frequently prescribed for respiratory tract infections caused by gram-positive organisms.
Ampicillin is used to treat urinary tract infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Methicillin, a type of penicillin, specifically targets gram-positive bacteria and is commonly used for skin and soft tissue infections.
Category: Mykins (Macrolides)
Antibiotic Name Type of Organism Associated Illness
Erythromycin Gram-positive bacteria Upper respiratory tract infections
Azithromycin Atypical bacteria Community-acquired pneumonia
Clarithromycin Gram-positive and gram-negative Skin and soft tissue infections
Mykins, or macrolide antibiotics, exhibit activity against a wide range of bacteria. Erythromycin is effective against gram-positive organisms and is commonly used to treat upper respiratory tract infections.
Azithromycin, an atypical macrolide, is particularly effective against atypical bacteria and is frequently prescribed for community-acquired pneumonia. Clarithromycin is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is often used for skin and soft tissue infections.
Category: Cef- and Caph- (Cephalosporins)
Antibiotic Name Type of Organism Associated Illness
Ceftriaxone Gram-negative bacteria Bacterial meningitis
Cefalexin Gram-positive bacteria Skin and soft tissue infections
Cefixime Gram-negative bacteria Urinary tract infections
Cephalosporins, commonly identified by their prefix "Cef-" or "Caph-", are a large group of antibiotics effective against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ceftriaxone is often used to treat bacterial meningitis caused by gram-negative bacteria.
Cefalexin is primarily active against gram-positive bacteria and is commonly prescribed for skin and soft tissue infections. Cefixime, a third-generation cephalosporin, is effective against gram-negative bacteria and is frequently used for urinary tract infections.
Category: Glycopeptides
Antibiotic Name Type of Organism Associated Illness
Vancomycin Gram-positive bacteria Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) infections
Teicoplanin Gram-positive bacteria Skin and soft tissue infections
Dalbavancin Gram-positive bacteria Acute bacterial skin
Glycopeptides, like vancomycin, teicoplanin, and dalbavancin, are antibiotics that primarily target gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin is commonly used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.
Teicoplanin is effective against various gram-positive organisms and is frequently prescribed for skin and soft tissue infections. Dalbavancin is specifically indicated for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria
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The pharmacokinetics of a new drug following zero-order kinetics was studied in a healthy volunteer Three hours after the IV administration of a test dose, the plasma concentration of the drug was 8 mg/L, and then 1 hour later it was 7 mg/L. Which of the following was most likely the plasma concentration of the drug (in mg/L) immediately after drug administration? Select one: a. 9 b. 5 c. 16 d. 11 e. 32
Zero-order kinetics and pharmaco kineticsIn pharmacology, pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs within the body. On the other hand, zero-order kinetics pertains to the elimination of drugs in which the rate of elimination is constant regardless of the drug's concentration in the bloodstream. This means that there is a linear relationship between the amount of drug eliminated and time.
To determine the answer to the question, we can use the formula:Rate of elimination = -k (C)where k is the elimination rate constant and C is the drug concentration.In zero-order kinetics, k is constant. Thus, the formula becomes:Rate of elimination = -kC
Therefore, the change in drug concentration (ΔC) over a period of time (Δt) can be calculated by:ΔC = -kC * ΔtRearranging the formula:ΔC/Δt = -kC
This represents the slope of the graph of drug concentration versus time. Since the rate of elimination is constant, we can plot the graph as a straight line with a negative slope.
The graph below shows the plasma concentration of the drug versus time:We can use the slope of the line to calculate the rate of elimination.
ΔC/Δt = (8 mg/L - 7 mg/L) / (3 hours - 4 hours)= -1 mg/L/hour
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The patient is admitted with an open fronal skull bone fracture, this is the initial encounter for treatment. An ORIF on the frontal bone is done on the patient. The patient was playing frisbee in a public park when he was struck by (assualted) a baseball bat. The principal CM code is . The CM cause of the injury is . The CM place of the injury is . The CM activity is . The PSC code is . .
The principal CM code is S02.1XXA. The CM cause of the injury is assault. The CM place of the injury is a park or recreational area. The CM activity is playing frisbee. The PSC code is 03DZ0JZ.
The principal CM code for the patient who was admitted with an open frontal skull bone fracture, and who had an ORIF done on the frontal bone is S02.1XXA.
The CM cause of the injury is assault.
The CM place of the injury is a park or recreational area.
The CM activity is playing frisbee.
The PSC code is 03DZ0JZ.
An open frontal skull bone fracture can be a result of multiple things, such as an accident or assault. It's a severe injury that should be addressed immediately, just as was done in this patient's case.
A surgical procedure known as ORIF was done on the patient's frontal bone. The principal CM code is S02.1XXA.
What is CM?
CM stands for Clinical Modification.
What is PSC?
PSC stands for Procedure-Specific Code.
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Clinical Procedure 43-1 Completing a Laboratory Requisition and Preparing a Specimen for Transport to an outside laboratory 25 points
Completing a laboratory requisition is important to ensure accurate test results. Specimens should be prepared properly, labeled accurately, and transported in a timely manner to an outside laboratory.
Clinical Procedure 43-1 involves completing a laboratory requisition and preparing a specimen for transport to an outside laboratory. It is important to follow proper procedures to ensure accurate test results. To complete a requisition form, the patient’s full name, date of birth, and identification number should be included.
The physician’s name and order date should also be specified. Specimens should be properly prepared by using sterile containers and appropriate preservatives. The containers should be labeled accurately with the patient’s name and identification number, the specimen type, and the date of collection.
Specimens should be transported in a timely manner to the outside laboratory to ensure accurate results. Temperature-sensitive specimens should be packed in containers with appropriate cooling materials. Following proper procedures for completing a laboratory requisition and preparing specimens for transport can ensure that accurate test results are obtained in a timely manner.
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I spent several year researching with federally endangered bats. A few bats, like many wild mammals, are known to carry viral rabies. To get my license to work with these animals, I was required to get a prophylactic anti-rabies immunization shot of antibodies, and to have my titer checked every two years to be sure there was still sufficient numbers of antibodies to defend in case I was exposed to rabies. This form of immunization/vaccination shot was..
a. naturally acquired active immunity
b. induced acquired active immunity
c. naturally acquired passive immunity
d. induced acquired passive immunity
The form of immunization/vaccination shot that the author was required to get in order to work with bats that carry viral rabies is b) induced acquired active immunity. Hence, the correct answer is option b).
Induced acquired active immunity is the form of immunization/vaccination shot that the author was required to get in order to work with bats that carry viral rabies. The immunization involved injecting the individual with antibodies against rabies to prompt the body to develop immunity against the virus. This form of immunity is known as acquired active immunity since it involves the individual's immune system producing its antibodies in response to a particular pathogen or vaccine.
When an individual is exposed to an antigen (virus, bacteria, fungi, etc.), the immune system is activated to produce specific antibodies to fight the antigen. After the individual has recovered from the disease, they will have a lasting immunity to the antigen.
The principle behind immunization is to introduce an antigen into the body without causing illness to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the antigen. Vaccines introduce antigens in various forms such as dead or attenuated pathogens, parts of a pathogen, or synthetic antigens that are similar to those of the pathogen.
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What are the major reasons that medical spending is absorbing an increasing share of national output?
The major reasons that medical spending is absorbing an increasing share of national output are as follows:
1. Demographic shifts and aging populations:
As the population ages, people require more medical care, which leads to a rise in medical spending.
2. Technological advancements and new treatments:
Medical spending is increasing because of new technology and treatments that are available for the treatment of various diseases.
3. The rising prevalence of chronic diseases: Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease are becoming more prevalent, leading to a rise in medical spending.
4. Inefficient and ineffective healthcare systems: Inefficient and ineffective healthcare systems can lead to higher costs.
5. An increase in healthcare utilization: As the population grows, so does the number of people seeking medical care. This has led to an increase in healthcare utilization.
6. Rising healthcare prices: Medical spending is also increasing due to rising healthcare prices.
To sum up, there are several reasons why medical spending is absorbing an increasing share of national output.
These reasons include demographic shifts and aging populations, technological advancements and new treatments, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, inefficient and ineffective healthcare systems, an increase in healthcare utilization, and rising healthcare prices.
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Case study (questions 6–13)
Read this case study then answer the questions that follow.
Lila is a support worker at a care facility. Lila provides care to people who experience memory loss. Every day at work Lila faces new challenges as she tries her best to use the most appropriate communication strategies to meet each person’s individual needs.
Some of the people Lila works with have severe dementia and can become distressed when spoken to. Others she cares for are not aware of anything that is going on around them – they are disorientated to the day, time, relationships and occasions. Sometimes they confuse the past and reality taking place around them. Lila has found that no single strategy works for everyone, and that everyone has unique communication needs
Question
6. What are some verbal communication factors that Lila should be aware of when communicating with people who have memory loss?
7. What are some nonverbal communication factors that Lila should be aware of when communicating with people who have memory loss?
8. What communication strategies could Lila use to remind people with dementia what day it is?
9. What communication strategies could Lila use to remind people with dementia what time it is?
10. What communication strategies could Lila use to remind people with dementia of relationships?
11. What communication strategies could Lila use to remind people with dementia of occasions?
12. What reality orientation strategies could Lila use with people with dementia?
13. What activities could Lila use to connect with people with dementia through frequent reminiscence?
Verbal communication factors that Lila should be aware of when communicating with people who have memory loss are; Speaking in a calm and gentle tone, avoiding baby talk or patronizing language and using a moderate volume of speech.
She should also minimize noise or other distractions, ask yes or no questions, avoid complex instructions, and maintain eye contact while speaking.7. Non-verbal communication factors that Lila should be aware of when communicating with people who have memory loss are; Non-verbal communication, such as tone of voice, facial expression, and body language, can be more effective than verbal communication. Lila should use positive and reassuring body language such as nodding and smiling.
She should also avoid touching someone who may not like being touched.8. Communication strategies that Lila could use to remind people with dementia what day it is are; Providing the person with a clear understanding of the day by using visual aids such as calendars or signs to indicate the day, and mentioning the day frequently in conversations.
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"please help
A nurse is caring for a dient who has an immune deficiency due to leukemia which the ite in the client's room should the nurse identify as a safety hazaro? A. Fresh peaches B. Chocolate candyC Coffee with cream
The nurse should identify fresh peaches as a safety hazard for the client with immune deficiency due to leukemia.
Fresh peaches can pose a safety hazard for a client with immune deficiency due to leukemia because they may carry harmful bacteria or other pathogens. Patients with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to infections, and consuming raw fruits, especially those that cannot be washed thoroughly, can increase the risk of foodborne illnesses.
Fresh peaches, being a perishable fruit, may not undergo the same level of processing and sanitization as other packaged foods. Therefore, they may harbor bacteria such as Salmonella or E. coli, which can cause severe infections in immunocompromised individuals.
Infections can have serious consequences for individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with leukemia. It is crucial for healthcare providers to identify potential safety hazards and take appropriate precautions to minimize the risk of infections. In this case, fresh peaches can be a source of contamination and should be avoided.
It is recommended to provide the client with leukemia a diet that includes cooked or processed fruits and vegetables, which are less likely to harbor harmful bacteria. By being vigilant about food safety, healthcare professionals can help protect their immunocompromised patients from additional health complicationsore.
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State the scenario chosen and address the following:
Why did you pick this scenario?
What should have happened?
Has something like this ever happened to you or someone you know?
How can we improve this situation?
Cite references as needed to support your thoughts/ideas.
See the rubric for more grading details.
Scenario 3:
Elizabeth is a 15-year-old female. She has always been slightly overweight. Her mother is at a normal weight and never had issues with obesity. Her family just moved, and she is at a new high school. She is having trouble fitting in and is focusing on her health and appearance. Over the past few months since the move, Elizabeth has tried many diets including becoming a vegan, however, she cannot lose weight. She tried out for various high school teams but has been cut from the team every time. She has become very depressed but plans to try out again. At her annual sports physical, she tells the Nurse Practitioner that she is willing to do anything to "fit in and feel good". The Nurse Practitioner briefly mentions eating right and exercise and then signs her exam forms.
I chose this scenario because it’s a common scenario that is relatable to a lot of people who struggle with weight and body image. It’s important to address because it could lead to more serious health problems such as depression or eating disorders.
I picked this scenario because it’s something that happens to a lot of teenagers and it’s a very sensitive issue that needs to be handled with care. The scenario depicts how societal pressures could lead to body image issues, which could, in turn, lead to more severe mental health issues such as depression or eating disorders. I think the Nurse Practitioner should have given Elizabeth more attention and support by recommending more activities and a more personalized diet plan. There needs to be a more empathetic approach to treating teenagers who are struggling with weight and body image.
I have seen scenarios like this where people are very critical of their body weight, and it leads to depression or more severe health issues. To improve this situation, schools should have more initiatives that promote healthy living and positive body image. There should be more resources available for students that are struggling with weight or body image issues. References: Obesity in children and adolescents: Health effects, in Emedicine.
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Which of the following is true about Type I diabetes mellitus (DM)?
A. Type I DM is the most common type of diabetes mellitus.
B. Most patients can be treated without meds through weight loss and dietary
changes.
C• Type I DM is typically caused by immune-related destruction of beta cells. • D. Most patients present with oliguria, decreased appetite, and decreased fluid
intake.
The following is true about Type I diabetes mellitus (DM): Type I DM is typically caused by immune-related destruction of beta cells. Option C is correct.
What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) as a result of a deficiency in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin, which is produced by the pancreas, lowers blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus. It occurs when the pancreas does not generate enough insulin. The immune system damages the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas in this condition. Because of the low or absent insulin, blood sugar levels rise, causing the symptoms of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is less common than type 2 diabetes.
The following are some true statements about Type I diabetes mellitus (DM):
Type I DM is typically caused by immune-related destruction of beta cells. This is a statement that is accurate. Beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed by the immune system, resulting in a lack of insulin production. Type I DM is not the most common form of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent. Most patients cannot be treated without medications by weight loss and dietary changes. Insulin treatment, as well as dietary and lifestyle changes, are used to treat type 1 diabetes. Oliguria, decreased appetite, and decreased fluid intake are not common signs of type 1 diabetes. Hyperglycemia causes thirst, excessive hunger, and increased urine production.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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Explain how low-range hydrostatic pressure can be combined
with other antibacterial treatment to destroy bacterial spores in
food.
Low-range hydrostatic pressure with other antibacterial treatments involves the use of different techniques. One of the techniques is the use of thermal processing, which involves the use of heat to kill bacterial spores.
Bacterial spores are generally difficult to eliminate because they are resistant to most antibacterial treatments. One of the ways to destroy bacterial spores in food is by combining low-range hydrostatic pressure with other antibacterial treatments. This process can eliminate bacterial spores in food effectively.
The low-range hydrostatic pressure used in the process involves the application of pressure to the food. This pressure causes damage to the cell walls and membranes of the bacteria present in the food, thereby killing them. The use of low-range hydrostatic pressure has been found to be more effective in eliminating bacterial spores in food than other treatments.
The process of combining low-range hydrostatic pressure with other antibacterial treatments involves the use of different techniques. One of the techniques is the use of thermal processing, which involves the use of heat to kill bacterial spores.
Another technique is the use of ultraviolet light, which damages the DNA of the bacteria, thereby killing them. Other techniques that can be used include the use of chemical treatments and irradiation.
The combination of low-range hydrostatic pressure with other antibacterial treatments is an effective way to eliminate bacterial spores in food. This process can be used to ensure that food is safe for consumption by destroying harmful bacteria.
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Produce an organigram to be presented by PowerPoint presentation of Maximum of 8 slides on a word document. LO.3 Negotiate and plan learning, continuing professional development needs. Produce an organigram to be presented by PowerPoint presentation of Maximum of 8 slides on a word document. Organograms are generally used to show the chain of command within an organization. They can be tailored to meet the organization's needs and may contain information such as the job titles, names, or areas of responsibility for the staff. 80% You are expected to design an organigram that can be tailored to meet the needs of a chosen organization in the health and social care sector.
The task requires creating an organigram in a PowerPoint presentation with a maximum of 8 slides. An organigram visually represents the chain of command and structure within an organization. In this case, the organigram should be tailored to meet the needs of a chosen organization in the health and social care sector.
Creating an organigram in PowerPoint involves designing a visual representation of the organization's structure. The presentation should consist of a maximum of 8 slides to ensure concise and focused information.
Each slide can represent a different level of the organizational hierarchy, starting from the top management and moving down to different departments or units within the organization.
The first slide can introduce the organization and provide an overview of its purpose and mission. The subsequent slides should display the different levels of management and their respective job titles, names, and areas of responsibility. It is important to ensure clarity in presenting the reporting lines and relationships between positions.
In the health and social care sector, the organigram may include positions such as the CEO or director at the top, followed by managers of different departments or units (e.g., nursing, administration, finance), and further down to supervisors and staff members. Each slide can represent a specific level, with appropriate titles and names.
Overall, the organigram should be tailored to the chosen organization's structure and needs, accurately depicting the chain of command and relationships within the health and social care sector.
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The clinic nurse is doing client teaching with a young adult who has a diagnosis of HIV. The client is asymptomatic and asks, "How much should I raise my calorie intake to maintain my weight?" What would be the nurse's best response? A. "You should increase your calorie intake by 5%." B. "An increase of 10% seems appropriate." C. "Add approximately 15% to your current intake." D. "There may not currently be a need to increase intake."
The best response of the nurse to How much should I raise my calorie intake to maintain my weight of a young adult who has a diagnosis of HIV, is D. "There may not currently be a need to increase intake. When a client is diagnosed with HIV,
the client teaching is an important role of the nurse. It's vital to understand how to maintain proper nutrition when living with HIV. A young adult who has a diagnosis of HIV and is asymptomatic asks the clinic nurse about how much they should raise their calorie intake to maintain their weight?The clinic nurse's best response would be D. "There may not currently be a need to increase intake
Since the client is asymptomatic, it is likely that they are healthy and maintaining their weight. They must continue with a well-balanced diet, and in case they lose weight, they can start with 10% increases to their calorie intake. But in this situation, an increase of the calorie intake is not immediately necessary. In conclusion, the best response to the question is D. "There may not currently be a need to increase intake."
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Medicaid in New York is funded as a partnership between the Federal and State and Local governments. Also, explain how Medicaid eligibility is set and what is the effect of Medicaid expansion under the ACA.
Medicaid in New York is funded through a partnership between the federal, state, and local governments. Eligibility is based on income, family size, age, and disability status.
In New York, Medicaid is funded through a partnership between the federal, state, and local governments. The federal government provides a significant portion of the funding, while the state and local governments also contribute their share.
This funding arrangement allows for the provision of healthcare services to eligible low-income individuals and families in the state.
Medicaid eligibility in New York is determined based on several factors, including income level, family size, age, and disability status. The program targets individuals and families with limited financial resources, ensuring that they have access to essential healthcare services.
Eligibility criteria may vary between different Medicaid programs, such as Medicaid for families, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with disabilities.
Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), states have the option to expand their Medicaid programs to cover a broader range of individuals.
Medicaid expansion extends coverage to low-income adults with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level, regardless of their age or disability status.
In states that have expanded Medicaid, more individuals can qualify for coverage, reducing the number of uninsured individuals and increasing access to healthcare services.
This expansion has played a significant role in improving healthcare outcomes and reducing financial burdens for low-income individuals in states that have implemented it, including New York.
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A parent asks the nurse which behaviors are indicative of mental illness. Those most likely to indicate
mental illness are:
Select one:
O a. Age 3 months, cries after feeding until burped, sucks thumb
• b. Age 9 months, does not eat vegetable, likes to be rocked
• c. Age 3 years, mute, passive toward adults, twirls when walking
O d. Age 6 years, developed enuresis after the birth of a sibling
The most likely behaviors to indicate mental illness among children include those that are unexpected, abrupt and interfere with social functioning. Among the behaviors mentioned, the one that is most likely to indicate mental illness is the third option which is "c. Age 3 years, mute, passive toward adults, twirls when walking.
"Explanation:There is no such age when a child can have mental illnesses. Mental health disorders can occur in a child of any age. Children can develop mental illnesses such as anxiety disorders, depression, mood disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, and eating disorders, among others.
The most likely behaviors to indicate mental illness among children include those that are unexpected, abrupt and interfere with social functioning. Children with mental health problems may experience difficulties in multiple areas of functioning, including academic, social, and family life, and may display a range of problematic behaviors.
Hence, the third option is the most likely to indicate mental illness. The other options are not indicative of mental illness, but they are normal developmental milestones and patterns in children.
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You are a student nurse looking after Mrs. Timmons. Mrs. Timmons is 64 and has a history of diabetes and hypertension. She has been admitted for hip surgery. You meet her in the morning and take her vital signs. She is chatting with you throughout your assessment, asking you about school. She has the following findings:
Temperature: 36.2
Pulse: 72 bpm (radial), 2+, regular rhythm
Respirations: 18, 95%
BP: 160/94 mmHg right arm, sitting
Questions:
1. What findings are considered abnormal for this client? What is the correct term for this?
2. What factors may influence the BP in this client?
3. What are the healthcare provider’s next actions based on the findings of this older client?
1. The abnormal findings for this client are the elevated blood pressure (160/94 mmHg) and the oxygen saturation level of 95%. The correct term for these abnormal findings is hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypoxemia (lower than normal oxygen saturation).
2. Several factors may influence the blood pressure in this client. The presence of diabetes and hypertension in the client's medical history suggests a pre-existing condition of high blood pressure. Other factors that may contribute to elevated blood pressure include stress, pain, anxiety, medication side effects, and the effects of anesthesia. Additionally, the surgical procedure itself and the body's response to it can temporarily elevate blood pressure.
3. Based on the findings of this older client, the healthcare provider's next actions may include:
- Monitoring the blood pressure at regular intervals to assess for any persistent hypertension and to identify any potential hypertensive crisis.
- Evaluating the client's medical history, current medications, and potential risk factors to determine appropriate management strategies for hypertension.
- Assessing the client's oxygen saturation levels periodically to ensure adequate oxygenation and identify any potential respiratory issues.
- Initiating or adjusting antihypertensive medications if necessary to maintain blood pressure within a target range and reduce the risk of complications.
- Considering non-pharmacological interventions such as lifestyle modifications (e.g., diet, exercise, stress reduction) to manage hypertension.
- Collaborating with other healthcare team members, such as the anesthesiologist and surgical team, to ensure appropriate perioperative management of blood pressure and oxygenation.
Overall, the healthcare provider will aim to manage the client's blood pressure effectively and optimize their overall health status before, during, and after the surgical procedure.
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A nurse is assisting o client who requests to take o tub bath. Which of the following actions the nurse take? A. Check on the client every 10 min during the bath B. Add bath oil to the water after the client gets into the tub. C. Allow the client to remain in the bath for 30 min D. Drain the tub water before the client gets out
A nurse is assisting a client who requests to take a tub bath. The following actions should the nurse take during the bath: Check on the client every 10 min during the bath.The answer is option A.
Check on the client every 10 min during the bath. As a nurse, one of the roles is to assist clients when they request to take a bath. To ensure the safety of the client, a nurse should check on the client every 10 min during the bath. This is to check if the client is experiencing difficulty or is in need of assistance. The nurse should also check the water temperature, the water level, and make sure that the client is comfortable during the bath.The following actions should the nurse take during the bath: Check on the client every 10 min during the bath.Drain the tub water before the client gets out. Add bath oil to the water after the client gets into the tub. Allow the client to remain in the bath for 30 min.
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You are helping a client develop a weight management program. You have performed a VO2 assessment and their VO2max is 45.78 ml/kg/min. They are 27 years old and weigh 166 lbs. a) Calculate 75% of their VO2reserve? b) Using the VO2 from part a), how many calories are they expending at this workload (per minute)? c) How long would they have to workout at this intensity to "bum off a king sized package of peanut butter cups (about 440 kcals)?
At 75% VO₂ reserve, they would be expending 3.32 kcal/min. Time (in minutes) = Calories ÷ Calories per minute = 440 ÷ 3.32 ≈ 132.53 minutes or ≈ 2.21 hours (rounded to two decimal places).
In part (a), VO₂ reserve was calculated using the formula VO₂ reserve = [(VO₂max – VO₂rest) × %intensity] + VO₂rest.
In part (b), calories expended per minute was calculated by converting ml/kg/min to kcal/min, and in part (c), the time to burn off a certain amount of calories was calculated by dividing the total number of calories by the calories expended per minute.
The client's VO₂ max of 45.78 ml/kg/min indicates an excellent level of aerobic fitness. At 75% VO₂ reserve, they would be expending 3.32 kcal/min. To "burn off" a king-sized package of peanut butter cups, it would take approximately 2.21 hours of working out at this intensity, assuming no other calorie intake during this period.
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the question " can you describe the symptom" falls under 1 point which letter in the acronym O,P,Q,R,S,T UV and what it stand for? Your answer 19. In the FHSAA, the question " where is the pain located" falls under which 1 point letter in the acronym O,P,Q,R,S,T U,V and what it stand for? Your answer (
The question "can you describe the symptom?" falls under the letter "S" in the acronym OPQRSTUV, where "S" stands for "Symptoms."
The acronym OPQRSTUV is a commonly used mnemonic in medical assessments to systematically gather information about a patient's symptoms. Each letter represents a specific aspect of the assessment.
In this case, the question "can you describe the symptom?" falls under the category of "Symptoms," which is represented by the letter "S."
This question aims to gather detailed information about the specific characteristics, quality, intensity, duration, and associated factors of the symptom experienced by the patient. Understanding the nature of the symptom is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the patient's condition.
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