Identify the 3 types of variables for each example experiment below, and then provide an explanation as to why you identified the variables in the way that you did. The variables include the following: independent variable, dependent variable, and the control variable.


Example 1: You would like to add some depth and charm to your garden by adding different sized plants to your garden. You’ve done some research and would love to plant chimney bellflowers because of their appeal and height. One of the questions that comes to your mind is “which brand of fertilizer to use in order to produce the tallest bellflowers?”


Example 2: Your younger brother has asked that you help him with his 5th grade science fair project. One of the areas he is interested in knowing more about is acid rain. You decide to simulate acid rain by creating an experiment that involves vinegar and limestone chips. You and your brother decide to determine if the amount of vinegar will impact limestone chip mass. You set up four different treatments. Each treatment will contain a different percentage or concentration of vinegar but with the same initial mass of limestone chips. You both make a hypothesis and discuss how it relates to acid rain together, and then illustrate the results on a trifold board.


Example 3: In your biology class, you’ve learned a lot about marine ecosystems. It has created an interest in maybe one day being a marine biologist. You’ve decided that you will design an experiment that looks at the impact of rising sea temperature on the quantity of algae in a specific ocean site. You will determine the number of algae under varying temperatures at this ocean site. You are hoping that these findings will help you become more of an advocate for marine life in this time of global climate change.

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Answer:

Example 1:

Independent variable = The brand of fertilizer

Dependent variable = The height of the chimney bellflower measured (in cm or m) using a ruler or metre stick or measuring tape etc

Control variable = The type of flower used i.e., chimney bellflower

Example 2:

Independent variable = The percentage/concentration of vinegar

Dependent variable = The (change in) mass of the limestone chips measured (in g or kg) using a scale

Control variable = The initial mass of the limestone chips

Example 3:

Independent variable = The temperature of the seawater

Dependent variable = The quantity of algae in a specific ocean site

Control variable = The ocean site and the starting amount of algae in it

Explanation:

The independent variable is the variable in an experiment that it changed e.g., in example 1 the test was about which brand of fertilizer would produce the tallest bellflowers. Therefore, to test this, you would have to experiment with different brands of fertilizers thus constantly changing it in the experiment.

The dependent variable is the variable in an experiment that is measured e.g., in experiment 2 the test was about if the mass of the limestone chips would change with different concentrations of vinegar. Therefore, to test this, you would have to measure if there was a change in the mass of the limestone chips thus making it the dependent variable

The control variable is the variable in an experiment that you keep the same e.g., in experiment 1, in order to test which brand of fertilizer produced the tallest bellflowers, you would have to keep the type of flower the same (i.e. chimney bellflowers) because that is the flower you are experimenting. It would not make sense to use a different flower since that could produce different, incorrect data

Variables are an important part of an eye tracking experiment. A variable is anything that can change or be changed. In other words, it is any factor that can be manipulated, controlled for, or measured in an experiment.

Experiments contain different types of variables. We will present you with some of the main types of experimental variables, their definitions and give you examples containing all variable types.

Types of experimental variables:

Independent variables (IV): These are the factors or conditions that you manipulate in an experiment. Your hypothesis is that this variable causes a direct effect on the dependent variable.
Dependent variables (DV): These are the factor that you observe or measure. As you vary your independent variable you watch what happens to your dependent variable.

Figure 1. Shows the relationship between the independent and dependent variable.

Extraneous variable: An extraneous varable is any extra factor that may influence the outcome of an experiment, even though it is not the focus of the experiment. Ideally, these variables won’t affect the conclusions drawn from the results as a careful experimental design should equally spread influence across your test conditions and stimuli. Nevertheless, extraneous variables should always be considered and controlled when possible as they may introduce unwanted variation in your data. In this case, you need to tweak your design and procedure to be able to keep the variation constant or find a strategy to monitor its influence (constant or controlled variables). All experiments have extraneous variables. Here are some examples of different types of extraneous variables:
aspects of the environment where the data collection will take place, e.g., room temperature, background noise level, light levels;
differences in participant characteristics (participant variables); and
test operator, or experimenter behavior during the test, i.e., their instructions to the test participants are not consistent or they give unintentional clues of the goal of the experiment to the participants.

Using the line graph below, find the independent and dependent variables.

Balance the given equation
2Cu + _____ = CuO + _____

Timothy always liked playing catch with his dad. Whenever he had the chance to pick up a small object, he simultaneously threw a random object at his dad to catch him of guard. His objective was to have his dad drop the item. One day, Timothy threw two objects at is dad. One object was a tennis ball and the other was a golf ball. His dad ended up dropping both of the objects on the floor but was able to catch them after the drop because they both bounced back into his father’s hands. He wondered how this was possible???? This led to Timothy asking a science question that he would like to test by doing an experiment. What science question do you think Timothy asked to jumpstart an investigation?


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Answer this question and you’ll get 20 points Explain how energy is transfers using the major forms of energy in a circuit describe the energy source and form as energy is transformed throughout the circuit. Give at least 3 forms of energy. Including 2 transformations that occur. Make sure to provide the evidence that would indicate how we would know that the energy is complete within the circuit