Need help with this please and thank you. PBS poisoned water student questions

The periodic table is arranged in such a way that elements with similar valence electron configurations are placed in the same group or column.

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom, and they play a critical role in determining the chemical properties of an element.

The elements in each column of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons, which gives them similar chemical properties

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Answer:

We would expect stars near the edge of the galaxy to rotate slower than stars near the center. This is because the rotational speed of objects in a rotating system depends on their distance from the center of rotation. Stars near the center of the galaxy are closer to the gravitational center of the galaxy's mass, so they feel a stronger gravitational pull and rotate faster. Stars near the edge are farther from the center, so they feel a weaker gravitational pull and rotate slower. This results in a gradient of rotational speeds, with the fastest speeds near the galactic center and slower speeds near the edges.

Answer: Sex-linked traits are different from other traits because they are located on the sex chromosomes. Since males and females have different numbers of these chromosomes, the inheritance of sex-linked traits is different between the two sexes. This means that certain traits are more likely to be expressed in males than in females, and that females can inherit these traits from both parents while males can only inherit them from their mother.

Explanation: Sex-linked traits follow different patterns of inheritance than other traits because they are located on the sex chromosomes (X and Y) rather than on the autosomes (non-sex chromosomes). Since males have one X and one Y chromosome, and females have two X chromosomes, the inheritance of sex-linked traits is affected by the sex of the individual and the number of copies of the gene present.

The X chromosome contains many more genes than the Y chromosome and therefore, most sex-linked traits are inherited in a dominant or recessive manner on the X chromosome. In females, the presence of two copies of the X chromosome allows for a greater range of genetic variability, as both copies can potentially express different alleles. In males, however, the presence of only one X chromosome means that any alleles on that chromosome will be expressed, regardless of whether they are dominant or recessive. This is why sex-linked traits are more commonly expressed in males than in females.

Additionally, since males only inherit one X chromosome from their mother, they can only inherit X-linked traits from her. Females, on the other hand, inherit one X chromosome from each parent, which means they can inherit X-linked traits from both their mother and father. This can affect the frequency and distribution of certain sex-linked traits in a population.

Overall, the unique inheritance patterns of sex-linked traits are a consequence of their location on the sex chromosomes and the differences in chromosome inheritance between males and females.

Answer:

Divide the mass of the water lost by the mass of hydrate and multiply by 100. The theoretical (actual) percent hydration (percent water) can be calculated from the formula of the hydrate by dividing the mass of water in one mole of the hydrate by the molar mass of the hydrate and multiplying by 100.

Answer

The first step is to use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Rearranging the equation to solve for n, we get:

n = PV/RT

Substituting the given values, we get:

n = (1.35 atm) x (11.2 L) / [(0.0821 atm·L/mol·K) x (298 K)]

n = 0.553 mol

Therefore, there are 0.553 moles of helium gas present in the 11.2L container at 298K and 1.35 atm.

If the route length is constant, the intercept of the calibration curve should be zero, and the slope should be proportional to the molar absorptivity times the path length.

Beer's law, which links absorbance to concentration, is represented by a linear function. The molar attenuation coefficient multiplied by the cuvette width, or pathlength—1 centimetre in this lab—gives you the slope of your calibration curve. To find the concentration, rearrange the linear solution.

According to Beer's Law, a solution's absorbance (A) is inversely proportionate to its concentration.

A = εcl

The molar absorptivity () times the route length (l) are represented by the calibration curve's slope (m):

m = εl

If the route length is constant, the calibration curve's intercept (b) should be zero because there shouldn't be any absorbance at zero concentration:

b = 0

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Answer:

There are 4.59×1024 4.59 × 10 24 atoms of Al in 7.63 moles of Al.

The basic laboratory techniques that are used for separating components of the mixture are:-

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Explanation:

The stovetop example would be an open system, because heat and water vapor can be lost to the air. A closed system, on the other hand, can exchange only energy with its surroundings, not matter.

The molarity of potassium hydroxide is 1 mol/dm³.

Molarity is a measure of concentration, expressing the number of moles of a solute per litre of solution. It is denoted by the symbol M and is an important concept in chemistry, especially when dealing with solutions. Molarity is related to the molar mass of the solute and the density of the solution. It is a useful tool for measuring the amount of a particular solute in a given solution.

To calculate the molarity of potassium hydroxide, we must first calculate the moles of HCl and KOH.

First, we calculate the moles of HCl. We use the formula moles = concentration x volume.

HCl: 0.15 moldm³ x (31.40/1000) = 0.00471 moles

Next, we calculate the moles of KOH.

KOH: (20/1000) = 0.02 moles

Now we can calculate the molarity of KOH. We use the formula molarity = moles/volume.

KOH: 0.02/0.02 = 1 mol/dm³

Therefore, the molarity of potassium hydroxide is 1 mol/dm³.

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The candle and the wax represent the structure. Everything that is not a part of the flame or the wax, such as the air, items in the room, and anything else, is considered to be the surroundings. As the liquid wax solidifies, heat is transferred from the wax to the environment.

Wax fire causes a chemical change while wax melting causes a physical change: Wax changes from a solid to a liquid on its own when it melts. Only the physical state of a substance alters in the described procedure.

The New York Times claims that the majority of a candle's material truly evaporates into the air. Actually, the wax rises as it begins to melt and pool around the cotton flame of the candle.

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The products of the reaction are iron (II) carbonate and copper (II) nitrate.

[tex]Fe(NO_3)_2 + Cu_2CO_3 - > FeCO_3 + 2Cu(NO_3)_2[/tex]

An inorganic substance with the molecular formula Fe(NO₃)₂ is iron (II) nitrate. It is a crystalline green substance that can be dissolved in water. Iron or iron oxide can be used to combine with nitric acid to create iron (II) nitrate, which is a salt of both iron and nitric acid.

It is frequently used as an iron supply in chemical processes as well as a starting point for the creation of other iron compounds. Additionally, the creation of pigments, dyes, and catalysts can be accomplished using iron (II) nitrate.

However, it needs to be handled carefully because it is a potent oxidizer and, if not treated correctly, can irritate the skin and eyes.

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According to the stimulation, if the bulk of the plants is the same, there will be no change.

Planets have varying masses because they are formed of diverse materials, and their mass dictates their thickness and thinness.

The weight of an item is determined by its mass and the strength with which gravity pulls on it. The strength of gravity is proportional to the distance between two objects. As a result, the same thing weights differently on various planets.

The mass indicates the influence of gravity as well as the density of the atmosphere. If the masses are the same, all planets will be the same size, and many will be incapable of supporting life.

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Answer:

they are said to be excited.

Explanation:

excitation is a fundamental concept in atomic physics that helps explain many of the properties and behaviors of matter on both the macroscopic and microscopic scales.

Your speed could change in several ways as you jog along a park's path. Option 2.

One possible way is that you could speed up if you increase your pace or start running instead of jogging. This could happen if you feel more energized, motivated, or if you need to catch up with someone.

Conversely, your speed could slow down if you get tired, experience muscle fatigue, or encounter an uphill section of the path that requires more effort. Other factors such as weather conditions, terrain, or distractions can also affect your speed.

Therefore, the correct answer would be "all of these, except none of these," as there are various factors that can cause changes in your jogging speed along a park's path.

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To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of weak acid-base equilibrium and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The reaction between NH3 and HNO3 can be written as:

NH3 + HNO3 → NH4+ + NO3-

Before any HNO3 is added, the NH3 solution is a weak base with the following equilibrium equation:

NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH-

where the Kb of NH3 is 1.8 × 10-5. At the start, we have 0.10 M NH3, and the concentration of OH- can be calculated using the Kb expression:

Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]

[OH-] = Kb[NH3]/[NH4+] = 1.8 × 10^-5 × 0.10 / x, where x is the concentration of NH4+.

At the equivalence point, the moles of HNO3 added equals the moles of NH3 initially present, and the solution contains only NH4+ and NO3-. Therefore, the concentration of NH4+ is:

x = 0.10 - 0.05 = 0.05 M

At this point, all the OH- ions have been consumed by the HNO3, so the pH of the solution depends on the concentration of NH4+. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a weak acid-base system is:

pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid])

where pKa is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) and [base]/[acid] is the ratio of the concentrations of the weak base and its conjugate acid.

For NH3, the conjugate acid is NH4+ and the pKa can be calculated as:

pKa = -log(Ka) = -log(1.8 × 10^-5) = 4.74

Plugging in the values, we get:

pH = 4.74 + log(0.05/0.05) = 4.74

Therefore, the pH of the solution after the addition of 50.0 mL of HNO3 is 4.74.

The bond energy is -183 kJ/ mol for the given reaction and bond energies for the reaction. The reaction is exothermic.

Atoms bond together to create compounds because doing so allows them to achieve lower energies than they would have as individual atoms. A quantity of energy equivalent to the difference between the energies of the bonded and separated atoms is released, typically as heat. That is, linked atoms have less energy than individual atoms. Energy is always released when atoms combine to form a compound, and the compound has a reduced overall energy.

When a chemical reaction happens, molecular bonds are broken and new bonds are formed, resulting in the formation of new molecules.

Change is energy(ΔE) = ΣΔBE (Products) - ΣΔBE (Reactant)

ΔE = (432+ 239) - 2×427

ΔE = -183 kJ/ mol

Therefore it is exothermic reaction.

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The number of moles of CO contained in the 20.0 L tank at 93 °C and 4.52 atm is 3.01 moles

Ideal gas equation is given as follow:

PV = nRT

Where

With the above formula, we can obtain the number of mole of CO in the tank. This is shown below:

PV = nRT

4.52 × 20 = n × 0.0821 × 366

Divide both sides by (0.0821 × 366)

n = (4.52 × 20) / (0.0821 × 366)

n = 3.01 moles

Thus, we can conclude that the number of mole of the gas is 3.01 moles. The correct answer is the 3rd option

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The data table supports the idea that valence electrons affect the chemical characteristics of elements and may be used to forecast chemical reactions by showing how the amount of valence electrons follows different patterns on the periodic table.

The number of valence electrons in groups 1-2 and 13–18 rises by one from one element to the next throughout each row, or period, of the periodic table.

The ability of an atom to make covalent bonds with other atoms is known as its "valency." Valence electrons, on the other hand, are the quantity of electrons required in a compound's entire outer shell in order for bonds to form.

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the pH of the aqueous solution is 8.51 with a hydrogen ion concentration of [H+]=3.1×[tex]10^-9[/tex]M

The pH of the aqueous solution can be calculated using the formula:

pH = -log[H+]

where [H+] is the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

Substituting the given value, we get:

pH = -log(3.1×[tex]10^-9[/tex])

pH = 8.51

An aqueous solution is one in which water serves as the solvent. It is utilised in a variety of applications, including analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and industrial chemistry. It is the most prevalent kind of solution used in chemical reactions. Water serves as both the solvent and the solute in an aqueous solution, where the solute is often a solid, liquid, or gas. Due to its high polarity and capacity to make hydrogen bonds with other molecules, water is an excellent solvent that can dissolve a variety of materials, including polar molecules and ionic compounds. Acid-base reactions, redox reactions, and precipitation reactions are just a few of the numerous chemical processes that take place in aqueous solutions. A variety of variables can have an impact on an aqueous solution's characteristics.

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It's easy

Explanation:

We can use the equilibrium constant expression to calculate the equilibrium concentration of O2:

Kc = [SO3]^2 / ([SO2]^2 [O2])

At equilibrium, the value of Kc is constant, so we can use the equilibrium concentrations of SO2 and SO3 to solve for [O2]:

Kc = [SO3]^2 / ([SO2]^2 [O2])

Kc = (11.0 M)^2 / ((4.20 M)^2 [O2])

Simplifying:

[O2] = (11.0 M)^2 / (Kc (4.20 M)^2)

The value of Kc for this reaction is 4.67 × 10^1, as determined by experiment.

[O2] = (11.0 M)^2 / (4.67 × 10^1 (4.20 M)^2)

[O2] = 0.153 M

Therefore, the equilibrium concentration of O2 in this mixture is 0.153 M.

The net ionic equation for the reaction is:

2Fe3+(aq) + 3S2-(aq) → Fe2S3(s)

What is Ionic Equation?

An ionic equation is a chemical equation that shows the chemical species as their respective ions in a solution. In other words, an ionic equation only includes the ions that participate in the chemical reaction, and excludes any spectator ions that do not participate in the reaction.

The net ionic equation shows only the species that participate in the reaction and omits the spectator ions (ions that appear on both sides of the equation without undergoing a change).

First, let's write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 3K2S(aq) → Fe2S3(s) + 3K2SO4(aq)

To write the net ionic equation, we need to identify the ions that are present in aqueous solution and that participate in the reaction. These are:

Fe2+(aq), SO42-(aq), K+(aq), and S2-(aq)

The balanced ionic equation is:

2Fe3+(aq) + 3SO42-(aq) + 6K+(aq) + 3S2-(aq) → Fe2S3(s) + 3K2SO4(aq)

To obtain the net ionic equation, we eliminate the spectator ions, which are the potassium and sulfate ions that appear on both sides of the equation:

2Fe3+(aq) + 3S2-(aq) → Fe2S3(s)

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Two acids commonly used in the manufacture of fertilizers are sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid

Answer:

To find the molarity of the new solution, we need to use the equation:

M1V1 = M2V2

Where:

M1 = initial molarity = 3.00 M

V1 = initial volume = 15.0 mL

M2 = final molarity (what we're solving for)

V2 = final volume = 30.0 mL

Rearranging the equation to solve for M2:

M2 = (M1V1)/V2

M2 = (3.00 M * 15.0 mL)/30.0 mL

M2 = 1.50 M

Therefore, the molarity of the new solution is 1.50 M.

Answer:

1.00 M

Explanation:

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. When a solution is diluted, the number of moles of solute remains constant, but the volume of the solution increases. Therefore, the molarity of the solution decreases.

In this case, the initial number of moles of solute in the 15.0 mL of 3.00 M hydrochloric acid solution is (15.0 mL) * (3.00 mol/L) * (1 L/1000 mL) = 0.045 mol.

After dilution, the volume of the solution increases to 30.0 mL + 15.0 mL = 45.0 mL. The molarity of the diluted solution is (0.045 mol) / (45.0 mL) * (1000 mL/L) = 1.00 M.

So, the molarity of 30.0 mL of hydrochloric acid solution after 15.0 mL of a 3.00 M solution has been diluted is 1.00 M.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) is:

Sb2O3 + 3CO → 2Sb + 3CO2

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of Sb2O3 reacts with 3 moles of CO to produce 3 moles of CO2. The molar mass of Sb2O3 is 291.52 g/mol, so 0.465 g of Sb2O3 is equal to 0.465 g / 291.52 g/mol = 0.001592 mol.

Since 1 mole of Sb2O3 reacts with 3 moles of CO, we need 3 * 0.001592 = 0.004776 mol of CO to react completely with 0.465 g of Sb2O3.

The molar mass of CO is 28.01 g/mol, so 0.004776 mol of CO is equal to 0.004776 mol * 28.01 g/mol = 0.1338 g of CO.

Therefore, 0.465 g of Sb2O3 will produce 0.1338 g of CO. To convert this to liters of CO at a given temperature and pressure, we would need to know the volume of 0.1338 g of CO under those conditions using the ideal gas law.

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The dissociation of 500 molecules of carbonic acid would produce 200 + 15 = 215 ions.

What is Dissociation?

Dissociation is a chemical process in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler components, usually ions, when it is exposed to a suitable solvent or energy source such as heat or light. In other words, it is the separation of a molecule or compound into smaller particles such as atoms, ions, or radicals.

The dissociation of carbonic acid (H2CO3) in the first degree produces two ions (H+ and HCO3-) per molecule, while the dissociation in the second degree produces three ions (H+, CO32-, and HCO3-) per molecule.

If 500 molecules of carbonic acid dissociate in the first degree by 20%, then 20% of the molecules (0.2 x 500 = 100) will dissociate, producing 100 x 2 = 200 ions (H+ and HCO3-).

If 500 molecules of carbonic acid dissociate in the second degree by 1%, then 1% of the molecules (0.01 x 500 = 5) will dissociate, producing 5 x 3 = 15 ions (H+, CO32-, and HCO3-).

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The chemical formula for the product.

(a)Orbital diagram for Li:

1s² 2s¹

Orbital diagram for S:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴

Lewis structure for Li:

Li: [Li]+

Lewis structure for S:

:S:::S:

Combination of Li and S:

Li₂S

(b)

Orbital diagram for Ca:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²

Orbital diagram for Cl:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

Lewis structure for Ca:

Ca: [Ca]²⁺

Lewis structure for Cl:

:Cl:

Combination of Ca and Cl:

CaCl₂

(c)

Orbital diagram for K:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹

Orbital diagram for Cl:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

Lewis structure for K:

K: [K]+

Lewis structure for Cl:

:Cl:

Combination of K and Cl:

KCl

(d) Orbital diagram for Na:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

Orbital diagram for N:

1s² 2s² 2p³

Lewis structure for Na:

Na: [Na]+

Lewis structure for N:

:N:::N:

Combination of Na and N:

Na₃N

An orbital diagram is a visual depiction of the electrons located in an atom's or molecule's orbitals. Each electron is represented by an arrow, while each orbital is illustrated by a line.

The two electrons in each orbital's two lines are drawn in pairs to represent their opposing spins. Lewis structures, on the other hand, are schematics that display the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any potential lone pairs of electrons.

Each atom's valence electrons are shown as dots, and the connections between atoms are shown as lines. The kind of bond that can be created between two elements depends on the number of valence electrons.

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