Procurement strategies refer to the set of plans, techniques, and tactics that organizations employ to purchase the products and services they require to operate. These strategies are essential as they enable organizations to obtain value for money and quality products and services from suppliers. What are the procurement strategies? There are several procurement strategies that organizations can adopt to achieve their objectives.
They include: Single Sourcing: This involves purchasing goods and services from a single supplier. The benefits of single sourcing include the establishment of a long-term partnership between the buyer and the seller, increased loyalty, and better communication. However, the risks include overreliance on a single supplier, which can lead to issues like supply disruptions and a lack of flexibility. Multiple Sourcing: This involves purchasing goods and services from multiple suppliers. The benefits of multiple sourcing include reduced risk, increased competition between suppliers, and the ability to obtain better deals. The risks include higher transaction costs, increased coordination challenges, and a lack of loyalty. Centralized Sourcing: This involves purchasing goods and services from a central point. The benefits of centralized sourcing include greater efficiency, reduced transaction costs, and improved control. The risks include a lack of responsiveness, decreased flexibility, and reduced autonomy. Decentralized Sourcing: This involves purchasing goods and services from different units or departments within an organization. The benefits of decentralized sourcing include increased flexibility, better responsiveness, and improved autonomy. The risks include higher transaction costs, increased coordination challenges, and a lack of control. What are the risks of using these strategies? The procurement strategies described above come with certain risks, which include the following: Overreliance on a single supplier: This is a significant risk associated with the single sourcing procurement strategy. The overreliance on a single supplier increases the chances of supply disruptions, quality issues, and other problems. Lack of competition: This is a risk associated with the centralized sourcing procurement strategy. The lack of competition can result in suppliers becoming complacent, leading to higher prices and reduced quality. Reduced control: This is a risk associated with the decentralized sourcing procurement strategy. The lack of control can lead to inconsistencies in quality, pricing, and other aspects of the procurement process.
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The purpose of the trial balance is to Select one: O a. Make sure the entries are in the proper format O b. Make sure the T accounts are in balance O c. Correct an adjusting entry O d. None of the above on 15 t red out of ion Decreases in owners' equity accounts are on which side of the T account? Select one: O a. Left O b. Right O c. Neither A nor B
The purpose of the trial balance is to: Make sure the T accounts are in balance. On the other hand, decreases in owners' equity accounts are on the right side of the T account.
This means that the answer would be option B.Explanation:What is a trial balance?A trial balance is a report in bookkeeping that lists the balances in every ledger account on a specific date. The trial balance is useful for detecting accounting mistakes, and it can help to ensure that the debits and credits in the ledger are balanced. In addition, the trial balance is used to produce financial statements, which summarize an entity's financial operations. The trial balance is created at the conclusion of the accounting period before financial statements are created.
The main purpose of the trial balance is to ensure that the ledger accounts are in balance. The debit and credit entries in each ledger account should be equal and opposite, resulting in a balanced ledger. The trial balance is used to compare the total debits and credits of all ledger accounts to ensure that the debits and credits balance.The T-account is a visual representation of a ledger account that displays all of the account's debit and credit transactions. The left-hand side of a T-account is the debit side, and the right-hand side is the credit side. When a decrease occurs in an owner's equity account, it is recorded on the credit side of the T-account, while an increase is recorded on the debit side.
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At the beginning of Year 1, Copeland Drugstore purchased a new computer system for $290,000. It is expected to have a five-year life and a $40,000 salvage value. Required a. Compute the depreciation for each of the five years, assuming that the company uses (1) Straight-line depreciation, (2) Double-declining-balance depreciation. b. Record the purchase of the computer system and the depreciation expense for the first year under straight-line and doubledeclining-balance methods in a financial statements model. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Compute the depreciation for each of the five years, assuming that the company uses straight-line depreciation. (1) Stralght-ine depreciation. (2) Double-decining-balance depreciation. b. Record the purchase of the computer system and the depreciation expense for the first year under stralght-line and doubledeclining-balance methods in a financial statements model. Complote this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Compute the depreclation for each of the five years, assuming that the company uses double-dedining-balance depreciation. (Wesve no ceils blank- be certain to enter "o- wherever required.) Complete thin question by entering your answers in the tabs balow. Record the purchase of the computer system and the depredation expense for the first year under straight-ine and double-decliningbalance methods in a financial statements model. (In the Cash Flow column, indicate whether the Itam is an operating activity (OA), an investing activity (IA), or a finanding activity (FA). If an element is not affected by the event, leave the coll blank. Enter any decreases to account balarices and cash outfiows with a minus sign. Not all cells will require entry.)
At the beginning of Year 1, Copeland Drugstore purchased a new computer system for $290,000. It is expected to have a five-year life and a $40,000 salvage value. If an element is not affected by the event, leave the column blank.
Required Straight-line depreciation Depreciation = (Cost of asset – Salvage value)/Useful life of asset= ($290,000 - $40,000)/5 years= $50,000 per year
Year 1 $50,000
Year 2 $50,000
Year 3 $50,000
Year 4 $50,000
Year 5 $50,000
Double-declining-balance depreciation Depreciation = (2 / Useful life of asset) × Book value at the beginning of the year . Record the purchase of the computer system and the depreciation expense for the first year under straight-line and double-declining-balance methods in a financial statements model. In the Cash Flow column, indicate whether the item is an operating activity (OA), an investing activity (IA), or a financing activity (FA).
Enter any decreases to account balances and cash outflows with a minus sign. Not all cells will require entry.)Straight-line depreciation. Double-declining-balance depreciation.
Year 1: Depreciation = (2 / 5) × $290,000= $116,000
Year 2: Depreciation = (2 / 5) × ($290,000 - $116,000)= $69,600
Year 3: Depreciation = (2 / 5) × ($290,000 - $116,000 - $69,600)= $41,760
Year 4: Depreciation = (2 / 5) × ($290,000 - $116,000 - $69,600 - $41,760)= $25,056
Year 5: Depreciation = ($290,000 - $116,000 - $69,600 - $41,760 - $25,056)= $37,584
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Suppose in the market for banana. When the price is \( \$ 2 \), the quantity demanded for banana is 17 , and the quantity supplied is 7 . What's the amount of shortage in the market? Your Answer:
The amount of shortage in the market is 10 as per the information given about market shortage.
Market shortage refers to a market condition where there is an excess demand for a commodity or service, but the supply is less than the demand. A market shortage arises when the market price of a good or service is less than its equilibrium price.
To determine the market shortage, we need to determine the difference between the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied when the market price is given. The difference between the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied at a given price is known as a market shortage.
Suppose in the market for a banana, when the price is $2, the quantity demanded for a banana is 17, and the quantity supplied is 7.
The amount of shortage in the market:
We have,
Quantity demanded, Qd = 17
Quantity supplied, Qs = 7
Price, P = $2
The market shortage can be calculated by subtracting the quantity supplied from the quantity demanded.
Market shortage = Quantity demanded - Quantity supplied
Market shortage = Qd - Qs
Market shortage = 17 - 7
Market shortage = 10
Therefore, the amount of shortage in the market is 10.
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how do I find the total liability on a question in which I'm given the total assets, Owners capital, Drawings, revenues, and expenses?
Total liabilities can be calculated in two different ways. The first way is to subtract the owner’s equity from the total assets. The second way is to calculate the sum of all liabilities and owners’ equity.
Here is how you can calculate total liabilities if you have the total assets, owners capital, drawings, revenues, and expenses.
Total liabilities = Total assets - Owner's capital -
Drawings In this formula, you can replace the owner’s capital with the owner’s equity. It represents the same thing. Owner’s equity is the difference between the total assets and total liabilities.
So if you know the owner’s equity, you can calculate total liabilities using the following formula:
Total liabilities = Total assets - Owner's equity
For example, suppose the total assets are $100,000,
owner's capital is $20,000,
drawings are $5,000,
revenues are $80,000, and expenses are $50,000.
The total liabilities can be calculated as follows:
Owner's equity = Revenues - Expenses = $80,000 - $50,000 = $30,000
Drawings = $5,000
Total liabilities = Total assets - Owner's equity - Drawings= $100,000 - $30,000 - $5,000= $65,000
Therefore, the total liabilities of this company are $65,000.
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Integrated Concept Exercise (ICE) 3 - Supervisory Humour
The question here is how supervisors communicate in a diverse organization facing challenging economic times. What are the challenges faced by supervisors in making changes in today’s dynamic environment? While it may help to have humour in supervision, but there is a line beyond which humour can be insulting or offensive to others.
Even if you agree that management should "lighten up" or not take themselves so seriously, recognize that managers can be threatened by perceived attacks on their authority. (Perception is in the eye of the beholder.) Moreover, what is said about a company or its management in private is very different from what is said in a public, written format. Public statements can bring about very different consequences.
This exercise looks at the dilemma of personal communication styles. It is based on case 2-3 on page 322 of your textbook. Be sure to read this case thoroughly before you answer the questions below.
Questions
After disussing this situation with your group, answer the following questions:
What are the challenges facing the leadership of Software-n-More?
Evaluate the alternatives available to Chandler Mane
If you were Chandler Mane, what would you recommend to President Swan, and why?
In a troubled economy what can managers do motivate their employees to continuously improve?
Integrated Concept Exercise (ICE) 3 - Supervisory Humour Supervisors communicate in diverse organizations facing challenging economic times in different ways. However, they face various challenges when making changes in today's dynamic environment.
These challenges include technological advancements, economic instability, and cultural diversity. These challenges make it hard for the supervisors to make changes in the organization. Evaluating the alternatives available to Chandler Mane, he could use a motivational technique to motivate his employees to continuously improve. He can use his experience to help the employees with performance issues and provide them with feedback on their performance. Furthermore, he can help the company leaders to develop effective training programs for their employees and develop a comprehensive plan for the company's future. Chandler Mane can also implement a change in the culture of the organization to make it more responsive to the changing needs of the market. This approach would help the company adapt to the changing environment and create a more collaborative environment that encourages employees to work together to achieve common goals
Encourage employees to take part in decision-making processes to make them feel valued and appreciated. These are some ways through which managers can motivate their employees to continuously improve during a troubled economy.
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The Monster company is a multiproduct company that manufactures three products – product A, product B and product C. Here the information on sales and costs in 2022 (in dollars):
Product A Product B Product C Total
Selling price. 200 100 50
Variable costs per unit. 100 75 25
Fixed costs 50.000
The sales mix is the following (the sales mix does not change): Product A: 20%;
Product B: 30%;
Product C: 50%.
Identify the break-even point for the company (in units and in revenues).
The break-even point for the company is 1,250 units or $118,750 in revenues.
To identify the break-even point for the company, we need to calculate the number of units and the revenue needed to cover all the costs.
First, let's calculate the contribution margin per unit for each product. The contribution margin is the selling price minus the variable cost per unit.
Product A: $200 - $100 = $100
Product B: $100 - $75 = $25
Product C: $50 - $25 = $25
Next, let's calculate the weighted average contribution margin. Multiply the contribution margin per unit of each product by their respective sales mix percentages and sum them up.
Weighted average contribution margin = (Product A contribution margin x Product A sales mix) + (Product B contribution margin x Product B sales mix) + (Product C contribution margin x Product C sales mix)
= ($100 x 20%) + ($25 x 30%) + ($25 x 50%)
= $20 + $7.5 + $12.5
= $40
Now, let's calculate the break-even point in units. Divide the total fixed costs by the weighted average contribution margin per unit.
Break-even point in units = Total fixed costs / Weighted average contribution margin per unit
= $50,000 / $40
= 1,250 units
Finally, let's calculate the break-even point in revenues. Multiply the break-even point in units by the weighted average selling price.
Break-even point in revenues = Break-even point in units x Weighted average selling price
= 1,250 units x ($200 x 20% + $100 x 30% + $50 x 50%)
= 1,250 units x ($40 + $30 + $25)
= 1,250 units x $95
= $118,750
Therefore, the break-even point for the company is 1,250 units or $118,750 in revenues.
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Instructions: When firms enter into loan agreements with their banks, it is very common for the agreement to have a restriction on the minimum current ratio the firm has to maintain. Therefore, it is important that the firm be aware of the effects of its decisions on the current ratio. Consider the situation of Advanced Auto Parts in 2022. The firm had total current assets of $1,000,000 and current liabilities of $800,000. The bank requires a minimum of a 1.20 current ratio.
1. What is the firm’s current ratio? Display at two decimal places.
2. If the firm were to expand its investment in inventory and finance the expansion by increasing accounts payable, how much could it increase its inventory and related accounts payable without reducing the current ratio below 1.20?
create a spreadsheet in excel with descriptions and formulas.
1. The firm's current ratio can be calculated by dividing total current assets by current liabilities. Current Ratio = Total Current Assets / Current Liabilities Current Ratio = $1,000,000 / $800,000 Current Ratio = 1.25 Therefore, the firm's current ratio is 1.25.
2. To determine how much the firm can increase its inventory and related accounts payable without reducing the current ratio below 1.20, we need to find the maximum increase in current assets and current liabilities while maintaining a current ratio of 1.20. Let's assume the firm wants to increase its inventory by X dollars. This increase in inventory will be financed by increasing accounts payable by the same amount, X dollars. New Total Current Assets = $1,000,000 + X New Current Liabilities = $800,000 + X New Current Ratio = (Total Current Assets + X) / (Current Liabilities + X) We want to find the maximum value of X that keeps the current ratio at 1.20. 1.20 = (1,000,000 + X) / (800,000 + X) 1.20(800,000 + X) = 1,000,000 + X 960,000 + 1.20X = 1,000,000 + X 0.20X = 40,000 X = 40,000 / 0.20 X = 200,000 Therefore, the firm can increase its inventory and related accounts payable by a maximum of $200,000 without reducing the current ratio below 1.20.
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1. What is the difference between assets and liabilities? Which of the key financial statements features these categories prominently? 2. Identify the six steps in the accounting cycle. 3. what are the key reasons that firms do ratio analysis?
1. Assets and liabilities are two fundamental categories in accounting that represent different aspects of a company's financial position:
- Assets: Assets are resources owned or controlled by a company that have economic value and are expected to provide future benefits. Examples of assets include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant, and equipment. Assets are typically listed on the balance sheet, one of the key financial statements, and are categorized as current assets (expected to be converted into cash within one year) or non-current assets (long-term assets).
- Liabilities: Liabilities are obligations or debts owed by a company to external parties. They represent claims on a company's assets and can arise from borrowing money, purchasing goods or services on credit, or other contractual obligations. Examples of liabilities include accounts payable, loans, and accrued expenses. Like assets, liabilities are also presented on the balance sheet and are categorized as current liabilities (due within one year) or long-term liabilities (due after one year).
2. The six steps in the accounting cycle are as follows:
- Step 1: Analyze Transactions: This step involves examining and understanding the financial transactions that occurred during a specific period.
- Step 2: Journalize: In this step, the analyzed transactions are recorded in the general journal using a double-entry bookkeeping system.
- Step 3: Post to Ledger: The journal entries are then transferred to the general ledger, which contains separate accounts for different types of transactions.
- Step 4: Prepare Unadjusted Trial Balance: An unadjusted trial balance is prepared to ensure that the total debits equal the total credits.
- Step 5: Adjust Entries: Adjusting entries are made to account for accrued expenses, prepaid items, depreciation, and other necessary adjustments to accurately reflect the financial position.
- Step 6: Prepare Financial Statements: Finally, the adjusted trial balance is used to prepare financial statements such as the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
3. Firms perform ratio analysis for several key reasons:
- Evaluation of Performance: Ratios allow companies to assess their financial performance and compare it with previous periods, industry benchmarks, or competitors. By analyzing profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, and efficiency ratios, companies can identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
- Financial Health Assessment: Ratio analysis helps determine a company's financial health by evaluating its ability to meet short-term obligations (liquidity ratios) and long-term debt repayment (solvency ratios). It provides insights into the company's financial stability and risk exposure.
- Decision Making: Ratios aid in decision-making processes such as investment decisions, lending decisions, and pricing strategies. They provide valuable information to stakeholders, including investors, creditors, and managers, assisting them in making informed choices.
- Benchmarking: Ratios enable companies to benchmark their performance against industry standards or competitors. This helps identify areas where a company may be underperforming or outperforming its peers.
- Trend Analysis: Ratio analysis over multiple periods helps identify trends and patterns in a company's financial performance. It helps track progress, spot potential issues, and make strategic adjustments.
In conclusion, ratio analysis is performed by firms to evaluate performance, assess financial health, support decision-making, benchmark against industry standards, and analyze trends. It provides a comprehensive understanding of a company's financial position and aids in effective decision-making for future growth and success.
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Excerpt: "What it means in practice is that producers would have more certainty about future demand for their product, and that would encourage investment in production today, " a senior U.S. official told reporters. a. Why would this U.S. official believe that the expectation of an increase in demand in the future (2023) would make producers increase their extraction capacity in the present (2022)?
b. Will this additional capacity cause oil prices in the future to increase or drop relative to what would have happened otherwise?
"What it means in practice is that producers would have more certainty about future demand for their product, and that would encourage investment in production today" was the statement given by a senior U.S. official to the reporters. Accordingly, the answers to the questions are given below:
a. The U.S. official believes that the expectation of an increase in demand in the future (2023) would make producers increase their extraction capacity in the present (2022) because it would provide them with more certainty about future demand for their product. When producers are confident that there will be a higher demand for their product in the future, they are more likely to invest in expanding their production capacity to meet that demand. This can include building new extraction facilities, acquiring new equipment, or hiring more workers.
b. This additional capacity is likely to cause oil prices in the future to drop relative to what would have happened otherwise. When producers increase their extraction capacity in response to an expectation of higher demand, it leads to a larger supply of oil in the market. With more supply available, the prices tend to decrease as competition among producers intensifies. However, other factors such as changes in global demand, geopolitical events, or government policies can also impact oil prices, so it is important to consider these factors as well.
Overall, the relationship between the increased extraction capacity and future oil prices is complex and influenced by multiple factors, including supply, demand, and market dynamics.
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Assume that you are recently appointed as HR manager at one of
the leading Supermarket in
Muscat. Your immediately duty is to design an appropriate training
program for the newly
recruited marketing s
As the newly appointed HR manager at one of the leading supermarkets in Muscat, it is my duty to design an appropriate training program for the newly recruited marketing staff. The evaluation would help to determine the effectiveness of the training program and identify areas that need improvement.
The following are the steps I would take in designing the training program:
Step 1: Needs Assessment The first step would be to conduct a needs assessment to determine the knowledge, skills, and abilities required of the marketing staff to perform their job effectively.
Step 2: Develop Training Objectives Based on the results of the needs assessment, the next step would be to develop training objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
Step 3: Design the Training Program The third step would be to design the training program based on the training objectives.
Step 4: . The implementation would involve delivering the training to the marketing staff using the selected training methods, providing feedback to the participants, and assessing the effectiveness of the training program.
Step 5:The evaluation would involve assessing the learning outcomes, the impact of the training program on job performance, and the return on investment.
In conclusion, designing an appropriate training program for the newly recruited marketing staff would involve a needs assessment, development of training objectives, design of the training program, implementation of the training program, and evaluation of the training program.
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Calculate, to the nearest cent, the future value FV (in dollars) of an investment of $10,000 at the stated interest rate after the stated amount of time.
4% per year, compounded quarterly (4 times/year), after 6 years
FV = $
By investing $10,000 at an annual interest rate of 4%, compounded quarterly, for a period of 6 years, the investment will grow to approximately $11,501.60.
To calculate the future value (FV) of an investment, we can use the formula for compound interest:
FV = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
P = Principal amount (initial investment)
r = Annual interest rate (expressed as a decimal)
n = Number of times interest is compounded per year
t = Number of years
In this case, the principal amount (P) is $10,000, the annual interest rate (r) is 4% (or 0.04 as a decimal), the interest is compounded quarterly (n = 4), and the investment period (t) is 6 years.
Plugging in these values into the formula, we get:
FV = $10,000(1 + 0.04/4)^(4*6)
= $10,000(1 + 0.01)^(24)
= $10,000(1.01)^(24)
≈ $11,501.60
Therefore, the future value (FV) of the $10,000 investment at an interest rate of 4% per year, compounded quarterly, after 6 years is approximately $11,501.60.
Compound interest allows the investment to accumulate more value over time, as the interest is calculated not only on the initial principal but also on the accumulated interest. It is important to consider the compounding frequency when calculating the future value, as more frequent compounding leads to higher returns.
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You want to buy a $196,000 home. You plan to pay 20% as a down payment, and take out a 30 year loan for the rest. a) How much is the loan amount going to be? b) What will your monthly payments be if the interest rate is 5% ? c) What will your monthly payments be if the interest rate is 6% ?
a. Loan amount: $156,800 for a $196,000 home with a 20% down payment.
b. Monthly payments (5% interest rate): $838.09
c. Monthly payments (6% interest rate): $939.35
a) Loan amount:
Given that you plan to pay a 20% down payment on a $196,000 home, the loan amount will be 80% of the home price:
Loan amount = 80% of $196,000 = $156,800
b) Monthly payments at 5% interest rate:
Assuming a 30-year loan term (360 months) and an interest rate of 5% per year, the monthly interest rate (r) would be (5% / 12) = 0.4167%.
Using the mortgage payment formula:
M = $156,800 * (0.004167 * (1 + 0.004167)^360) / ((1 + 0.004167)^360 - 1)
M ≈ $838.09
Therefore, the monthly payment at a 5% interest rate would be approximately $838.09.
c) Monthly payments at 6% interest rate:
Assuming the same loan term of 30 years (360 months) and an interest rate of 6% per year, the monthly interest rate (r) would be (6% / 12) = 0.5%.
Using the mortgage payment formula:
M = $156,800 * (0.005 * (1 + 0.005)^360) / ((1 + 0.005)^360 - 1)
M ≈ $939.35
Therefore, the monthly payment at a 6% interest rate would be approximately $939.35.
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COST OF CAPITAL ANALYSIS
i) To estimate the cost of equity for Seek Ltd, go to http://au.finance.yahoo.com and enter the ASX code for Seek Ltd: SEK.AX
Based on the information available on Yahoo! Finance, answer the following questions:
• What is the most recent stock price?
• How many shares are
• Calculate the market value of equity or market capitalisation.
• What is the beta for your company?
ii) Using the historical average market risk premium, what is the cost of equity for Seek Ltd using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)? (Assume that the historical average market risk premium is 5.9%).
• Go to www.bloomberg.com and find the Australian government bonds.
• What are the yields on government bonds?1
• Which of these yields should you use as input in calculating the cost of equity and why?
• Using the historical market risk premium, calculate the cost of equity for your company using the
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)?
iii) You now need to calculate the cost of debt and the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Seek Ltd.
• What is the cost of debt for Seek Ltd?
o You can calculate cost of debt as interest expense divided by book value of debt
o Is the figure you get reasonable? For example, is it close to the firm’s borrowing rate (weighted
average interest rate)?
o Briefly discuss possible reasons for any differences in the cost of debt you calculated and the
company’s borrowing rate.
• What is the WACC for Seek Ltd?
o Calculate WACC using book value of equity and also using market value of equity. o WhichofthetwoWACCswouldyouuseandwhy?
To estimate the cost of equity for Seek Ltd, you can go to http://au.finance.yahoo.com and enter the ASX code for Seek Ltd: SEK.AX. Based on the information available on Yahoo! Finance, you can find the most recent stock price, the number of shares, calculate the market value of equity or market capitalization, and determine the beta for the company.
Using the historical average market risk premium of 5.9%, you can calculate the cost of equity for Seek Ltd using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). To do this, you can go to www.bloomberg.com and find the yields on Australian government bonds. You should use the yield on government bonds as input in calculating the cost of equity because it represents the risk-free rate in the CAPM.
To calculate the cost of debt and the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Seek Ltd, you can divide the interest expense by the book value of debt to find the cost of debt. It is important to assess whether this figure is reasonable and close to the firm's borrowing rate. Any differences between the calculated cost of debt and the company's borrowing rate could be due to various reasons, such as differences in credit ratings or terms of the debt.
To calculate the WACC for Seek Ltd, you can use both the book value of equity and the market value of equity. It is advisable to use the WACC calculated using the market value of equity because it reflects the current market conditions and the true value of the company's equity.
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Suppose Australia can produce either 200 units of textiles or 200 units of cars, while Japan can produce either 180 units of textiles or 240 units of cars given the resources they have (see Table 1). Currently in autarky Australia produces 100 units of textiles and 100 units of cars, while Japan produces 90 units of textiles and 120 units of cars. After opening for trade Australia consumes 115 cars and 108 Textiles with the cars being traded at 1.25 Cars/Textile. Based on this data and theory of comparative advantage (Ricardian model), answer the following (assume constant opportunity cost):
Table 1
Product
Textiles (T)
Cars (C)
Australia
200
200
Japan
180
240
(a): Compute the opportunity costs and state which country has comparative advantage in Textiles, and which has comparative advantage in Cars
(b): What is the price range Cars will trade at (i.e. terms of trade limits)?
(c): Suppose the countries trade and both countries completely specialize, show (compute) the production gains and consumption gains from trade
Opportunity costs are the expenses of the next-best alternative. For example, if a student goes to college, the opportunity cost is the money they could have earned if they had worked instead.
(a) In this scenario, Japan has a lower opportunity cost for cars because it can produce cars at a lower cost than textiles. Australia, on the other hand, has a lower opportunity cost in textiles because it can manufacture textiles at a lower cost than cars. As a result, Japan has a comparative advantage in cars, whereas Australia has a comparative advantage in textiles.
(b) The price range that automobiles will trade at will be between 1 and 1.25 textiles per car. This is because the cost of producing one automobile in Japan is 1.5 times that of producing one textile. As a result, if the price of cars is less than one textile per car, Japan will export textiles to Australia rather than cars because it will receive more textiles for the same price.
(c) If both countries specialise, Australia will produce 200 units of textiles and Japan will produce 240 units of cars. Australia will trade 85 textiles for 106.25 cars, whereas Japan will trade 115.63 cars for 92.5 textiles. Before trade, Australia produced 100 textiles and 100 cars.
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On January 1 . Sharp Company purchased $40,000 of Sox Company 6% bonds, at a time when the market rate was 5\%. The bonds mature on December 31 in five years, and pay interest annually on December 31. Sharp does not intend to trade the bond or to hold them until maturity. Assume that Sharp uses the effective interest method to amortize any premium or discount on investments in bonds. At December 31 , the bonds are quoted at 98. Note: When answering the following questions, round answers to the nearest whole dollar. a. Prepare the entry for the purchase of the debt investment on January 1.
The entry for the purchase of the debt investment on January 1:
At the time of purchase on January 1,
the journal entry to record the purchase of the bonds is:
Debit Credit Debt investments 41,540Cash41,540[Calculations:
40,000 × 1.04 (present value of 1 at 5% for 5 periods) =41,540.]
This represents the purchase of $40,000 worth of bonds for 41,540 (40,000 × 1.04) based on the 5% interest rate.
The bond is considered to be at a premium, as the cost of purchase is greater than the bond's face value.
Sharp Company has to account for the premium, which will be amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the bond.
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Kindly answer the discussion questions based on the case below.
CASE
Where’s the Leadership?
At Ablecor, Inc., senior management announced a restructuring/reorganization plan every January, with a target completion date of June. The reorganization directives mentioned strategic objectives and the competitive environment, but this changed very little from year to year. There were no announcements from leadership on what was to be accomplished by the reorganization, nor were any process changes explained. In addition, there was no effort to get the workforce involved in new initiatives. At the end of the day, nothing ever changed from these reorganizations—just a shuffling of managers and departments to justify reducing staff. First-line managers, middle managers, and junior executives throughout the company spent the year dreading the reorganization, sweating through the process and wondering if this was the year their job was to be eliminated, and then being thankful that they were spared for one more year. The economy was down, so it was difficult to leave and take a job elsewhere. Except for a few criti- cal positions, there was little training or management development for those employees with new responsibilities. Customers were often confused and frustrated by having to deal with a succession of new or "re-shuffled" contact people each year. At Baycor, Ltd., one department was asked by senior leadership to develop action plans and projects needed to launch a new product. The department manager took the initiative to implement a transformational change and appointed a lead team consisting of her section managers and a few key subject-matter experts. As the employees became more inspired by the thoughts and ideas surrounding the transformation, the lead team became aware that their power base was going to disappear if the changes were actually implemented, especially if employees were empowered to recommend changes and make some decisions on their own. The lead team decided implicitly and explicitly not to allow any significant changes to occur. After four months of anticipation by super- visors and employees, the lead team just declared the transformation finished and went back to business as usual. This was frustrating and demoralizing to the employees.
Discussion Questions
1. Discuss how the leadership failed to foster change in order to create a sustainable organizational structure and environment at Ablecor.
2. What aspects of effective leadership were ignored at Baycor?
3. What actions should the leadership of these two companies have taken?
1. Leadership failed to foster change in order to create a sustainable organizational structure and environment at Ablecor through various ways.
Firstly, senior management announced a restructuring/reorganization plan every January, with a target completion date of June, but the reorganization directives mentioned strategic objectives and the competitive environment, which changed very little from year to year. There were no announcements from leadership on what was to be accomplished by the reorganization, nor were any process changes explained. Secondly, there was no effort to get the workforce involved in new initiatives. Lastly, there was no training or management development for those employees with new responsibilities.
2. The leadership at Baycor ignored various aspects of effective leadership.
First, there was no support from senior leadership to implement change. Second, the lead team had a power base that would disappear if changes were actually implemented, especially if employees were empowered to recommend changes and make some decisions on their own. Lastly, the lead team just declared the transformation finished and went back to business as usual.
3. The leadership of Ablecor should have communicated more effectively by explaining the reasons for the reorganization and process changes.
Also, the leadership should have involved the workforce in new initiatives, and provide training or management development for those employees with new responsibilities. Similarly, the leadership of Baycor should have given support for implementing change, empowered employees to recommend changes and make some decisions on their own, and ensure that changes were fully implemented.
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Soru 17 In presenting ideas, the account manager would want to be seen as being Yanıtınız: Smart Strategic Thoughtful All of the above Yanıtı temizle
The account manager would want to be seen as being smart, strategic, and thoughtful while presenting ideas. Therefore, the correct option is "All of the above."
In a business environment, the role of the account manager is to manage and build a relationship between clients and the company. They are responsible for ensuring customer satisfaction, resolving customer issues and complaints, and negotiating contracts and agreements. They work closely with various departments of the company, including sales, marketing, and finance, to provide clients with high-quality services. The account manager is also responsible for presenting ideas and proposals to clients. While presenting ideas, they would want to be seen as smart, strategic, and thoughtful. Being smart means having a good understanding of the client's needs and requirements. Being strategic means developing a plan to meet those needs and requirements effectively. Being thoughtful means considering the client's perspective and providing solutions that are practical, feasible, and cost-effective.
Therefore, to be successful in their role, the account manager needs to possess these qualities and be seen as being smart, strategic, and thoughtful by clients.
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Beets R Us, LLC is a medium-sized farm in Iowa that grows beets that are only sold in Iowa. It does not export its beets outside of Iowa, though sometimes customers from out of state buy its beets while visiting Iowa. Is Beets R Us, LLC’s business practices subject to federal jurisdiction under Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution? Why or why not? write 1 -1. 5 page atleast
The limited scope of their operations, exclusively within the state of Iowa, and their lack of involvement in interstate commerce place them outside the reach of federal regulation in this context.
Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate commerce among the several states. This provision has been interpreted broadly by the courts, leading to the development of the "commerce clause" jurisprudence, which expands federal authority to regulate activities affecting interstate commerce.
To determine whether Beets R Us, LLC's business practices are subject to federal jurisdiction, it is necessary to assess their involvement in interstate commerce. The Supreme Court has held that intrastate activities may still be subject to federal regulation if they have a substantial effect on interstate commerce.
Beets R Us, LLC's operations are limited to the state of Iowa, where they grow and sell beets. While they do occasionally attract customers from out of state, their primary focus is on serving the local Iowa market. This localized nature of their business suggests a lack of substantial involvement in interstate commerce.
To further analyze the situation, the Supreme Court case of Wickard v. Filburn (1942) is relevant. In this case, the Court broadly interpreted the commerce clause to uphold the federal regulation of wheat production for personal consumption. The Court reasoned that even intrastate activities could have a cumulative effect on the national economy, thus falling within the purview of federal regulation.
However, Beets R Us, LLC can be distinguished from the situation in Wickard v. Filburn. Unlike the farmer in that case, who grew wheat for personal use, Beets R Us, LLC is engaged in commercial activities solely within Iowa. Their sales to out-of-state customers are incidental and do not constitute a substantial or continuous involvement in interstate commerce.
Given the limited scope of Beets R Us, LLC's operations, focused exclusively on Iowa and lacking substantial involvement in interstate commerce, it is unlikely that their business practices are subject to federal jurisdiction under Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. The precedents, including Wickard v. Filburn, support the proposition that purely intrastate activities with minimal impact on interstate commerce generally fall outside the reach of federal regulation.
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Describe two (2) ways the authors of the Blindspot argue that we can minimize or eliminate our automatic biases (mindbugs).
In their book "Blindspot", Mahzarin Banaji and Anthony Greenwald present the concept of "mindbugs" to describe the automatic, unconscious biases that we all have. These mindbugs can lead to negative attitudes, stereotyping, and discriminatory behavior towards people who are different from us. In order to minimize or eliminate our automatic biases, the authors suggest two ways: education and counter-stereotype training.
1. Education
Education can be a powerful tool in reducing automatic biases. Banaji and Greenwald argue that people can learn to recognize and overcome their biases through education. This includes learning about the different types of biases that exist, the ways in which they affect our thinking, and the harm that they can cause.
By educating ourselves about our biases, we can become more aware of when we are making assumptions or judgments based on stereotypes. This awareness can help us to pause and reflect on our automatic responses, and make a conscious effort to behave differently.
2. Counter-Stereotype Training
Counter-stereotype training is another approach that Banaji and Greenwald suggest can help to minimize automatic biases. This involves exposing people to positive examples of the groups that they hold negative attitudes towards. By doing so, people can challenge their automatic biases and begin to see members of those groups in a more positive light.
Overall, the authors argue that by being aware of our biases, educating ourselves about them, and challenging them through exposure to positive examples, we can minimize or eliminate our automatic biases. This can lead to more inclusive and equitable interactions with people from all walks of life.
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You and several classmates are studying for the next accounting examination. They ask you to answer the following questions: If cash is borrowed on a $67,200, 11-month, 10% note on August 1. how much interest expense would be incurred by December 31? 1. 2. 3. The cash register total including sales taxes is $46,410, and the sales tax rate is 5%. What is the sales taxes payable? If $46,410 is collected in advance on November 1 for 6-month magazine subscriptions, what amount of subscription revenue should be recognized on December 31? $ TA I
If cash is borrowed on a $67,200, 11-month, 10% note on August 1, then the interest expense incurred by December 31 can be calculated as follows:Step 1: Find the total interest payable on the note.
The interest payable can be calculated using the formula: Interest payable = (Principal × Rate × Time) ÷ 12Here, the principal is $67,200, the rate is 10% per annum, and the time period is 11 months. We need to convert the time period to years by dividing it by 12. Interest payable = ($67,200 × 10% × 11/12) ÷ 100 Interest payable = $6,960Step 2: Calculate the interest expense incurred by December 31.
We know that the note was taken on August 1 and the interest is payable for 11 months. So, the interest expense incurred by December 31 is calculated by multiplying the total interest payable with the proportion of the time period for which the interest is payable. Interest expense = Total interest payable × (Time period for which interest is payable ÷ Total time period)We need to find the time period from August 1 to December 31.
This is 5 months. Interest expense = $6,960 × (5/11). Interest expense = $3,163.64. Therefore, the interest expense incurred by December 31 is $3,163.64.
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Describe the politico-administrative environment of public personnel management
The politico-administrative environment of public personnel management is characterized by a complex network of actors and institutions that work together to manage human resources in the public sector.
Public Personnel Management
Public Personnel Management refers to the administration of human resources in the public sector. In public personnel management, the workforce of the government organization, its system of rules and procedures, and the programs and policies that are implemented to address staffing and workforce issues are all considered. Furthermore, it is concerned with the management of human capital within a particular politico-administrative environment.
A politico-administrative environment is a concept that relates to the intersection of politics and administration. It is where political goals are transformed into administrative actions that are then implemented by the bureaucracy. In a politico-administrative environment, there is a division of labor between politicians, who establish policy, and administrators, who are responsible for implementing that policy. Both of them have a shared objective, which is to serve the public's interests.
The politico-administrative environment of public personnel management has evolved over time, and today it is a complex and multifaceted system. There are various stakeholders involved in the administration of public personnel management. These include policymakers, public managers, unions, employees, and citizens. Furthermore, the politico-administrative environment of public personnel management is influenced by legal and institutional frameworks such as labor laws, administrative regulations, and ethical standards.
The success of public personnel management is dependent on its ability to balance competing demands and interests. The politico-administrative environment of public personnel management must strive to achieve the objectives of public service while also ensuring that the rights and interests of employees are protected. In summary, the politico-administrative environment of public personnel management is characterized by a complex network of actors and institutions that work together to manage human resources in the public sector.
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The objective of the general purpose of financial reporting is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to users: potential investors and creditors. Explain the 'relevant' characteristics of financial information needed by both users in deciding to provide resources to the entity. Support your answer with relevant examples.
The financial information must be relevant, accurate, complete, and understandable. It must also be comparable across different periods and companies.
What are the charecteristics?The following characteristics are relevant:
Relevance:
Financial information must be appropriate for the decision-making needs of users. The information should have a predictive or confirmatory value, as well as a feedback value. It should be forward-looking rather than just historical. For example, if an investor wants to know whether to invest in a particular company, financial data on that company's past profitability and potential future profits would be relevant. If a lender wants to know whether to lend to a company, financial information on its ability to pay interest and principal payments when due would be relevant.Timeliness: Financial information must be available in time to be useful. The information must be timely so that users can make informed decisions.
For example, if a stock analyst is researching a company's performance, the analyst may need the company's financial information before the end of the fiscal year.
Completeness: Financial information must be complete so that it does not mislead users. It should include all necessary information, such as all revenue, expenses, gains, and losses.
It should also include all necessary disclosures, such as contingent liabilities and related-party transactions.
Understandability: Financial information must be understandable to users who have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities.
Comparability: Financial information must be comparable to other companies in the same industry or to the same company over time.
This is critical to users who want to compare companies or make decisions based on trends.
For example, an investor may want to compare two companies in the same industry to decide which one to invest in.
Similarly, a lender may compare the current year's financial statements to previous years to assess the company's financial health.
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Encik Ali Bakar, a Chief Financial Officer of Second-Hand Bank is evaluating YOONG ONN CORPORATION BERHAD (YOC), for a loan approval. You have been hired to help him diagnose and made recommendation on the loan. Refer to the financial statements of YOC in Exhibit 1.0, you are required to answer the following questions. a. Prepare a common-size analysis for the group for the year of 2021 and 2020 based on Statements of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income. Use revenue as the base. b. Comment on significant trends that appeared in part (a). c. Compute the net trade cycle for the group for Year 2021 and 2020. (Use end-of-year values for computations requiring average)
a. To prepare a common-size analysis for YOONG ONN CORPORATION BERHAD (YOC) for the years 2021 and 2020, based on the Statements of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income, we will use revenue as the base. The common-size analysis is a tool used to compare different items on a financial statement to a common base.
b. In part (a), we will be able to identify significant trends that appeared in the common-size analysis. This analysis will help us understand the relative proportions of various items in the financial statements and identify any changes over time.
c. To compute the net trade cycle for YOC for the years 2021 and 2020, we will need to calculate the average collection period and the average payment period. The net trade cycle measures the time it takes for a company to convert its trade receivables into cash, minus the time it takes to pay its trade payables. By analyzing the net trade cycle, we can assess the efficiency of the company's working capital management.
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Why are there so few women in Science?
Giving a report from an investigated data
Despite making progress in recent years, women continue to be underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. The reasons for the underrepresentation of women in science are numerous and varied, and it is critical that they be addressed.
The following are some of the reasons:Gender stereotypes: Gender stereotypes portray girls and boys in different ways, with girls being portrayed as less competent in math and science. Girls who do well in math and science may feel out of place or unaccepted. This can lead them to avoid math and science classes, where they would be in the minority and could feel judged or criticized by their peers.
Lack of female role models: Women are less likely than men to pursue careers in STEM fields because of a lack of female role models. When women do not see other women working in STEM fields, they may not consider it as a career option.Pervasive sexism: Women are often the target of sexism and harassment in STEM fields, which can make it difficult for them to succeed. Women may be passed over for promotions, be paid less than men for the same work, or be excluded from decision-making roles.
Poor working conditions: STEM fields often require long hours, extensive travel, and little flexibility, which can make it difficult for women who have caregiving responsibilities at home. This can make it difficult for women to stay in STEM fields or to advance in their careers. Additionally, women may experience discrimination in hiring or promotion decisions because of their caregiving responsibilities.Inflexible academic requirements:
STEM fields often require students to take a specific sequence of classes in order to graduate. However, women are more likely than men to take time off from school to have children or to care for family members. When women are unable to complete the required sequence of classes, they may be discouraged from pursuing a STEM career.
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Assume a Saudi Multinational Corporation decided to do a project in Germany one year ago (October 1st, 2021) which would be completed on September 30th, 2022. If the project cost 100 million Euro and expected to generate income of 150 million Euro on September 30th, 2022. The exchange rate at the beginning of the project is 0.23 Euro/SAR and it is 0.27 Euro/SAR at the end of the project. There is no derivative bearing SAR currency, but there is a way a Saudi firm engage into the forward / option market.
⦁ Calculate the initial investment in SAR.
⦁ show the choices for financing this project by the Saudi firm? Just show without calculation.
⦁ Calculate profit from this investment in Euro and SAR, also show whether the Saudi firm hurt or benefit from changes in the exchange rate movement.
⦁ How would the Saudi firm hedge against the exchange rate risk?
The initial investment in SAR would be 434,782,609. Financing choices can be loan from banks, issuance of bonds, or private placements. The profit from this investment in Euro would be 65 million and in SAR would be 241 million.
Given: Project cost = 100 million Euro Expected income = 150 million Euro Exchange rate at the beginning of the project = 0.23 Euro/SAR Exchange rate at the end of the project = 0.27 Euro/SAR1. The initial investment in SAR can be calculated as: Initial investment in Euro = 100 million Euro × 0.23 Euro/SAR = 23 million SAR Exchange rate at the end of the project = 0.27 Euro/SAR
Initial investment in SAR = 23 million SAR ÷ 0.23 Euro/SAR = 434,782,609 SAR2. The choices for financing this project by the Saudi firm are: Loan from banks Issuance of bonds Private placements3. Profit from this investment in Euro: Profit in Euro = Income in Euro - Project cost in Euro = 150 million Euro - 100 million Euro = 50 million Euro Profit from this investment in SAR: Profit in SAR = 50 million Euro × 0.27 Euro/SAR = 13.5 million SAR
Saudi firm would benefit from changes in the exchange rate movement because the exchange rate increased from 0.23 Euro/SAR to 0.27 Euro/SAR.4. The Saudi firm would hedge against the exchange rate risk by engaging in the forward/option market. They could enter into a forward contract or purchase an option to protect against unfavorable exchange rate movements.
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The richest 10% of the world's population is responsible for roughly what percentage of global lifestyle consumption emissions? a. 50% b. 75% c. 10%. d. 90%
According to recent studies, the richest 10% of the world's population is responsible for approximately 50% of global lifestyle consumption emissions. So the correct answer would be option a) 50%.
In the short term, greenhouse gas emissions will continue to rise, but when new technologies are developed and adopted by governments and businesses, this trend may finally change. Even though the global climate may continue to warm, as greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, this trend may gradually turn around. While there are currently insufficient solutions to stop global warming, emerging technologies like carbon capture and storage, solar energy, and aquaculture-based biofuel production show promise. A change in lifestyle, such as utilizing less-fuel-intensive forms of transportation and conserving electricity, is one direct strategy to lower greenhouse gas emissions.
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What is your biggest take-away from our learning about public speaking?
What kind of research did you conduct for your topic? Was this kind of research new to you?
What did you learn from the peer review process, if you participated?
If you recorded a speech:
What went well during the speech? What did not go as planned?
If you had it to do again, what might you do differently?
What did you learn from the speeches of others (examples posted on Canvas, "worst speech ever," etc.)?
Public speaking, also called oration or oratory, is the process of communicating information to a live audience. The type of information communicated is deliberately structured to inform, persuade, and entertain.
Here are some potential answers to the questions you posed:
The biggest take-away from learning about public speaking is that it is a skill that can be developed and improved through practice. Some other takeaways include: the importance of understanding your audience, being well-prepared, using effective body language and vocal delivery, and being confident in your message.
In order to give an effective speech, it is important to conduct research on your topic to gather information and support your message. This research can involve reading books and articles, watching videos, conducting interviews, or gathering data through surveys or experiments. Depending on the topic, this kind of research may be new or familiar to you.
Peer review is a valuable process that allows you to get feedback on your speech from others in your class or community. This feedback can help you identify areas for improvement and refine your message. Some things you may learn from peer review include: the strengths and weaknesses of your speech, how your message is perceived by others, and how you can make your speech more effective.
If you recorded a speech and watched it back, you may notice certain things that went well and others that did not go as planned. Some things that might go well include: clear delivery, engaging content, and effective use of visual aids. Some things that may not go as planned include: technical difficulties, stumbling over words, or losing your place in the speech.
If you had the chance to give the speech again, there may be certain things you would do differently. For example, you might spend more time practicing, adjust the content or delivery, or incorporate feedback from others.
Watching other speeches can be a valuable learning experience because it allows you to see what works and what doesn't. For example, you might notice certain techniques or strategies that are effective, or you might see common mistakes that you can avoid in your own speeches.
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Consider the situation faced by Golden Beverages, a producer of two major products - Old Fashioned and Foamy Delite root beers. Golden Beverages operates as a continuous flow factory and must plan future production for a demand forecast that fluctuates quite a bit over the year, with seasonal peaks in the summer and winter holiday season. How should Golden Beverages plan its overall production for the next 12 months in the face of such fluctuating demand if the chase demand strategy is applied? The data has been collected in the Microsoft Excel Online file belon Open the spreadsheet and perform the required analysis to answer the questions below. Ppen spreadsheet Questions 1. What is the average monthly demand? Round your answer to two decimal places. barrels What is the maximum monthly ending inventory? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. barrels What are the costs associated with chase demand production plan? Round your answers to the nearest cent. \begin{tabular}{cccc} C14 & fx \\ \hline 1 & A & B & C \\ \hline 2 & Aggregate Planning: Chase Demand Strategy \end{tabular} G
Golden Beverages must plan its overall production for the next 12 months in the face of such fluctuating demand if the chase demand strategy is applied by analyzing the data provided in the Microsoft Excel Online file provided.
The answers to the questions asked are as follows:What is the average monthly demand? Round your answer to two decimal places.
1. The average monthly demand = (Total Demand in a year) / 12= 34,870/12= 2,905.83 barrels/month.What is the maximum monthly ending inventory? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. 2. The monthly ending inventory is calculated by subtracting the monthly demand from the monthly production. The maximum ending inventory is the highest ending inventory produced from all the months.
The maximum monthly ending inventory is 4,000 barrels.What are the costs associated with chase demand production plan? Round your answers to the nearest cent. 3. Total Production Costs = (Total Units Produced x Unit Production Cost) + (Total Number of Hiring x Hiring Cost) + (Total Number of Firing x Firing Cost)= (34,870 x 2.5) + (2 x 5,000) + (2 x 10,000)= 87,175Answer:1. The average monthly demand = 2,905.83 barrels/month.2. The maximum monthly ending inventory is 4,000 barrels.3. The total production costs = 87,175.
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\langle\rangle Potential Mutual Funds )) Johnson Equity Sarofim Equity Income (JEQIX) (SRFMX) - 5-Year Return: 12.87% - 5-Year Return: 11.87% - Standard Deviation: - Standard Deviation: 18.13 n. . 19.48 - Minimum investment - Minimum Investment Requirement: $2000 1. Choose two mutual funds to purchase. Search for two mutual funds that your group is interested in investing in and use the Yahool Finance website to find the following information: - Performance. Identify the 5-Year Average Return of each fund. You will use this to estimate your return going forward. For this project, we will require that each fund has at least five years of data. - Risk. Identify the Standard Deviation statistic of each fund. This number represents the volatility of the fund's returns, and hence may be used to measure the risk of losing money on your investment. - Purchase info. Identify the Min Initial investment amount for each fund. For this project, we will require this amount to be non-zero. - IMPORTANT: Report your choice of mutual funds to your instructor as soon as you identify them. No repeats are allowed between groups, so lock yours in as soon as you decide. 2. Write the objective functions. For this project, we will construct two objective functions: one to maximize return and one to minimize risk. - Define the variables x and y as the amounts to be invested in each mutual fund. - Use the information you gathered on the funds' performance to construct an objective function for the total expected return on your investment. - Use the information you gathered on the funds' risk to construct an objective function for the total risk involved in purchasing both funds. We will use a calculation of Std. Dev. × Amount to measure the risk of purchasing shares of a fund. 3. Identify your constraint inequalities. Form constraint inequalities by considering the following limitations on your investment. - The minimum amount needed to start investing in each fund. - The maximum total amount that you have available to invest. To ensure a good range for your results, choose a reasonable number that is at least twice as much as the total minimum amount to purchase the two funds. - To maintain an appropriately diversified portfolio, suppose you intend that the difference between the amounts invested in each fund be no more than 25% of the maximum total amount.
Previous question
The Constraint Inequalities is ≥ 2000y ≥ 2000x + y ≤ (2 * 2000) = 4000x - y ≤ 1000 |x - y| ≤ 0.25(x + y)≥ 0
Based on the given information, two mutual funds that the group may be interested in investing in are:
Johnson Equity Sarofim Equity Income (JEQIX)5-Year Return: 12.87%
Standard Deviation: 18.13
Minimum Investment Requirement: $2000
Sarofim Equity Income (SRFMX)5-Year Return: 11.87%
Standard Deviation: 19.48
Minimum Investment Requirement: $2000
Objective Function to maximize return:
x = amount invested in JEQIX
y = amount invested in SRFMX
Objective Function: Z = 12.87x + 11.87y
Constraint Inequalities:x ≥ 2000y ≥ 2000x + y ≤ (2 * 2000) = 4000x - y ≤ 1000
Objective Function to minimize risk: x = amount invested in JEQI
Xy = amount invested in SRFMX
Objective Function: Z = 18.13x + 19.48y
Constraint Inequalities:
x ≥ 2000y ≥ 2000x + y ≤ (2 * 2000) = 4000x - y ≤ 1000 |x - y| ≤ 0.25(x + y)≥ 0
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Please describe the following:
1. Why are Passports used, when did people start using them - and what are your thoughts on Immigration Law?
2. International Trade Agreements - and why they are created
3. World Bank
4. IMF - International Monetary Fund
1. Passports are used to verify the identity of an individual and to enable them to travel across international borders. They allow the holders to leave their country and enter another legally and officially.
People began to use passports around the time of World War I, with more nations adopting the practice after the war. Passports became more common in the 1920s, and the League of Nations proposed standardizing them in 1920.Immigration law is a contentious subject, with people holding a range of viewpoints. While some people believe that countries should be open to all immigrants, others believe that there should be stricter controls to prevent illegal entry. Still, others believe that countries should only accept immigrants who have the skills that are in demand.
2. International Trade Agreements - and why they are createdInternational trade agreements are created to reduce trade barriers and promote global trade. They are intended to open up markets, eliminate tariffs, and create a level playing field for businesses around the world. Trade agreements are usually negotiated between governments, but businesses can also be involved in the process. They are designed to benefit everyone involved, from producers and consumers to governments and economies.
3. The World Bank is an international organization that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. The bank is made up of two institutions, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The World Bank works to fight poverty and promote sustainable development by providing loans, grants, and technical assistance to developing countries. It focuses on a wide range of issues, including education, health, infrastructure, and the environment.
4. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that promotes international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and economic growth. The IMF was created in 1944 to prevent another global economic depression like the one that occurred during the Great Depression. It provides financial assistance to countries experiencing economic difficulties, and it promotes sound economic policies among its member countries. The IMF also provides technical assistance and training to help countries build their economic capacity.
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