In the given array [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70], the best case, average case, and worst case scenarios for both linear search and binary search can be determined based on the position of the target element being searched. The total number of key comparisons required in each case will also vary depending on the search algorithm used.
Linear Search:
Best Case: The best case scenario for linear search occurs when the target element is found at the very first position in the array. In this case, only one comparison is needed.
Average Case: In the average case, the target element is found in the middle of the array. On average, it would require (n+1)/2 comparisons, where n is the length of the array.
Worst Case: The worst case scenario for linear search occurs when the target element is either not present in the array or it is located at the last position. In this case, n comparisons are needed, where n is the length of the array.
Binary Search:
Best Case: The best case scenario for binary search occurs when the target element is found exactly in the middle of the sorted array. In this case, only one comparison is needed.
Average Case: In the average case, the target element can be located at any position in the array. On average, it would require log2(n)+1 comparisons, where n is the length of the array.
Worst Case: The worst case scenario for binary search occurs when the target element is either not present in the array or it is located at one of the ends. In this case, log2(n)+1 comparisons are needed, where n is the length of the array.
Therefore, in the given array, the best case, average case, and worst case scenarios and the total number of key comparisons required will differ for linear search and binary search based on the position of the target element.
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Explain Fire Barriers and how they differ from Fire
Partitions?
Fire barriers and fire partitions are both used in building design to prevent the spread of fire. However, there are some differences between the two that are important to understand.
Fire partitions are used to divide a building into smaller fire compartments, and they have a fire resistance rating of at least one hour. They are designed to keep smoke and flames from spreading from one compartment to another.
Fire barriers, on the other hand, are designed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke between different types of occupancies (e.g. between a storage facility and an office building). Fire barriers are usually required to have a fire resistance rating of two or three hours.
Fire barriers and partitions are both required to have fire-resistant walls, floors, and ceilings. However, fire barriers are required to have additional features, such as fire doors and smoke dampers, to ensure that they are effective at preventing the spread of fire.
Fire barriers must also be tested and certified by a third-party testing agency to ensure that they meet the required fire resistance ratings.
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Draw the structure of the repeating unit of the polyamide formed from this reaction.
Polyamide is a type of polymer that contains amide linkages in the main chain of the polymer. Nylon for example, is a common type of polyamide.
To draw the structure of the repeating unit of the polyamide formed from a given reaction, you will need to know the monomers involved in the reaction. Once you have the monomers you can draw the repeating unit by linking them together. Here is an example reaction that forms a polyamide.
In this reaction adipoyl chloride and hexamethylenediamine react to form a polyamide. The repeating unit of this polyamide can be drawn by linking the two monomers together. The resulting structure would look like this: where n represents the number of repeating units in the polymer chain.
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Commercial grade HNO3 solutions in water are
typically 70% (by mass). The solution has a density of 1.42 g/mL.
How many grams of HNO3 are in 80 mL of this
solution?
A.56 g
B. 80 g
C. 39 g
D. 162 g
The grams of HNO3 in 80 mL of the 70% HNO3 solution is approximately 80 g.
To calculate the grams of HNO3 in 80 mL of a 70% (by mass) HNO3 solution, we can follow these steps:
Step 1: Convert the volume of the solution to grams.
Density = 1.42 g/mL
Volume of solution = 80 mL
Mass of solution = Volume of solution × Density = 80 mL × 1.42 g/mL
= 113.6 g
Step 2: Calculate the mass of HNO3 in the solution.
Percentage concentration of HNO3 = 70%
Mass of HNO3 = Mass of solution × Percentage concentration
= 113.6 g × 70%
= 79.52 g
Step 3: Round the answer to the nearest whole number.
Rounding 79.52 g to the nearest whole number, we get 80 g.
Therefore: The grams of HNO3 in 80 mL of the 70% HNO3 solution is approximately 80 g.
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Exercise 3. Let G be a group. Suppose that the quotient of G by one of its abelian normal subgroups is abelian. Prove that if H is a subgroup of G, then the quotient of H by one of its abelian normal subgroups is abelian. (Hint: Apply the Second Isomorphism Theorem.)
Applying the Second Isomorphism Theorem allows us to establish the abelian nature of the quotient of a subgroup by one of its abelian normal subgroups. This proof demonstrates the relationship between abelian normal subgroups and the abelian property of quotients, providing a deeper understanding of group theory.
To prove that the quotient of a subgroup H of G by one of its abelian normal subgroups is abelian, we can apply the Second Isomorphism Theorem.
Let N be an abelian normal subgroup of G, and let N ∩ H be the subgroup of N consisting of elements that are also in H. According to the Second Isomorphism Theorem, the quotient group (N ∩ H)N/N is isomorphic to H/(H ∩ N).
Since N is abelian, (N ∩ H)N is also abelian. Moreover, since (N ∩ H)N/N is isomorphic to H/(H ∩ N), it follows that H/(H ∩ N) is abelian as well.
In conclusion, if the quotient of G by one of its abelian normal subgroups is abelian, then the quotient of H by one of its abelian normal subgroups is also abelian.
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WHAT IS THE VOLUME OF THE CUBE
PLEASE SHOW STEP BY STEP HOW TOU GET THE ANSWER
Answer:
216 [tex]in^{3}[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the volume of a cube, we use the equation V=[tex]a^{3}{[/tex], where V=volume and a=side length. In your problem, a=6. So, let's replace a in our equation with 6 to solve for volume.
V=[tex]a^{3}{[/tex] [ Plug in 6 for a ]
V=[tex](6)^{3}[/tex] [ Solve ]
V = 216 [tex]in^{3}[/tex]
So, the volume of the cube is 216 [tex]in^{3}[/tex].
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In your opinion, what will the resultant phase of a pure substance be when its saturated liquid form is heated at a constant specific volume? Explain.
When a saturated liquid form of a pure substance is heated at a constant specific volume, the resultant phase of the substance will be its saturated vapor form.
This is because, at constant specific volume, the substance will undergo a phase change from liquid to vapor as it is heated up. A pure substance is one that is made up of only one type of molecule. It can exist in different phases, including solid, liquid, and gas/vapor. The phase that the substance exists in depends on factors such as temperature and pressure. At a given pressure, if a pure substance is heated up while being kept at a constant specific volume (i.e., its volume is not allowed to change), it will eventually reach a temperature at which it undergoes a phase change from liquid to vapor.
This is because the substance's saturated liquid form can only exist at a certain temperature and pressure combination, and if the temperature is increased beyond this point, the liquid will turn into vapor. Thus, the resultant phase of the substance will be its saturated vapor form.
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Symbolize the following 15 English sentences in the notation we have learned.
1) All students are rich. (Sx: x is a student, Rx: x is rich)
2) Some students can drive. (Sx: x is a student, Dx: x can drive)
3) No student hates logic. (Sx: x is a student, Hx: x hates logic)
4) Some students don’t like History. (Sx: x is a student, Hx: x likes history)
5) Every scoundrel is unhappy. (Sx: x is a scoundrel, Hx: x is happy)
6) Some games are not fun. (Gx: x is a game, Fx: x is fun)
7) No one who is honest is a banker. (Px: x is a person, Hx: is honest, Bx: x is a banker)
8) Some old cars are not fashionable. (Ox: x is old, Cx: x is a car, Fx: x is fashionable)
9) No student is neither clever nor ambitious. (Sx: x is a student, Cx: x is clever, Ax: x is ambitious)
10) Only members are allowed inside without paying. (Mx: x is a member, Ax: x is allowed inside, Px: x has to pay)
11) Unless every professor is friendly, no student is happy. (Px: x is a professor, Fx: x is friendly, Sx: x is a student, Hx: xis happy,)
12) Some students understand every teacher. (Sx: x is a student, Tx: x is a teacher, Uxy: x understands y)
13) Not every doctor likes some of their patients. (Dx: x is a doctor, Pxy: x is a patient of y, Lxy: x likes y)
14) Some students listen to every one of their professors. (Sx: x is a student, Pxy: x is a professor of y, Lxy: x listens to y)
15) Every student who doesn’t read every book will not get any high grades. (Sx: x is a student, Bx: x is a book, Gx: x is a grade, Hx: x is high, Gxy: x gets y, Rxy: x reads y)
To symbolize the given English sentences in logical notation, the following symbols:
Sx: x is a student
Rx: x is rich
Dx: x can drive
Hx: x hates logic
Lxy: x likes y
Gx: x is a game
Fx: x is fun
Px: x is a person
Bx: x is a banker
Ox: x is old
Cx: x is a car
Fx: x is fashionable
Ax: x is ambitious
Mx: x is a member
Ax: x is allowed inside
Px: x has to pay
Px: x is a professor
Fx: x is friendly
Sx: x is a student
Hx: x is happy
Tx: x is a teacher
Uxy: x understands y
Dx: x is a doctor
Pxy: x is a patient of y
Lxy: x likes y
Bx: x is a book
Gx: x is a grade
Hx: x is high
Gxy: x gets y
Rxy: x reads y
All students are rich.
Symbolization: ∀x (Sx → Rx)
Some students can drive.
Symbolization: ∃x (Sx ∧ Dx)
No student hates logic.
Symbolization: ∀x (Sx → ¬Hx)
Some students don't like History.
Symbolization: ∃x (Sx ∧ ¬Hx)
Every scoundrel is unhappy.
Symbolization: ∀x (Sx → ¬Hx)
Some games are not fun.
Symbolization: ∃x (Gx ∧ ¬Fx)
No one who is honest is a banker.
Symbolization: ∀x (Px ∧ Hx → ¬Bx)
Some old cars are not fashionable.
Symbolization: ∃x (Cx ∧ Ox ∧ ¬Fx)
No student is neither clever nor ambitious.
Symbolization: ∀x (Sx → ¬Cx ∧ ¬Ax)
Only members are allowed inside without paying.
Symbolization: ∀x (Ax → Mx → ¬Px)
Unless every professor is friendly, no student is happy.
Symbolization: ∀x (Px → Fx → Sx → ¬Hx)
Some students understand every teacher.
Symbolization: ∃x (Sx ∧ ∀y (Ty → Uxy))
Not every doctor likes some of their patients.
Symbolization: ∀x (Dx → ∃y (Pxy → ¬Lxy))
Some students listen to every one of their professors.
Symbolization: ∃x (Sx ∧ ∀y (Pxy → Lxy))
Every student who doesn’t read every book will not get any high grades.
Symbolization: ∀x (Sx → ∀y (Bx → ¬Rxy → ¬Gy))
In this symbolic notation, quantifiers (∀ for "for all" and ∃ for "there exists") are used to express universal and existential statements, and logical connectives (¬ for "not," ∧ for "and," → for "implies") are used to combine these statements logically.
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Select the lightest available W section of Gr. 50 steel for a beam that is simply supported on the left end and a fixed support on the right end of a 10 meter span. The member supports a service dead load of 3kN/m, including its self weight and a service live load of 4KN/m. The nominal depth of the beam is provided at the ends and 1/3 point of the span. Use cb equivalent to 1.0.
That W100x15 is the lightest available W-section of Gr. 50 steel which can be used for the given beam. The lightest W-section with a Z-value equal to or greater than the required value of 21,875 cm³ is W100x15 which has a b/d ratio of 12.04/9.15.
Service Dead Load = 3kN/m,
including self weight service
Live Load = 4kN/mLength of span (L) = 10mNominal depth of beam provided at ends and 1/3 point of span cb equivalent to 1.0
.Solution:
From the given data, the service load acting on the beam will be equal to:
(3 + 4) kN/m = 7 kN/mTotal Load on the beam,
W = 7 kN/m x 10 m = 70 kN/m
For a beam which is simply supported at one end and fixed at the other end, the maximum bending moment will occur at the fixed end and its value will be:Max Bending Moment,
M = WL/8 = 70 x 10 x 10 / 8 = 875 kN-m
Now, we know that the moment of inertia (I) of a W-section of given size is constant for all the sections having the same size.Hence, the selection of the lightest available W-section depends only on the section modulus (Z). The section modulus is given as:
Z = (1/6) x b x d²
where b = width of the beam and
d = depth of the beam.For maximum efficiency,
the section with the least weight would have the least value of b/d ratio. Hence, we select the W-section with the smallest possible b/d ratio and which also has a Z-value equal to or greater than the required value of the section modulus.The required section modulus of the beam is calculated as follows:
Section modulus,
Z = (M/S) = (σ_y × M) / cbwhere
S = allowable stress (σ_y)
cb = L / 10We can assume that the allowable stress σ_y is equal to 250 MPa for Gr. 50 steel.
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find the basis for the next year
1. 2xy" +(3-4x)y' + (2x-3)y=0
2. y" + y cosa = 0 Get the base 1. 2xy" +(3-4x)y' + (2x-3)y=0
2. y"+ycosx = 0
The general solution for the differential equation is y = ∑(n=2 to ∞) [-aₙcos(x)xⁿ/(n(n-1))].
To find the basis for the next year, we need to solve the given differential equations. Let's solve them one by one.
1. 2xy" + (3 - 4x)y' + (2x - 3)y = 0:
To solve this equation, we can assume a power series solution of the form y = ∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙxⁿ, where aₙ represents the coefficients.
Differentiating y with respect to x, we get:
y' = ∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙn xⁿ⁻¹
Differentiating y' with respect to x again, we get:
y" = ∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙn(n-1) xⁿ⁻²
Substituting these derivatives into the given differential equation, we have:
2x∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙn(n-1) xⁿ⁻² + (3 - 4x)∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙn xⁿ⁻¹ + (2x - 3)∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙxⁿ = 0
Simplifying the equation and grouping terms with the same power of x:
∑(n=0 to ∞) [2aₙn(n-1)xⁿ + 3aₙn xⁿ⁻¹ + 2aₙxⁿ - 4aₙn xⁿ⁻¹ - 3aₙxⁿ] = 0
Now, we equate the coefficients of each power of x to zero:
n = 0: 2a₀₀(0)(-1) + 3a₀₀ = 0 ⟹ a₀₀ = 0
n = 1: 2a₁₀(1)(0) + 3a₁₀ - 4a₁₀ + 2a₁ - 3a₁ = 0 ⟹ 2a₁₀ + 2a₁ = 0 ⟹ a₁₀ = -a₁
n ≥ 2: 2aₙn(n-1) + 3aₙn - 4aₙn + 2aₙ - 3aₙ = 0 ⟹ 2aₙn(n-1) + 2aₙ = 0 ⟹ aₙ = 0, for n ≥ 2
Therefore, the general solution for the differential equation is y = a₁x - a₁x².
2. y" + ycosx = 0:
To solve this equation, we can use the power series method again. Assume a power series solution of the form y = ∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙxⁿ.
Differentiating y with respect to x twice, we get:
y" = ∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙn(n-1)xⁿ⁻²
Substituting these derivatives into the given differential equation, we have:
∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙn(n-1)xⁿ⁻² + ∑(n=0 to ∞) aₙcos(x)xⁿ = 0
Equating the coefficients of each power of x to zero:
n = 0: a₀₀(0)(-1) + a₀cos(x) = 0 ⟹ a₀ = 0
n = 1
: a₁₁(1)(0) + a₁cos(x) = 0 ⟹ a₁ = 0
n ≥ 2: aₙn(n-1) + aₙcos(x) = 0 ⟹ aₙ = -aₙcos(x)/(n(n-1)), for n ≥ 2
Therefore, the general solution for the differential equation is y = ∑(n=2 to ∞) [-aₙcos(x)xⁿ/(n(n-1))].
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Show that if E is L-non-measurable, then ∃ a proper subset B of E such that 0<μ∗(B)<[infinity].
If E is L-non-measurable, then there exists a proper subset B of E such that 0 < μ∗(B) < ∞.
In measure theory, a set E is said to be L-non-measurable if it does not have a well-defined measure. This means that there is no consistent way to assign a non-negative real number to every subset of E that satisfies certain properties of a measure.
Now, if E is L-non-measurable, it implies that the measure μ∗(E) of E is either undefined or infinite. In either case, we can find a proper subset B of E such that the measure of B, denoted by μ∗(B), is strictly greater than 0 but less than infinity.
To see why this is true, consider the following: Since E is L-non-measurable, there is no well-defined measure on E. This means that there are subsets of E that cannot be assigned a measure, including some subsets that have positive "size" or "content." We can then choose one such subset B that has a positive "size" according to an informal notion of size or content.
By construction, B is a proper subset of E, meaning it is not equal to E itself. Moreover, since B has positive "size," we can conclude that 0 < μ∗(B). Additionally, because B is a proper subset of E, it cannot have the same "size" as E, which implies that μ∗(B) is strictly less than infinity.
In summary, if E is L-non-measurable, we can always find a proper subset B of E such that 0 < μ∗(B) < ∞.
In measure theory, the concept of measurability is fundamental in defining measures. Measurable sets are those for which a measure can be assigned in a consistent and well-defined manner. However, there exist sets that are not measurable, known as non-measurable sets.
The existence of non-measurable sets relies on the Axiom of Choice, a principle in set theory that allows for the selection of an element from an arbitrary collection of sets. It is through this axiom that we can construct non-measurable sets, which defy a well-defined measure.
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11634 Ibm/h of a 80 weight% H2SO4 solution in water at 120F is continuously diluted with chilled water at 40F to yield a stream
containing 50 weight % H2SO4 at 140F. What is the rate of heat transfer in Btu/h for the mixing process? Assume that the chilled
water is saturated liquid.
The rate of heat transfer in Btu/h for the mixing process is given by Q = -9.282mi + 15000. The heat transfer rate, we can use the formula Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat transferred, m is the mass, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
First, we need to calculate the mass and specific heat of the solution by applying mass balance and energy balance equations.
Mass balance:
mi = mf (1)
where mi is the mass flow rate of the initial solution, and mf is the mass flow rate of the final stream.
From the mass balance equation, we have:
mi = mf + mw (2)
where mw is the mass flow rate of water.
The weight percent of the solution can be expressed in terms of specific gravity (SG) using the equation:
w = [(SG - 1)/(SG + 1)] × 100
The specific gravity of the solution can be calculated using the equation:
SG = 1.0054 + 0.0005 × °API + 0.0012 × % H2SO4
The specific heat of the solution (cp) can be calculated using the equation:
cp = 0.4479 + 0.000125 * t
The mass flow rate of water is:
m w = 150 - mi [lb/h]
We will use the energy balance equation to calculate the rate of heat transfer:
Q = mi × cp × ΔTi + mW × cW × ΔTw
where ΔTi = 120 - 140 = -20°F (temperature drop of H2SO4 solution)
cP = 0.4479 + 0.000125 × 120 = 0.4629 Btu/lbm °F
Tw = 40 - 140 = -100°F (temperature drop of water)
cW = 1 Btu/lbm °F (specific heat of water)
So,
Q = (mi × 0.4629 × -20) + (150 - mi) × 1 × -100
Q = -9.258mi + 15000
Since the stream contains 50 weight% of H2SO4, the mass flow rate of the final stream, mf = mi, and the mass flow rate of water, mw = 150 - mi.
From equation (2):
mi + mw = mf
The final stream contains 50 weight% of H2SO4, therefore:
0.5 = [(SG - 1)/(SG + 1)] × 100
=> SG = 1.2
From the equation:
SG = 1.0054 + 0.0005 * °API + 0.0012 * %H2SO4
=> 1.2 = 1.0054 + 0.0012 × %H2SO4
=> %H2SO4 = 165
Therefore, the specific gravity of the final solution is 1.2 at 140°F. The specific heat of the final solution (cp) can be calculated using the equation:
cp = 0.4479 + 0.000125 * 140 = 0.4641 Btu/lbm °F
We will apply the energy balance equation to calculate the heat transfer rate:
Q = mi × cp × ΔTi + mW × cW × ΔTw
Q = (mi × 0.4641 × -20) + (150 - mi) ×
1 × -100
Q = -9.282mi + 15000
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A tank contains 1600 L of pure water. Solution that contains 0.02 kg of sugar per liter enters the tank at the rate 8 L/min, and is thoroughly mixed into it. The new solution drains out of the tank at the same rate. (a) How much sugar is in the tank at the begining? y(0) (kg) (b) Find the amount of sugar after t minutes. y(t) (kg) (c) As t becomes large, what value is y(t) approaching? In other words, calculate the following limit. lim y(t) t→[infinity] (kg)
The volume of the tank remains constant, the rate of change of the amount of sugar in the tank is zero. Therefore, the amount of sugar in the tank remains constant over time, and y(t) = y(0) = 0.16 kg.
Let's solve the problem step by step:
(a) To find the amount of sugar in the tank at the beginning, we can calculate the initial amount of sugar when 8 liters of the solution enter the tank. The concentration of sugar in the solution is 0.02 kg/L, and 8 liters of the solution enter per minute. Therefore, the initial amount of sugar in the tank is:
y(0) = 0.02 kg/L * 8 L = 0.16 kg
So, at the beginning, there are 0.16 kg of sugar in the tank.
(b) To find the amount of sugar after t minutes, we need to consider the rate at which the solution enters and drains from the tank. For every minute, 8 liters of the solution enter and drain from the tank, resulting in a constant volume of 1600 liters in the tank.
The amount of sugar entering the tank per minute is:
0.02 kg/L * 8 L = 0.16 kg/min
The amount of sugar leaving the tank per minute is also 0.16 kg/min since the concentration remains constant in the tank.
Since the volume of the tank remains constant, the rate of change of the amount of sugar in the tank is zero. Therefore, the amount of sugar in the tank remains constant over time, and y(t) = y(0) = 0.16 kg.
(c) As t becomes large, the value of y(t) approaches the initial amount of sugar in the tank, which is y(0) = 0.16 kg. Therefore, the limit of y(t) as t approaches infinity is:
lim y(t) as t→∞ = 0.16 kg.
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If 9.67 moles of phosphorus reacts with oxygen according to the balanced chemical equation below, how many grams of oxygen are needed for a complete reaction? 4P + 5O2 --> 2P2O5
The number of grams of oxygen required for the complete reaction of 9.67 moles of phosphorus is approximately 781.6 grams.
According to the balanced chemical equation:
4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5
The stoichiometric ratio between phosphorus and oxygen is 4:5. This means that for every 4 moles of phosphorus, 5 moles of oxygen are required to completely react.
Given that we have 9.67 moles of phosphorus, we can set up a proportion to calculate the moles of oxygen required:
4 moles of phosphorus / 5 moles of oxygen = 9.67 moles of phosphorus / X moles of oxygen
Solving for X, we find:
X = (5 moles of oxygen * 9.67 moles of phosphorus) / 4 moles of phosphorus
Now we can convert moles of oxygen to grams using the molar mass of oxygen (O2) which is approximately 32 g/mol:
Grams of oxygen = X moles of oxygen * molar mass of oxygen
By plugging in the calculated value of X, we can determine the grams of oxygen required for the complete reaction.
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Give the electron configuration for the following (must do all 3): a. Te b. Cr c. Zn²+ Select all of the following that canNOT exceed the octet rule OP Kr C F
a. The electron configuration for the element Te is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁴.b. The electron configuration for the element Cr is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁵4s¹.c. The electron configuration for the ion Zn²⁺ is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰.
Te: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁴Cr: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁵4s¹Zn²⁺: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰.
This question is divided into three parts where the electron configurations of three elements are asked.
The electron configuration of the first element which is Te is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁴.
The electron configuration of the second element which is Cr is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁵4s¹ and the electron configuration of the third element which is Zn²⁺ is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰.
Only F canNOT exceed the octet rule.
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Determine the pipe diameters on the drive line if Q design = 500 GPM (use the Darcy-Weisbach method). Determine the dimensions of the regulating tank. Also, calculate the pump power (Efficiency=70%, depth 80 ft); take into account a calculated safety factor within your pump TDH calculations. The pressure at the discharge point is 5 m. The friction factor for PVC is 0.016, and for steel it is 0.022.
The pipe diameters on the drive line using the Darcy-Weisbach method are
D_pvc = 3.18 inches and D_steel = 2.98 inches.
The given problem deals with the determination of the pipe diameters on the drive line using the Darcy-Weisbach method, calculating the dimensions of the regulating tank, and calculating the pump power by taking into account a calculated safety factor within your pump TDH calculations.
Let us solve the problem step by step:Given Data:
Flow Rate, Q design = 500 GPM
Pressure at the discharge point, P = 5 m
Efficiency of the pump, η = 70%Depth, h = 80 ft
Friction factor for PVC, f_pvc = 0.016
Friction factor for Steel, f_steel = 0.022.
Therefore,
The dimensions of the regulating tank are L = 79.7 ft.
The Pump Power is P = 170.32 HP.
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Is fed gasoline mixture and coloring to the distillation tower it contains (40%)Gasoline we want to separate To get the result of its concentration(90%) gasoline and the remainder contains(10%gasoline )If you know that this mixture enters the tower at its boiling point If you know that this mixture enters the tower at its boiling point(3)And the equilibrium relationship is as follows
X:0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Y:0.22 0.38 0.51 0.63 0.7 0.76 0.85 0.91 1.0
Answer the following questions:
How many theoretical trays?
The efficiency of the tower if you know that the real trays are equal to (5)trays ?
Feed tray number ?
1. The number of theoretical trays is 9.
2. The efficiency of the tower is 1.8.
3. The feed tray number is 3.
Based on the given information, let's break down the questions one by one:
1. To determine the number of theoretical trays in the distillation tower, we can use the equilibrium relationship between the liquid phase composition (Y) and the vapor phase composition (X). The equilibrium data given in the question shows the relationship between X and Y at various stages of the distillation process.
By examining the equilibrium data, we can see that as X increases from 0.1 to 0.9, Y increases from 0.22 to 1.0. However, when X reaches 1.0, Y also reaches 1.0. This indicates that the mixture has achieved complete separation.
Therefore, the number of theoretical trays required can be determined by counting the number of stages from X = 0.1 to X = 1.0. In this case, there are 9 stages or theoretical trays.
2. The efficiency of the distillation tower can be calculated by dividing the number of theoretical trays by the number of actual trays. In this case, we are given that the number of actual trays is 5.
Efficiency = Number of theoretical trays / Number of actual trays
Efficiency = 9 / 5 = 1.8
Therefore, the efficiency of the tower is 1.8.
3. The feed tray is the tray at which the mixture enters the distillation tower. In this case, it is given that the mixture enters at its boiling point, which is tray number 3.
So, the feed tray number is 3.
To summarize:
1. The number of theoretical trays is 9.
2. The efficiency of the tower is 1.8.
3. The feed tray number is 3.
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Question 2 If 15 m³/s of water flows down a spillway onto a horizontal floor of 3m wide and upstream depth of Im with a velocity of 5 m/s, determine: i. The downstream depth required to cause a hydraulic jump. ii. Height of hydraulic jump. iii. The loss in energy head. iv. The losses in power by the jump. V. The type of flow after the jump.
The losses in power by the jump is -15546.1 W.V. Type of flow after the jump: After the hydraulic jump, the type of flow is subcritical flow.
To determine the characteristics of the hydraulic jump, we can use the principles of conservation of mass and energy.
Given the following information:
Flow rate (Q) = 15 m³/s
Width of the floor (b) = 3 m
Upstream depth (h₁) = Im (unknown)
Upstream velocity (V₁) = 5 m/s
i). The downstream depth required to cause a hydraulic jump:
To determine the downstream depth (h₂),
we can use the energy equation:
h₂ = h₁ + (V₁² / (2g)) - (Q² / (2g × b² × h₁²))
Where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
ii). Height of the hydraulic jump:
The height of the hydraulic jump (H) can be calculated using the specific energy equation:
[tex]H=(V_1^2 / (2g)) * ((1 + (Q / (b * V_1 * h_1)))^{(2/3)} - 1)[/tex]
iii). The loss in energy head:
The loss in energy head (ΔE) can be calculated by subtracting the specific energy at the hydraulic jump (E₂) from the specific energy at the upstream condition (E₁):
ΔE = E₁ - E₂
ΔE = (V₁² / (2g)) - (V₂² / (2g)) + g × (h₁ - h₂)
iv). The losses in power by the jump:
The power loss (Ploss) can be calculated by multiplying the loss in energy head (ΔE) by the flow rate (Q):
Ploss = ΔE × Q
The losses in power by the jump is -15546.1 W.V.
v). The type of flow after the jump:
The type of flow after the jump can be determined based on the Froude number (Fr₂) calculated using the downstream depth (h₂) and downstream velocity (V₂):
Fr₂ = V₂ / √(g × h₂)
If Fr₂ < 1, the flow is subcritical (tranquil flow).
If Fr₂ > 1, the flow is supercritical (rapid flow).
Type of flow after the jump: After the hydraulic jump, the type of flow is subcritical flow.
Therefore, the losses in power by the jump is -15546.1 W.V. Type of flow after the jump: After the hydraulic jump, the type of flow is subcritical flow.
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Write this ratio as a fraction in lowest terms. 40 minutes to 70 minutes 40 minutes to 70 minutes is (Simplify your answer. Type a fraction.)
The ratio 40 minutes to 70 minutes can be written as 4/7 in lowest terms.
To understand how we arrived at the fraction 4/7, let's break down the process of simplifying the given ratio.
Step 1: Write the ratio as a fraction
The ratio 40 minutes to 70 minutes can be expressed as a fraction: 40/70.
Step 2: Find the greatest common divisor (GCD)
To simplify the fraction, we need to determine the GCD of the numerator (40) and the denominator (70). The GCD is the largest number that evenly divides both numbers. In this case, the GCD of 40 and 70 is 10.
Step 3: Divide by the GCD
We divide both the numerator and denominator of the fraction by the GCD (10). Dividing 40 by 10 gives us 4, and dividing 70 by 10 gives us 7.
Therefore, the simplified fraction is 4/7, which represents the ratio of 40 minutes to 70 minutes in its lowest terms.
Simplifying fractions is a fundamental concept in mathematics that involves reducing fractions to their simplest form. By dividing both the numerator and denominator by their GCD, we eliminate any common factors and obtain a fraction that cannot be further simplified.
This process allows us to express ratios and proportions in their most concise and understandable form.
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Problem 2. Find the center of mass of a uniform mass distribution on the 2-dimensional region in the Cartesian plane bounded by the curves y =√1-a², y=0, x=0, x= 1.
The center of mass of the uniform mass distribution on the given 2-dimensional region is at (1/2, a/3), where 'a' is the length of the interval on the y-axis.
To find the center of mass, we need to calculate the x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the center of mass separately. The x-coordinate is obtained by integrating x multiplied by the mass distribution function over the region and dividing it by the total mass. In this case, the total mass is the length of the interval on the x-axis, which is 1.
The y-coordinate of the center of mass is obtained by integrating y multiplied by the mass distribution function over the region and dividing it by the total mass. The mass distribution function is constant, so it can be taken out of the integral. Integrating y over the given region gives the area of the region, which is 1/2 * a.
Thus, the x-coordinate of the center of mass is (1/2) * (1/1) = 1/2, and the y-coordinate is (1/2 * a) / (1/1) = a/2. Therefore, the center of mass is located at (1/2, a/2).
Please note that in the original question, there is a typo in the equation for the curve. It should be y = √(1 - x²), not y = √(1 - a²).
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how do i figure out y=mx+b
Answer: y= -2x+9
Step-by-step explanation:
m is the increase each time the x axis goes up one
We can see that it goes down 2 every time so the m value is -2
the b value is the number when the x axis is at 0, we can see on the y axis this number is 9
The equation is:
y = -2x + 9
Work and explanation:
We should first find the slope of the graphed line.
Remember that :
[tex]\boldsymbol{m=\dfrac{rise}{run}}[/tex]
rise = how many units we move up/down the y axis
run = how far we move on the x axis
The given slope goes "down 2, over 1" so:
rise = -2run = 1That makes the slope:
[tex]\boldsymbol{m=-\dfrac{2}{1}}[/tex]
If simplified, it gives us -2. So we have figured out the slope, m. Now, to figure out the y intercept, we should look at where the graphed line intercepts the y axis. This happens at (0, 9).
The y intercept is the second number; therefore the y intercept is 9.
Therefore, the equation is y = -2x + 9.
The mix proportion (without adjustments) by weight (SSD) is for concrete mix designed according to ACI 211. The fresh concrete density was 2370 kg/m3 and w/c=0.4. The content of fine aggregate (SSD) is equal to 600 kg per cubic meter and entrapped air is 2%. The specific gravity for .coarse and fine aggregates is 2.67 and 2.65 respectively 1:2.89 3.86 O 1: 1.27:2.35 O 1:1.85: 2.73 O 1: 2.31: 3.37 O
Answer: the mix proportion (without adjustments) by weight (SSD) for the concrete mix designed according to ACI 211 is not directly provided. It requires additional information such as the weight of water and the desired cement content to determine the mix proportion accurately.
The mix proportion (without adjustments) by weight (SSD) for the concrete mix designed according to ACI 211 can be determined using the given information.
Step 1: Calculate the absolute volume of fine aggregate:
Absolute volume of fine aggregate = (content of fine aggregate in kg per cubic meter) / (density of fine aggregate in kg/m3)
Absolute volume of fine aggregate = 600 kg/m3 / 2370 kg/m3
Absolute volume of fine aggregate = 0.253
Step 2: Calculate the absolute volume of entrapped air:
Absolute volume of entrapped air = (volume of entrapped air in %) / 100
Absolute volume of entrapped air = 2% / 100
Absolute volume of entrapped air = 0.02
Step 3: Calculate the absolute volume of coarse aggregate:
Absolute volume of coarse aggregate = 1 - (w/c + absolute volume of fine aggregate + absolute volume of entrapped air)
Absolute volume of coarse aggregate = 1 - (0.4 + 0.253 + 0.02)
Absolute volume of coarse aggregate = 0.327
Step 4: Calculate the weight of fine aggregate:
Weight of fine aggregate = (absolute volume of fine aggregate) * (density of fine aggregate)
Weight of fine aggregate = 0.253 * 2370 kg/m3
Weight of fine aggregate = 600 kg
Step 5: Calculate the weight of coarse aggregate:
Weight of coarse aggregate = (absolute volume of coarse aggregate) * (density of coarse aggregate)
Weight of coarse aggregate = 0.327 * (density of coarse aggregate)
Weight of coarse aggregate = 0.327 * (2.67 * 1000) kg/m3
Weight of coarse aggregate = 878.7 kg
Step 6: Calculate the weight of water:
Weight of water = (w/c) * (weight of cement)
Weight of water = 0.4 * (weight of cement)
Step 7: Calculate the weight of cement:
Weight of cement = (weight of water) / (w/c)
Weight of cement = (weight of water) / 0.4
Based on the given information, the mix proportion (without adjustments) by weight (SSD) for the concrete mix designed according to ACI 211 is not directly provided. It requires additional information such as the weight of water and the desired cement content to determine the mix proportion accurately.
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At a local college ,four sections of economics was taught during the day cons use what is the probably that she taking a right and two sections are taught at night 85 percent of the day section are taught by Full time faculty 15 percent of the evening sections taught by Economics use what is the probably that she taking a right
The probably that she is taking right class (Type traction)
The probability that she is taking the right class is approximately 0.57, or 57%.
The probability of taking the right class can be calculated by considering the number of day and evening sections and the percentage of full-time faculty teaching during the day.
Let's break down the given information:
- There are four sections of economics taught during the day.
- Two sections are taught at night.
- 85% of the day sections are taught by full-time faculty.
- 15% of the evening sections are taught by economics faculty.
To calculate the probability, we need to determine the likelihood of taking a day class taught by a full-time faculty member.
Step-by-step calculation:
1. Calculate the total number of sections: 4 day sections + 2 evening sections = 6 sections in total.
2. Calculate the number of day sections taught by full-time faculty: 85% of 4 = 0.85 * 4 = 3.4 (round to the nearest whole number)
3. Calculate the total number of sections taught by full-time faculty: 3.4 day sections + 0 evening sections = 3.4 sections (round to the nearest whole number)
Now, we can calculate the probability of taking the right class:
Probability = Number of desired outcomes / Total number of outcomes
Desired outcomes: Taking a day class taught by full-time faculty (3.4 sections)
Total outcomes: Total number of sections (6 sections)
Probability = 3.4 sections / 6 sections
Therefore, the probability that she is taking the right class is approximately 0.57, or 57%.
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Let a sequence (an)n=1,2,3,… satisfy Then, for any n=1,2,3,…, an=(1)×(2)0^n+(3)×(4)(2)>(4).
We can conclude that for any given sequence (an)n=1,2,3,…, the values of the sequence lie in the closed interval [1,4]. For any n=1,2,3,…, an=(1)×(2)0^n+(3)×(4)(2)>(4) satisfies the inequality 1 ≤ an ≤ 4.
Let a sequence (an)n=1,2,3,… satisfy
Then, for any n=1,2,3,…, an=(1)×(2)0^n+(3)×(4)(2)>(4).
The formula for the given sequence is an=(1)×(2)0^n+(3)×(4)(2)>(4).
We can observe that an is a weighted average of the two numbers 2^0 = 1 and 4^1 = 4 i.e, an = (1/4) × (4) + (3/4) × (1)
An equivalent way to express this is an=(3/4)(1)+(1/4)(4)
Using the above representation, we can say that (an) is a convex combination of the numbers 1 and 4.
Hence, we can conclude that for any given sequence (an)n=1,2,3,…, the values of the sequence lie in the closed interval [1,4].
Therefore, for any n=1,2,3,…, an=(1)×(2)0^n+(3)×(4)(2)>(4) satisfies the inequality 1 ≤ an ≤ 4.
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(i) Under what circumstances would linear stretching be used in a thermography image? (ii) A 12-bit thermogram is found to have minimum and maximum values are 380 and 2900 , respectively. What is the value of a pixel of observed value 2540 after applying linear stretching?
After applying linear stretching, the pixel with an observed value of 2540 will have a stretched value of approximately 128.5714 in the range of 0 to 150.
(i) Linear stretching is used in thermography images to enhance the visibility and contrast of temperature variations. It is typically applied to adjust the pixel values in the image to a wider dynamic range, making it easier to interpret temperature differences.
(ii) To find the value of a pixel after applying linear stretching, we need to calculate the stretched value using the formula:
Stretched Value = (Original Value - Minimum Value) * (New Max - New Min) / (Original Max - Original Min) + New Min
In this case, the original value is 2540, the minimum value is 380, the maximum value is 2900, and the new minimum and maximum values depend on the desired stretched range.
Let's assume we want to stretch the range from 0 to 150. The new minimum value is 0, and the new maximum value is 150.
Using the formula, we can calculate the stretched value:
Stretched Value = (2540 - 380) * (150 - 0) / (2900 - 380) + 0
Simplifying the equation:
Stretched Value = 2160 * 150 / 2520
Calculating the value:
Stretched Value = 128.5714
Therefore, after applying linear stretching, the pixel with an observed value of 2540 will have a stretched value of approximately 128.5714 in the range of 0 to 150.
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What is the difference between emulsion polymerization and
interfacial polymerization?
Emulsion polymerization and interfacial polymerization are two methods of polymerization. Here are the differences between the two methods:Emulsion PolymerizationEmulsion polymerization is a type of free-radical polymerization that involves a water-soluble initiator. It occurs when monomers are dispersed in water in the presence of a surfactant and a water-soluble initiator that decomposes into free radicals, initiating the polymerization process.
Emulsion polymerization produces waterborne polymers that are widely used in paints, adhesives, and other applications.Emulsion polymerization is advantageous in that it requires less energy than other polymerization methods, and it produces polymers that are easier to purify and handle. However, it can be difficult to control the particle size and shape of the polymer that is produced.
Interfacial Polymerization: Interfacial polymerization involves the reaction of two different monomers, one dissolved in an aqueous solution and the other in an organic solvent. The two monomers are brought into contact at an interface between the two solvents, where they react to form a polymer.Interfacial polymerization is useful for producing polymers with different chemical properties and structures. It is also useful for creating polymer films and coatings.
However, it requires more energy than emulsion polymerization and produces more waste.
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What is the value of a in the equation 3a+ b=54 when B=9?
The answer is:
a = 15
Work/explanation:
Plug in 9 for B :
[tex]\sf{3a + b =54}[/tex]
[tex]\sf{3a + 9 =54}[/tex]
Subtract 9 from each side:
[tex]\sf{3a=45}[/tex]
Divide each side by 3:
[tex]\sf{a=15}[/tex]
Therefore, the answer is a = 15.Navier Stokes For Blood Clot region - Find out Velocity Profile and Net Momentum loss
Navier Stokes For Blood Clot region - Velocity Profile and Net Momentum loss.
The Navier-Stokes equation is a set of equations in fluid mechanics that represents the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. It's a complicated set of nonlinear partial differential equations that describe fluid motion in three dimensions. The flow of blood is a complex fluid flow that is affected by numerous factors, including flow velocity, blood vessel wall properties, and fluid viscosity.
To investigate blood flow, the Navier-Stokes equation may be used. The velocity profile and net momentum loss are then determined using the Navier-Stokes equation. The following is the detailed answer for this question:Velocity Profile:Velocity is a vector quantity that represents the rate of motion in a particular direction. Blood flow velocity is a critical indicator of vascular health.
The velocity profile in the Navier-Stokes equation is determined by determining the velocity at various points in a given fluid. This is accomplished by solving a set of differential equations that take into account the fluid's viscosity, density, and other physical properties.Net Momentum Loss:When a fluid flows through a blood vessel, it exerts a force on the vessel walls. This is referred to as a momentum transfer.
The momentum transfer rate, which is the rate at which momentum is transferred to the vessel walls, is determined using the Navier-Stokes equation. The momentum transfer rate is determined by integrating the fluid's momentum flux over the vessel's cross-sectional area. The net momentum loss can be calculated by subtracting the momentum transfer rate from the initial momentum of the fluid.
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What is the pH of the ammonia solution? Write an equation that explains its pH. What is the pH of the ammonium chloride solution? Write an equation that explains its pH. Could you make a buffer by combining these two compounds? Why or why not?
The pH of an ammonia solution is between 11 and 13. The pH of an ammonium chloride solution is between 4.5 and 6. Yes, you could make a buffer by combining ammonia and ammonium chloride.
The pH of an ammonia solution is typically between 11 and 13. This is because ammonia is a base, and it dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions, which increase the pH of the solution. The equation that explains the pH of an ammonia solution is:
N[tex]H_3[/tex] + [tex]H_2[/tex]O <=> N[tex]H_4^+[/tex]+ O[tex]H^-[/tex]
The pH of an ammonium chloride solution is typically between 4.5 and 6. This is because ammonium chloride is a weak acid, and it dissociates in water to form ammonium ions and chloride ions. The equation that explains the pH of an ammonium chloride solution is:
N[tex]H_4[/tex]Cl + [tex]H_2[/tex]O <=> N[tex]H_4^+[/tex] + [tex]Cl^-[/tex]
Yes, you could make a buffer by combining ammonia and ammonium chloride. A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. The ammonia and ammonium chloride would react to form a weak acid and a weak base, which would help to keep the pH of the solution relatively constant.
The equation for the reaction of ammonia and ammonium chloride to form a buffer is:
N[tex]H_3[/tex] + N[tex]H_4[/tex]Cl <=> N[tex]H_4^+[/tex] + N[tex]H_3[/tex]Cl
The ammonium chloride would act as the weak acid, and the ammonia would act as the weak base. The buffer would resist changes in pH because the ammonia would react with any added acid to form ammonium chloride, and the ammonium chloride would react with any added base to form ammonia.
In summary, ammonia is a base and ammonium chloride is a weak acid. When these two compounds are combined, they form a buffer that resists changes in pH.
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Iron has a density of 8.1 g/cm³. What is the mass (in g) of a cube of iron with the length of one side equal to 55.2 mm?
The mass of the cube of iron with a side length of 55.2 mm and volume of 168.97 cm³ is approximately 1367.737 grams.
The density of iron is 8.1 g/cm³. To find the mass of a cube of iron with a side length of 55.2 mm, we need to first convert the side length to centimeters.
1. Convert the side length from millimeters (mm) to centimeters (cm).
Since 1 cm = 10 mm, we divide 55.2 mm by 10 to get 5.52 cm.
2. Calculate the volume of the cube.
The volume of a cube is found by cubing the length of one side.
So, the volume of the cube is (5.52 cm)^3 = 168.97 cm³.
3. Use the formula for density to find the mass.
Density is defined as mass divided by volume.
Rearranging the formula, we get mass = density × volume.
Substituting the given values, mass = 8.1 g/cm³ × 168.97 cm³ = 1367.737 g.
Therefore, the mass of the cube of iron with a side length of 55.2 mm is approximately 1367.737 grams.
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Directions: Solve the following problems using the GRADS-IDEA method and upload your scans or typed responses. 1. During the process of fermentation, glucose breaks down into ethanol and carbon dioxide. a. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. b. Using standard heat of formation values, calculate the heat of reaction if 20 mol of glucose are degraded in this reaction. C. Suppose the reaction does not go to completion. Calculate the heat of reaction if the fractional conversion of glucose is 0.7.
a. The balanced equation is C₆H₁₂O₆ ⇒ 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
b. Heat of reaction is -1378 KJ/mol.
c. Heat of reaction for reaction with conversion 0.7 is -964.6 KJ/mol.
Given that,
a. We have to find the balanced equation for this reaction.
The balance equation for fermentation of glucose is
C₆H₁₂O₆ ⇒ 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
Therefore, The balanced equation is C₆H₁₂O₆ ⇒ 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
b. We have to calculate the heat of reaction if 20 mol of glucose are degraded in this reaction using standard heat of formation values.
Standard heat of formation of Glucose is 1273.3 KJ/mol
Standard heat of formation of Ethanol is 277.6 KJ/mol
Standard heat of formation of Carbon dioxide is 393.5 KJ/mol
Number of mole of glucose are 20 mole
Number of moles of ethanol formed in complete reaction is 2×20 = 40 mole
Number of moles of Carbon Dioxide formed in complete reaction is 2×20 = 40 mole
Heat of reaction = ΔH (products) – ΔH (reactants)
So,
Heat of products is 40 × (-277.6) + 40 × (-393.5) = -26,844 KJ/mol
Heat of reactants is 20 × (-1273.3)= -25,466 KJ/mol
Heat of reaction = -26,844 - (-25,466)= -1378 KJ/mol
Therefore, Heat of reaction is -1378 KJ/mol.
c. Let the reaction does not go to completion.
In the event where the fractional conversion of glucose is 0.7, we must determine the heat of reaction.
The fractional conversion of glucose is 0.7
Number of glucose that will react = 0.7 × 20 = 14 mole
So, only 14 mole of glucose will react. Rest 6 moles would not undergo reaction and there will not be considered.
Number of moles of ethanol formed = 2 × 14= 28 mole
Number of moles of carbon dioxide formed= 28 mole
Now calculation heat of reaction
Heat of products is 28 × (-277.6) + 28 × (-393.5) = -18790.8 KJ/mol
Heat of reactants is 14 × (-1273.3)= -17826.2 KJ/mol
Heat of reaction = -18790.8 - (-17826.2)= -964.6 KJ/mol
Therefore, Heat of reaction for reaction with conversion 0.7 is -964.6 KJ/mol.
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