QUSTION 2 Describe the following on Optical wave guides; a) The theory of operation, structure and characteristics b) Modes of operation c) Application [10marks] [5marks] [5marks]

1. The speed of the arrow as it leaves the bow is 109.7 m/s.

2. A) The speed of the ball 1 is 3.10 m/s towards east and B) the speed of ball 2 is 0.70 m/s towards east after the collision

3.The speed of the sports car before the collision is 3.3469 m/s.

Problem 1Given data;mass of the arrow, m = 85 g = 0.085 kgsForce applied by the bowstring, F = 105 NDisplacement, d = 75 cm = 0.75 mSpeed of the arrow, v can be calculated using work-energy theorem.W=K.E=(1/2)mv²initial K.E of the arrow is zero since it is at rest before it is shot from the bow.Force (F) can be obtained using Hooke's law:F=kxwhere k is the spring constant and x is the displacement of the string from its original position;

F=kxdSince the force is not constant and increases linearly with displacement, we need to determine the average force acting on the arrow;F=(105 N/0.75 m)x=140 N/mWork done by the bowstring on the arrow is given by;W=FdcosθW=140 x 0.75 x cos(0)W=105 JoulesK.E gained by the arrow is equal to the work done by the bowstringK.E=(1/2)mv²v=sqrt((2K.E)/m)v=sqrt((2 x 105)/0.085)v= 109.7 m/sTherefore, the speed of the arrow as it leaves the bow is 109.7 m/s.

Problem 2A ball of mass 0.440 kg moving east ( +x direction) with a speed of 3.80 m/s collides head-on with a 0.220−kg ball at rest. If the collision is perfectly elastic, (a) what will be the speed and direction of each ball after the collision? (b) What is the total kinetic energy after the collision?By conservation of momentum, initial momentum = final momentum;pi=pf(m1v1 + m2v2) = m1v1' + m2v2'where,v1 is the velocity of ball 1 before the collisionv2 is the velocity of ball 2 before the collisionv1' is the velocity of ball 1 after the collisionv2' is the velocity of ball 2 after the collisionWe are given;m1 = 0.440 kg, m2 = 0.220 kgv1 = 3.80 m/s (east) since it is moving in the + x directionv2 = 0 m/s since it is at rest before the collisionpi=pfm1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1' + m2v2'substituting in values;0.440 x 3.80 = 0.440v1' + 0.220v2'v1' = 3.80 - v2' ...................(1).

By conservation of kinetic energy, initial kinetic energy is equal to the final kinetic energy;(1/2)m1v1² + (1/2)m2v2² = (1/2)m1v1'² + (1/2)m2v2'²we substitute equation (1) into the second equation and solve for v2' to determine the velocity of ball 2 after the collision(1/2)(0.440)(3.80)² = (1/2)(0.440)(3.80 - v2')² + (1/2)(0.220)v2'²simplifying the equation above;0.83664 = 1.676(v2') - 0.22(v2')²2.199(v2')² - 1.676(v2') + 0.83664 = 0Using the quadratic formula;v2' = 0.70 m/s and v2' = 2.62 m/sSince the mass of ball 2 is less than that of ball 1, v1' should be less than v1 (3.80 m/s).

Therefore the solution with v2' = 0.70 m/s is valid. Thus;Ball 1 moves to the right with velocity;v1' = 3.80 - v2' = 3.80 - 0.70 = 3.10 m/s (east)Ball 2 moves to the right with velocity;v2' = 0.70 m/s (east)Total Kinetic energy after the collision;K.E = (1/2)m1v1'² + (1/2)m2v2'²= (1/2)(0.440)(3.10)² + (1/2)(0.220)(0.70)²= 0.887 JoulesTherefore, the speed of the ball 1 is 3.10 m/s towards east and the speed of ball 2 is 0.70 m/s towards east after the collision. Total kinetic energy after the collision is 0.887 J.

Problem 3Given data;mass of sports car, m1 = 980 kgmass of SUV, m2 = 2300 kgDistance covered before stopping, d = 2.6 mCoefficient of kinetic friction between tires and road, μk = 0.80Initial velocity of the sports car, u = ?Final velocity of the sports car, v = 0 m/s.

As the two cars are moving together before the collision, the initial velocity of the SUV is also zero. Therefore by conservation of momentum,pi = pf(m1u + m2(0)) = (m1 + m2)v0.980 u = 3280 vu = 3280/980u = 3.3469 m/sTherefore the speed of the sports car before the collision is 3.3469 m/s.

Learn more about kinetic energy here,

https://brainly.com/question/8101588

#SPJ11

If the reflective angle is known, we can also determine the incoming angle. If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the angle of refraction will be less than the angle of incidence.

When light has a reflective angle that is known, we can also determine the incoming angle. The reflective angle is defined as the angle between the reflected ray and the normal, where the normal is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface that the light is reflecting off of.

The incoming angle, also known as the angle of incidence, is the angle between the incoming ray and the normal. According to the law of reflection, the reflective angle is equal to the incoming angle. Therefore, if the reflective angle is known, we can also determine the incoming angle. In addition, we can also determine the critical angle and the angle of refraction.

The critical angle is the angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction is 90 degrees. If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs, and the light is reflected back into the original material. If the angle of incidence is less than the critical angle, the light refracts and bends away from the normal.

The angle of refraction is the angle between the refracted ray and the normal. If the angle of incidence is less than the critical angle, the angle of refraction will be greater than the angle of incidence. If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the angle of refraction will be less than the angle of incidence.

Learn more about angle of refraction here:

https://brainly.com/question/14760207

#SPJ11

The components of the motorcycle's average acceleration during this process are:dav, x = 2.72 m/s²dav, y = 2.95 m/s².

The components of the motorcycle's average acceleration during this process are:dav, x = 2.72 m/s²dav, y = 2.95 m/s²Explanation:Given:Initial Velocity of the motorcycle, V1,x = -42.9 m/sInitial Velocity of the motorcycle, V1,y = 14.9 m/sFinal Velocity of the motorcycle, V2,x = -22.3 m/sFinal Velocity of the motorcycle, V2,y = 26.9 m/sTime, t = 9.69 sAverage acceleration = change in velocity/change in time

Change in velocity = (V2 - V1) = [(V2,x - V1,x), (V2,y - V1,y)]Change in time, ∆t = t = 9.69 sThe components of the motorcycle's average acceleration during this process are given as follows:dav, x = (V2,x - V1,x)/∆t= (-22.3 - (-42.9))/9.69= 2.72 m/s²dav, y = (V2,y - V1,y)/∆t= (26.9 - 14.9)/9.69= 2.95 m/s²Therefore, the components of the motorcycle's average acceleration during this process are:dav, x = 2.72 m/s²dav, y = 2.95 m/s².

Learn more about Acceleration here,

https://brainly.com/question/460763

#SPJ11

At time t = 2.00 s, the magnitude of the induced current in the coil is approximately 56.6 A. So, the correct answer is 56.6 A.

To calculate the induced current in the coil, we can use Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The formula for the induced electromotive force (emf) is given as:

emf = -N(dΦ/dt)

where N is the number of turns in the coil and dΦ/dt is the rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil. The negative sign indicates the direction of the induced current.

The magnetic flux through the coil can be calculated as:

Φ = B * A * N

where B is the magnetic field strength, A is the area of the coil, and N is the number of turns.

Substituting the given values, we find:

Φ = (0.0800t + 0.0900t^2) * (π * (7.80/2)^2) * 37

At t = 2.00 s:

Φ = (0.0800 * 2.00 + 0.0900 * 2.00^2) * (π * (7.80/2)^2) * 37

Φ = 0.0800 * 2.00 * π * (7.80/2)^2 * 37 + 0.0900 * 2.00^2 * π * (7.80/2)^2 * 37

Φ = 4.072 × 10^-2 Wb

Now, the rate of change of magnetic flux can be calculated as:

dΦ/dt = 0.0800 + 0.0900 * 2.00

dΦ/dt = 0.260 Wb/s

Substituting these values into the formula for the induced emf, we find:

emf = -N(dΦ/dt)

emf = -37 * 0.260

emf = -9.620 V

The negative sign indicates that the induced current will flow in the opposite direction to that of the rate of change of magnetic flux.

Using Ohm's law, we can find the induced current:

V = IR

Substituting the values, we have:

-9.620 = I * 0.170 Ω

Solving for I, we find:

I = -56.6 A (magnitude)

Therefore, the magnitude of the induced current at time t = 2.00 s is 56.6 A.

Learn more about magnetic field

https://brainly.com/question/15405836

#SPJ11

The power dissipated by the 30 Ω resistor is 30 watts.

Given, 4 resistors are connected to a 100 V battery as shown below. The power dissipated by the 30 Ω resistor needs to be determined.Now we can determine the current flowing through the circuit;

we must use the Ohm’s law to find the current which is as follows:I = V/RWhere,I is the current flowing through the circuit.V is the potential difference of 100 V.R is the total resistance of the circuit.R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + R₄We have, R₁ = 10 Ω, R₂ = 20 Ω, R₃ = 30 Ω, R₄ = 40 ΩThus, R = 10 Ω + 20 Ω + 30 Ω + 40 Ω= 100 Ω.

Substituting these values in the formula of current, we have:I = V/R = 100 V / 100 Ω = 1A.The power can be determined as follows:P = I² × R Where, P is the power dissipated.R is the resistance of the 30 Ω resistor.I is the current flowing through the circuit.Substituting the values, we get:P = (1 A)² × 30 Ω = 30 Watts.

Therefore, the power dissipated by the 30 Ω resistor is 30 watts.

Learn more about resistor here,

https://brainly.com/question/2969220

#SPJ11

The amount of heat required to change 15.0 g of mercury at 20°C into mercury vapor at the boiling point is 4.42 kJ (kilojoules).

The heat required to change 15.0 g of mercury at 20°C into mercury vapor at the boiling point can be calculated as follows: Given data: Mass of mercury = 15.0 g, Boiling point of mercury = 357 °C, Molar heat of vaporization of mercury = 59.1 kJ/mol. To calculate the amount of heat required to vaporize 15.0 g of mercury, we need to first calculate the number of moles of mercury in 15.0 g. To do this, we need to divide the mass of mercury by its molar mass. The molar mass of mercury is 200.59 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of mercury is given by: Number of moles of mercury = Mass of mercury / Molar mass of mercury= 15.0 g / 200.59 g/mol= 0.0749 mol. Now, we can use the molar heat of vaporization of mercury to calculate the heat required to vaporize 0.0749 mol of mercury. Heat required = Number of moles of mercury x Molar heat of vaporization of mercury= 0.0749 mol x 59.1 kJ/mol= 4.42 kJ

Learn more about mercury:

https://brainly.com/question/24257702

#SPJ11

(a) The mass of water displaced is 63.4125 kg.

(b) Her volume is 0.0634125 cubic meters.

(c) Her average density is 1000 kg/m³.

(d) She will not float with her lungs filled with air and will need to tread water or use other means to stay afloat.

To solve this problem, we can use Archimedes' principle, which states that an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. We'll go step by step to find the answers.

Part (a) To determine the mass of water displaced, we need to find the difference in mass between the woman in air and when she's submerged.

Mass of water displaced = Mass in air - Apparent mass when submerged

= 63.5 kg - 0.0875 kg

= 63.4125 kg

Therefore, the mass of water displaced is 63.4125 kg.

Part (b) The volume of water displaced is equal to the volume of the woman. To find her volume, we can use the formula:

Volume = Mass / Density

Assuming the density of water is 1000 kg/m³:

Volume = Mass of water displaced / Density of water

= 63.4125 kg / 1000 kg/m³

= 0.0634125 m³

Therefore, her volume is 0.0634125 cubic meters.

Part (c) The average density is calculated by dividing the mass of the woman by her volume:

Average density = Mass / Volume

= 63.5 kg / 0.0634125 m³

= 1000 kg/m³

Therefore, her average density is 1000 kg/m³.

Part (d) To determine if she can float with her lungs filled with air, we need to compare her average density with the density of water.

If her average density is less than the density of water (1000 kg/m³), she will float; otherwise, she will sink.

Her average density is 1000 kg/m³, which is equal to the density of water.

Therefore, she will not float with her lungs filled with air and will need to tread water or use other means to stay afloat.

To learn more about Archimedes' principle visit:

brainly.com/question/787619

#SPJ11

A circuit has a a capacitance of 0.47 μF. A frequency of 96 MHz is produces approx. 2.16 μH of inductance and it has a resistance of 2.267 ohms.

a) To determine the required inductance for a resonance frequency of 96 MHz in an RLC circuit with a capacitance of 0.47 μF, we can use the resonance frequency formula:

f = 1 / (2π√(LC))

Rearranging the formula to solve for inductance (L):

L = 1 / (4π²f²C)

Substituting the given values into the equation:

L = 1 / (4π²(96 MHz)²(0.47 μF))

Converting the values to appropriate units (MHz to Hz, μF to F):

L ≈ 2.16 μH

Therefore, an inductance of approximately 2.16 μH will produce a resonance frequency of 96 MHz in the RLC circuit.

b) To achieve an impedance at resonance that is one-third the impedance at 27 kHz, we need to determine the value of resistance (R) in the RLC circuit. At resonance, the impedance of the circuit is given by:

Z = √(R² + (ωL - 1 / ωC)²)

where ω is the angular frequency. At resonance, the reactive components cancel out, leaving only the resistance:

Z_resonance = R

To obtain one-third of the impedance at 27 kHz, we have:

Z_resonance = (1/3)Z_27kHz

R = (1/3)Z_27kHz

Substituting the values:

R = (1/3)Z_27kHz = (1/3)(√(R² + (2π(27 kHz)L - 1 / (2π(27 kHz)C))²))

R= 2.267

Learn more about inductance here:

https://brainly.com/question/31127300

#SPJ11

A 2.0-m long wire carries a 5.0-A current due north and there is a 0.010T magnetic field pointing west

The magnetic force on the wire is given by the formula:

F = BILsinθ Where, F = Magnetic force, B = Magnetic field strength, I = Current, L = Length of the wire, θ = Angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the current. The magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire is given by the formula:

F = BILsinθ

F = 0.010 T × 5.0 A × 2.0 m × sin 90°

F = 0.1 N

Part A: Thus, the magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire is 0.1 N.

The direction of the magnetic force will be towards the west.

This is given by Fleming's left-hand rule which states that if the forefingers point in the direction of the magnetic field, and the middle fingers in the direction of the current, then the thumb points in the direction of the magnetic force. In this case, the magnetic field is pointing towards the west and the current is towards the north. Thus, the magnetic force will be towards the west.

Part B: Number of turns, N = 100, Length of the side of the square loop, l = 10 cm = 0.1 m, Magnetic field, B = 3.00 T, Maximum torque, τ = 18.0 Nm

The formula to calculate torque is given by the formula: τ = NABsinθ, Where,τ = Torque, N = Number of turns, B = Magnetic field strength, A = Area of the loop, θ = Angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the current.

The area of the loop is given by the formula: A = l²A = (0.1 m)²⇒A = 0.01 m²

Substitute the given values in the formula for torque:

18.0 Nm = (100) × (0.01 m²) × (3.00 T) × sin 90°18.0 Nm = 3.00 NI

Thus, the current in the loop is 6 A.

Here is another question on magnetic fields: https://brainly.com/question/26257705

#SPJ11

a) The orbital speed of the International Space Station is approximately 7.66 km/s. b) The orbital period of the space station is approximately 92.68 minutes. c) Converting the orbital speed from m/s to miles/hour yields approximately 17144 miles/hour.

a) The orbital speed of an object in a circular orbit can be calculated using the formula v = √(G * M / r), where v is the orbital speed, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the Earth, and r is the distance from the center of the Earth to the object. Plugging in the given values, we get v = √((6.67430 × 10^(-11) m³/(kg·s²)) * (5.976 × 10^(24) kg) / (6.378 × 10^(6) m + 370 × 10^(3) m)) ≈ 7.66 km/s.

b) The orbital period can be calculated using the formula T = (2πr) / v, where T is the orbital period, r is the distance from the center of the Earth to the object, and v is the orbital speed. Plugging in the values, we get T = (2π * (6.378 × 10^(6) m + 370 × 10^(3) m)) / (7.66 km/s * 1000 m/km) ≈ 92.68 minutes.

c) To convert the orbital speed from m/s to miles/hour, we use the conversion factor 1 mile = 1.6 km. Thus, the orbital speed in miles/hour is approximately 7.66 km/s * (3600 s/hour) * (1 mile / 1.6 km) ≈ 17144 miles/hour.

Learn more about orbital speed here:

https://brainly.com/question/12449965

#SPJ11

Therefore, the axial component of magnetic field at the center of the solenoid will be given by: μ0nI... (i)Given, radius of the solenoid, r2 = 3.00 cmNumber of turns per meter, n = 1040 turns/meter.

(a) Induced current in the ring The magnetic field, B due to the solenoid at the center can be given by μ0nI. Here, μ0 is the permeability of air which is equal to 4π×10−7 TmA^−1, n is the number of turns per unit length of the solenoid and I is the current flowing through it. Therefore, the axial component of magnetic field at the center of the solenoid will be given by: μ0nI... (i)Given, radius of the solenoid, r2 = 3.00 cmNumber of turns per meter, n = 1040 turns/meter. Thus, the magnetic field at the center of the solenoid, B = (4π×10−7)(1040)I = 4.17×10−4I TOn the other hand, the magnetic field at the end of the solenoid will be one-half as strong over the area of the end of the solenoid as at the center of the solenoid. Hence, the axial component of magnetic field at the end of the solenoid will be: μ0nI2... (ii)Given, radius of the aluminum ring, r1 = 5.00 cm Resistance of the aluminum ring, R = 2.55×10−4 ΩThe induced current, I′ in the aluminum ring can be calculated using the formula: I′=Bπr12R... (iii)Therefore, substituting the given values in the above equation, we get: I′ = (2.08×10−6)I AThus, the induced current in the ring is 2.08×10−6I A.(b) Magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the induced current at the center of the ringThe magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of the ring due to the induced current is given by: B′=μ0I′2R2... (iv)Substituting the given values in the above equation, we get: B′=3.38×10−10|I| TTherefore, the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the induced current at the center of the ring is 3.38×10−10|I| T.(c) Direction of the magnetic field produced by the induced current at the center of the ring The direction of the magnetic field produced by the induced current in the ring can be obtained using the right-hand rule. Place the thumb of the right hand in the direction of the current in the ring which is opposite to the current direction in the solenoid. The fingers curl in the direction of the magnetic field. Since the current in the ring is opposite to the current direction in the solenoid, the direction of the magnetic field produced by the induced current in the ring will be upwards. Answer: (a) 2.08×10−6I A(b) 3.38×10−10|I| T(c) Upward.

To know more about current visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31649017

#SPJ11

Answer:

a) the angular speed is approximately 7608.47 rad/s.

b) the tangential speed  is approximately 223.74 m/s.

c) the magnitude  is approximately 468.16 km/s^2.

d) a point on the rim  approximately 452.65 meters in 2.02 seconds.

(a) To determine the angular speed of the disk, we can convert the given rotational speed from rev/min to rad/s.

Radius (r) = 8.08 cm = 0.0808 m

Rotational speed = 1210 rev/min

The conversion factor from rev/min to rad/s is 2π, since 2π radians is equivalent to one revolution.

Angular speed (ω) = Rotational speed * 2π

Substituting the values:

ω = 1210 * 2π

Calculating:

ω ≈ 7608.47 rad/s

Therefore, the angular speed of the disk is approximately 7608.47 rad/s.

(b) To determine the tangential speed at a point 2.94 cm from the center of the disk, we can use the formula:

v = ω * r

Where v is the tangential speed, ω is the angular speed, and r is the distance from the center.

Distance from center (r) = 2.94 cm = 0.0294 m

Angular speed (ω) = 7608.47 rad/s

Substituting the values:

v = 7608.47 * 0.0294

Calculating:

v ≈ 223.74 m/s

Therefore, the tangential speed at a point 2.94 cm from the center of the disk is approximately 223.74 m/s.

(c) The radial acceleration of a point on the rim of a rotating disk can be calculated using the formula:

ar = ω^2 * r

Where ar is the radial acceleration, ω is the angular speed, and r is the distance from the center.

Distance from center (r) = 0.0808 m

Angular speed (ω) = 7608.47 rad/s

Substituting the values:

ar = (7608.47)^2 * 0.0808

Calculating:

ar ≈ 468.16 km/s^2 (magnitude)

The direction of the radial acceleration is towards the center of the disk.

Therefore, the magnitude of the radial acceleration of a point on the rim is approximately 468.16 km/s^2.

(d) To determine the total distance a point on the rim moves in 2.02 s, we can use the formula:

Distance = Tangential speed * Time

Tangential speed = 223.74 m/s

Time = 2.02 s

Substituting the values:

Distance = 223.74 * 2.02

Calculating:

Distance ≈ 452.65 m

Therefore, a point on the rim of the disk moves approximately 452.65 meters in 2.02 seconds.

Learn more about angular speed, here

brainly.com/question/6860269

#SPJ11

The person must point the boat in the direction measured from north at an angle of approximately 59.1 degrees to the west (clockwise direction) so that the boat goes straight across the river traveling due north. To determine the direction in which the person must point the boat, we need to consider the vector components of the boat's velocity and the river's velocity.

Let's define the x-axis as pointing east and the y-axis as pointing north. The river's velocity is given as 2.00 m/s in the positive x-direction (west to east). The person wants the boat to travel due north, which means the boat's velocity in the y-direction should be 3.47 m/s.

To achieve this, the boat's x-component of velocity must be equal and opposite to the river's velocity. In other words, the x-component of the boat's velocity should be -2.00 m/s.

Now, we can use vector components to find the direction in which the person must point the boat. The boat's velocity vector can be represented as the sum of its x-component and y-component:

[tex]V_{boat[/tex] =[tex]V_x[/tex]î +[tex]V_y[/tex]ĵ

Given that [tex]V_x[/tex] = -2.00 m/s and [tex]V_y[/tex] = 3.47 m/s, the boat's velocity vector can be written as:

[tex]V_{boat[/tex]= (-2.00 î) + (3.47 ĵ)

To find the direction of the boat's velocity, we can calculate the angle it makes with the positive y-axis (north). The angle θ is given by:

θ =[tex]tan^(-1)(V_y/V_x)[/tex]

θ = [tex]tan^(-1[/tex])(3.47/-2.00)

Using a calculator, we find θ ≈ -59.1 degrees.

Therefore, the person must point the boat in the direction measured from north at an angle of approximately 59.1 degrees to the west (clockwise direction) so that the boat goes straight across the river traveling due north.

Learn more about velocity here:

https://brainly.com/question/30559316

#SPJ11

a. To determine the capacitance of C1 in a parallel configuration with C2 and C3, we can use the formula for equivalent capacitance.

b. When C1, C2, and C3 are set in series, the equivalent capacitance (Ce) can be calculated by summing the reciprocals of the individual capacitances.

c. The charge stored by Ce can be calculated using the formula Q = Ce * V.

d.  The energy stored by Ce can be calculated using the formula U = 0.5 * Ce * V^2, where U is the energy and V is the voltage.

a. In a parallel configuration, the inverse of the equivalent capacitance is equal to the sum of the inverses of the individual capacitances. So, we have:

1 / Ce = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 + 1 / C3.

Given Ce = 7uF, C2 = 3uF, and C3 = 1uF, we can solve for C1.

b. In a series configuration, the equivalent capacitance (Ce) is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual capacitances. So, we have:

1 / Ce = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 + 1 / C3.

Given the values of C1, C2, and C3, we can calculate the value of Ce.

c. If Ce is placed under a voltage of 5V, the charge stored by Ce can be calculated using the formula Q = Ce * V, where Q is the charge, Ce is the capacitance, and V is the voltage.

d. When a dielectric material with a dielectric constant (k) is introduced, the energy stored by a capacitor can be calculated using the formula U = 0.5 * Ce * V^2, where U is the energy, Ce is the capacitance (modified by the dielectric constant), and V is the voltage. By substituting the given values, we can calculate the energy stored by Ce.

Learn more about capacitor here:

https://brainly.com/question/31627158

#SPJ11

Answer:coefficient of static friction μs= 0.03

​

Explanation:

Given F = 15N

   m = 60kg

μ s = ?

We know that,

Normal force, N = mg

so N = 60×9.81 = 588.6 N

The formula for coefficient of static friction is,

μs = F/N

    = 15/588.6 =0.0289

   = 0.3

The dark region between the two rainbows is due to the critical angle at which light rays are reflected away from the observer's eye, and this angle depends on the size of the rain droplets.

When two rainbows form, there is a dark region in-between them because of the critical angle. This critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence beyond which total internal reflection of a light ray occurs from the water droplets in the atmosphere. Because of this angle, the light that reflects from the rain droplets moves away from the observer's eye, so a dark region is formed between the two rainbows.

The light that enters the drop slows down and bends, and the angle of bending is dependent on the color of the light. Red light is bent the least, while violet is bent the most, causing the separation of the colors in a rainbow. The angle of incidence can vary based on the size of the rain droplets, which is why two rainbows can form with different angles of incidence producing the different colors.

Thus, the dark region between the two rainbows is due to the critical angle at which light rays are reflected away from the observer's eye, and this angle depends on the size of the rain droplets.

Learn more about critical angle here,

https://brainly.com/question/31073422

#SPJ11

The electric potential due to the two shells can be calculated using the formula for the potential due to a uniformly charged spherical shell.

(i) At r = 0, the potential is finite and equal to zero for both shells.

(ii) At r = 5.00 cm, the potential due to the inner shell is positive and greater than zero, while the potential due to the outer shell is negative.

(iii) At r = 9.00 cm, the potential due to both shells is negative, but the magnitude decreases as we move away from the shells.

(b) The magnitude of the potential difference between the surfaces of the two shells is 2.3625 × [tex]10^5[/tex] V.

The inner shell is at a higher potential than the outer shell.

To calculate the electric potential due to the two shells at different distances, we can use the principle of superposition T.

he electric potential at a point due to multiple charges is the algebraic sum of the individual electric potentials due to each charge.

(a) Electric potential at different distances:

(i) At the common center (r = 0):

Since the electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from both shells, the potential at their common center will also be zero.

(ii) At r = 5.00 cm:

To find the electric potential at this distance, we need to consider the contribution from both shells.

For the smaller shell (q1 = +6.00 nC):

The electric potential due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell is given by:

V1 = k * q1 / R1

where k is the electrostatic constant (k ≈ 9 × [tex]10^9[/tex] N m²/C²) and R1 is the radius of the smaller shell.

V1 = (9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²) * (6.00 × 10⁻⁹ C) / (0.04 m)

= 1.35 × 10⁶ V

For the larger shell (q2 = -9.00 nC):

The electric potential due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell is given by:

V2 = k * q2 / R2

where R2 is the radius of the larger shell.

V2 = (9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²) * (-9.00 × 10⁻⁹ C) / (0.08 m)

= -1.0125 × 10⁶ V

The total electric potential at r = 5.00 cm is the sum of the potentials due to both shells:

V_total = V1 + V2

= 1.35 × 10⁶ V - 1.0125 × 10⁶ V

= 3.375 × 10⁵ V

(iii) At r = 9.00 cm:

At this distance, only the potential due to the larger shell will contribute since the smaller shell is closer to the center.

V2 = (9 × [tex]10^9[/tex] N m²/C²) * (-9.00 × [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] C) / (0.08 m)

= -1.0125 × [tex]10^6[/tex] V

Therefore, the electric potential at r = 9.00 cm is -1.0125 × [tex]10^6[/tex] V.

(b) Magnitude of the potential difference between the surfaces of the two shells:

The potential difference (ΔV) between the surfaces of the two shells is given by the absolute difference in their potentials.

ΔV = |V2 - V1|

= |-1.0125 × [tex]10^6[/tex] V - 1.35 ×  [tex]10^6[/tex] V|

= |-2.3625 ×  [tex]10^5[/tex] V|

= 2.3625 × [tex]10^5[/tex] V

The magnitude of the potential difference between the surfaces of the two shells is 2.3625 × [tex]10^5[/tex] V.

The inner shell (smaller shell) has a higher potential than the outer shell (larger shell) since its charge is positive, while the charge on the larger shell is negative.

To learn more about electric potential visit:

brainly.com/question/28444459

#SPJ11

a) In order for the small sphere to remain motionless when released 3.9 cm above the sheet of charge, its charge q must be 0.0001216 C. b) If the sphere is released 7.8 cm, the value of q should be 0.0002432 C.

a) To determine the charge required for the small sphere to remain motionless when released 3.9 cm above the sheet, we need to consider the electrostatic force acting on the sphere. The force is given by Coulomb's law: F = k * (q * Q) / r^2, where F is the force, k is the electrostatic constant (k = 8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2), q is the charge of the small sphere, Q is the charge density of the sheet (Q = 4.6 x 10^-12 C/m^2), and r is the distance between the sphere and the sheet.

Since the sphere is motionless, the electrostatic force must balance the gravitational force: F = mg, where m is the mass of the sphere and g is the acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.8 m/s^2). Solving these equations, we find q = (m * g * r^2) / (k * Q) = (6.45 x 10^-6 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * (0.039 m)^2) / (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2 * 4.6 x 10^-12 C/m^2) ≈ 0.0001216 C.

b) When the sphere is released 7.8 cm above the sheet, we follow a similar process to determine the charge required for the sphere to remain motionless. Using the same equations as in part a, but with r = 0.078 m, we find q = (m * g * r^2) / (k * Q) = (6.45 x 10^-6 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * (0.078 m)^2) / (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2 * 4.6 x 10^-12 C/m^2) ≈ 0.0002432 C.

To learn more about charge, Click here: brainly.com/question/13871705

#SPJ11

(a) Therefore, Wg = -(1/2)mv^2where Wg is the work done by gravity on the student. Wg = - (1/2)mv^2 = - (1/2)(35 kg)(7.4 m/s)^2 = -1368.5 J. (b) Therefore, Work done by gravity on the student = -1368.5 J, Speed of the student at 1.3 m above the trampoline = 0 m/s.

Mass of student, m = 35 kg, Speed of the student when he leaves the trampoline, v = 7.4 m/s

Distance between the student and the trampoline, h = 1.3 m

(a) Work done on the student by the force of gravity

when she is 1.3 m above the trampoline. Work done by gravity on the student will be equal to the decrease in the student's kinetic energy. Initial kinetic energy of the student, K1 = (1/2)mv1^2Where v1 is the initial velocity of the student

Final kinetic energy of the student, K2 = 0 (At the highest point, velocity becomes zero)

The work done by gravity, Wg = K1 - K2 = (1/2)mv1^2 – 0 = (1/2)mv1^2The gravitational potential energy of the student at a height h above the trampoline, U1 = mgh

The gravitational potential energy of the student at the highest point, U2 = 0

Therefore, the decrease in gravitational potential energy of the student, U1 - U2 = mgh

Joule’s Law of Work and Energy states that the total work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

The work done by gravity on the student must be equal to the decrease in his kinetic energy.

Wg = -ΔKWhere ΔK is the change in kinetic energy of the student.This equation can be written as follows: Wg = - (Kf - Ki)Where Ki is the initial kinetic energy of the student, and Kf is the final kinetic energy of the student.

The final kinetic energy of the student is zero since he stops at the highest point.

The initial kinetic energy of the student is (1/2)mv^2, where m is the mass of the student and v is his speed just before leaving the trampoline. Therefore, Wg = -(1/2)mv^2where Wg is the work done by gravity on the student. Wg = - (1/2)mv^2 = - (1/2)(35 kg)(7.4 m/s)^2 = -1368.5 J (Negative sign indicates the work done by gravity is in opposite direction to the motion of the student)

(b) Determine her speed at 1.3 m above the trampoline. The speed of the student just before he leaves the trampoline is 7.4 m/s.

When he reaches a height of 1.3 m above the trampoline, his speed will be zero.

This is because at the highest point, the velocity of the student is zero. So, the speed of the student when he is 1.3 m above the trampoline is zero.

Therefore, Work done by gravity on the student = -1368.5 JSpeed of the student at 1.3 m above the trampoline = 0 m/s.

Learn more about work done here:

https://brainly.com/question/32236321

#SPJ11

Therefore, the magnitude of vector C is 25.

Given:A = 10x - 2yB = 5x + 4yC=2A + BNow we have to calculate the magnitude of vector C.Let's calculate each part of the vector C first;2A = 2(10x-2y) = 20x - 4yB = 5x + 4yC = 2A + B= (20x-4y)+(5x+4y)=25xNow we can calculate the magnitude of vector C by using the formula;|C| = √(Cx²+Cy²+Cz²)Here, we only have two dimensions, so the formula becomes;|C| = √(Cx²+Cy²)|C| = √(25²) = 25. Therefore, the magnitude of vector C is 25.

To know more about vector visit:

https://brainly.com/question/18441260

#SPJ11

Answers: The wavelength of the emitted light from LED is 694 nm.

An LED (Light Emitting Diode) is constructed from a p-n junction based on a certain semi-conducting material with a band gap of 1.79 eV.

The formula for calculating the wavelength of emitted light in nanometers is given by; λ (nm) = 1240 / E (eV)

Where λ is the wavelength of the emitted light and E is the energy of the emitted light expressed in electron volts (eV). The bandgap energy of the semi-conducting material is 1.79 eV, substituting the values into the formula above;

λ (nm) = 1240 / 1.79

=693.85 nm.

Therefore, the wavelength of the emitted light from LED  is 694 nm.

Learn more about  LED: https://brainly.com/question/8481754

#SPJ11

The graph of the balancing voltage as a function of plate separation is shown below: Plotting the given data on a graph gives a straight line.  

The slope of the graph of the balancing voltage as a function of plate separation is:$$\text{slope} = \frac{\Delta V}{\Delta d} = \frac{155 - 5}{0.8 - 0.2} = 150$$.

The physical quantity or quantities that the slope have is capacitance $(C)$ because, by definition,$$\text{slope} = \frac{\Delta V}{\Delta d} = \frac{Q}{C}$$where $Q$ is the charge on the plates.From the modified Millikan's Oil Drop experiment, the weight of the small charged object suspended by the electric field that is between two parallel plates is given as,$$W = mg$$where $m = 3.80 \times 10^{-15} \ kg$.The electrostatic force is given as,$$F_{es} = Eq$$where $E$ is the electric field and $q$ is the charge on the small charged object. When the object is suspended in the electric field, the electrostatic force and the weight are equal and opposite. Therefore, $$F_{es} = mg$$$$Eq = mg$$Solving for $q$ gives,$$q = \frac{mg}{E}$$where $E$ is the slope of the graph and is equal to 150.

Therefore,$$q = \frac{mg}{150} = \frac{(3.80 \times 10^{-15} \ kg)(9.81 \ m/s^2)}{150} = 2.47 \times 10^{-19} \ C$$The balancing voltage when the plates are separated by 50.0 mm can be found using the equation,$$\text{slope} = \frac{\Delta V}{\Delta d}$$Rearranging, $$\Delta V = \text{slope} \times \Delta d = 150 \times 0.050 \ m = 7.5 \ V$$Therefore, the value of the balancing voltage when the plates are separated by 50.0 mm is 7.5 V.

Learn more on voltage here:

brainly.in/question/20045053

#SPJ11

The tension T in the 1.97 m long and 20.5 g string is 15.6 N.

We are given a stretched string with a length of 1.97 m and a mass of 20.5 g. The string oscillates at a frequency of 440 Hz, which corresponds to the standard A pitch. Transverse waves with a wavelength of 16.9 cm propagate along the string. Our task is to determine the tension T in the string.

The formula to find tension T in a string is given by

T = (Fλ)/(2L)

where, F is the frequency of the string, λ is the wavelength of the string and L is the length of the string.

Using the above formula to find tension in the string

T = (Fλ)/(2L)

T = (440 Hz × 0.169 m)/(2 × 1.97 m)

T = 15.6 N

Therefore, the tension T in the string is 15.6 N.

Learn more about tension at: https://brainly.com/question/24994188

#SPJ11

Assuming the speed of sound in air is 341 m/s, Among the given answer choices, 1023 Hz is the closest option. Thus, the best answer is 1023 Hz.

In a tube that is open at both ends, the third harmonic frequency can be calculated using the formula:

f = (3v) / (2L)

where f is the frequency, v is the speed of sound in air, and L is the length of the tube.

Given:

v = 341 m/s (speed of sound in air)

L = 0.20 m (length of the tube)

Substituting the values into the formula:

f = (3 * 341 m/s) / (2 * 0.20 m)

f = 1023 Hz

Therefore, the third harmonic frequency of the wave generated by the tube is 1023 Hz.

Among the given answer choices, 1023 Hz is the closest option. Thus, the best answer is 1023 Hz.

Learn more about harmonic frequency  here:

https://brainly.com/question/31748639

#SPJ11

The intensity at a point on the screen that is 0.720 mm from the center of the central maximum is 4.19x10⁻⁵ W/m².

Given information: Wavelength (λ) of the monochromatic light = 591 nm, Distance (L) of the screen from the slits = 75.0 cm, Distance (y) of a point on the screen from the center of the central maximum = 0.720 mm. The distance between the two slits = 0.640 mm. The width of each slit = 0.434 mm. The intensity at the center of the central maximum is 5.00x10⁻⁴ W/m².

The formula to find the position of the minima or maxima of the diffraction pattern is:dsinθ = mλ ...(1)Here, m = ±1, ±2, ±3 ... and so on; θ is the angle between the incident beam and the screen; d is the distance between the two slits; λ is the wavelength of the light.

Let us find the angle θ by considering the triangle formed by the incident light, the slits, and the central maximum. Using the tangent function, we get:tanθ = (y/L) ...(2)

Using the small-angle approximation, we have:sinθ ≈ tanθ = (y/L) ...(3)

Substituting the values of y and L, we get:sinθ ≈ tanθ = (0.720 mm)/(75.0 cm) = 0.00096 ...(4)

Using equation (1), we get: d sinθ = mλ = (0.640 mm) (0.00096) = 6.144x10⁻⁷ m. This is the distance between the center of the central maximum and the first minima in the diffraction pattern, which is 1λ/2 away from the center of the central maximum. Since we are looking for the intensity at a point on the screen that is 0.720 mm from the center of the central maximum, it means that we have to consider the first minima (m = 1).The intensity of monochromatic light at any point on the screen is given by the formula: I = (I₀) cos²[(πd sinθ)/λ] ...(5)Here, I₀ is the intensity at the center of the central maximum. Substituting the values, we get: I = (5.00x10⁻⁴ W/m²) cos²[(π)(0.640 mm)(0.00096)/591 nm] = 4.19x10⁻⁵ W/m².Therefore, the intensity at a point on the screen that is 0.720 mm from the center of the central maximum is 4.19x10⁻⁵ W/m².

Learn more about monochromatic light:

https://brainly.com/question/1581262

#SPJ11

Answer: the total energy (mJ) of the spring-block system is 1.00 mJ.

mass of the block m = 6.7 kg

Spring constant k = 295 N/m

Initial position of the block = 0 (because the spring is stretched).

The block undergoes simple harmonic motion. The magnitude of the block's acceleration at t = 2.9 s is a = 13.4 cm/s² = 0.134 m/s².

The total energy (mJ) of the spring-block system can be found using the formula for total mechanical energy, E which is E = 1/2 kA²

E = 1/2 mv² + 1/2 kx²

whereA is the amplitude. v is the velocity of the block at a particular instant of time x is the displacement of the block from its equilibrium position. The total energy of the spring-block system can be found as follows; We know that the block undergoes simple harmonic motion and the magnitude of the block's acceleration at

t = 2.9 s is a = 13.4 cm/s² = 0.134 m/s².

The displacement of the block from its equilibrium position at t = 2.9 s can be found using the formula for the displacement of the block, x which is x = Acosωt  where A is the amplitudeω is the angular frequency t is the time. The angular frequency can be found using the formula,ω = √k/m. Substituting k = 295 N/m and m = 6.7 kg,ω = √(295/6.7) rad/s = 6.09 rad/s. Substituting ω = 6.09 rad/s, t = 2.9 s and A = x/ cos ωt13.4 cm/s² = Aω²cos ωt.

Therefore, A = 0.0751 m. The total energy of the spring-block system can be found using the formula for total mechanical energy, E which isE = 1/2 kA²E = 1/2 x 295 x (0.0751)²E = 1.00 mJ.

Therefore, the total energy (mJ) of the spring-block system is 1.00 mJ.

Learn more about harmonic motion : https://brainly.com/question/26114128

#SPJ11

A helicopter lifts a 85 kg astronaut 12 m vertically from the ocean by means of a cable. The acceleration of the astronaut is g/12.(a)The work done on the astronaut by the force from the helicopter is 85 kg × 9.81 m/s² × 12 m=9930.6 J.(b)the work done on the astronaut by the gravitational force is = -9930.6J(c)Kinetic Energy = 9930.6J(d)v ≈ 15.26 m/s

(a) To calculate the work done on the astronaut by the force from the helicopter, we can use the formula:

Work = Force × Distance

The force from the helicopter can be calculated using Newton's second law:

Force = Mass × Acceleration

Given that the mass of the astronaut is 85 kg and the acceleration is g/12 (where g is the acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m/s²), the force from the helicopter is:

Force = 85 kg × (g/12) m/s²

The displacement of the astronaut is given as 12 m.

Substituting the values into the work equation:

Work = (85 kg × (g/12) m/s²) × 12 m

Simplifying the equation, we have:

Work = 85 kg × g m/s² × 12 m

The units for work are Joules (J).

Therefore, the work done on the astronaut by the force from the helicopter is 85 kg × 9.81 m/s² × 12 m J.

(a) Number: 9930.6

Units: Joules (J)

(b) The work done by the gravitational force can be calculated in the same way. The force of gravity can be calculated as:

Force_gravity = Mass × Acceleration_due_to_gravity

Given that the mass of the astronaut is 85 kg and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s², the force of gravity is:

Force_gravity = 85 kg × 9.81 m/s²

Since the displacement is vertical and the force of gravity is acting in the opposite direction to the displacement, the work done by gravity is:

Work_gravity = -Force_gravity × Distance

Substituting the values:

Work_gravity = -(85 kg × 9.81 m/s²) × 12 m

The units for work are Joules (J).

Therefore, the work done on the astronaut by the gravitational force is -(85 kg × 9.81 m/s² × 12 m) J.

(b) Number: -9930.6

Units: Joules (J)

Note: The negative sign indicates that work is done by the gravitational force in the opposite direction to the displacement.

(c) Just before she reaches the helicopter, her potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Since the work done by the helicopter and the gravitational force cancel each other out, her total mechanical energy (potential energy + kinetic energy) remains constant. Therefore, her potential energy at the start is equal to her kinetic energy just before reaching the helicopter.

Potential Energy = m×g×h

Given that the mass of the astronaut is 85 kg, the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s², and the height is 12 m, her potential energy is:

Potential Energy = 85 kg × 9.81 m/s² × 12 m

The units for energy are Joules (J).

Therefore, The kinetic energy just before reaching the helicopter is also:

Kinetic Energy = 85 kg × 9.81 m/s² × 12 m J.

(c) Number: 9930.6

Units: Joules (J)

(d) To find her speed just before reaching the helicopter, we can equate her kinetic energy to the formula for kinetic energy:

Kinetic Energy = (1/2)mv²

where m is the mass and v is the speed.

Substituting the values:

9930.6 J = (1/2) × 85 kg × v²

Simplifying the equation:

v² = (2 × 9930.6 J) / (85 kg)

v² = 233.25 m²/s²

Taking the square root of both sides:

v ≈ 15.26 m/s

(d) Number: 15.26

Units: meters per second (m/s)

To learn more about Newton's second law visit: https://brainly.com/question/25545050

#SPJ11

The minimum thickness required for the magnesium fluoride coating to achieve destructive interference for yellow-green light in the middle of the visible spectrum is approximately 104.8 nm.

To achieve destructive interference for light reflected from a coated camera lens, the condition is given by 2nt = mλ, where n is the refractive index of the coating, t is the thickness of the coating, m is an integer representing the order of interference, and λ is the wavelength of light.

For yellow-green light with a wavelength of 545 nm, the minimum thickness of the magnesium fluoride coating required for destructive interference can be calculated.

In order to achieve destructive interference, the path difference between the light reflected from the front surface and the back surface of the magnesium fluoride coating must be equal to half a wavelength (λ/2).

This condition can be expressed as 2nt = mλ, where n is the refractive index of the coating, t is the thickness of the coating, m is an integer representing the order of interference, and λ is the wavelength of light.

For yellow-green light with a wavelength of 545 nm (or 5.45 × 10^-7 m), and using the refractive indices of magnesium fluoride (n = 1.3) and air (n = 1),

we can calculate the minimum thickness of the coating required for destructive interference. By substituting the values into the equation, we have 2(1.3)t = (λ/2), which gives t = λ/(4n) = (5.45 × 10^-7 m)/(4 × 1.3) = 1.048 × 10^-7 m or 104.8 nm.

Learn more about interference here:

https://brainly.com/question/31228426

#SPJ11

The given question involves the 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) and requires two main tasks to be performed. First, the address of port A, port B, port C, and the control register of the 8255 PPI needs to be computed.

Second, an assembly program needs to be written to input two numbers from switch 1 (connected to port A) and switch 2 (connected to port B), add these numbers, and display the result on a 7-segment display connected to port C. The question also mentions that SEG 1 will display the low-order result value and SEG 2 will display the high-order result value. The 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) is a widely used integrated circuit that provides parallel I/O (input/output) capabilities. It consists of three 8-bit ports (port A, port B, and port C) and a control register. Each port can be configured as input or output.

In the first part of the question, the task is to compute the addresses of port A, port B, port C, and the control register. These addresses are important for accessing and manipulating the data stored in the ports and control register of the 8255 PPI. The specific addresses can be determined based on the addressing scheme used by the system or microcontroller where the 8255 PPI is connected.

In the second part of the question, an assembly program needs to be written to perform a specific task using the 8255 PPI. The task involves inputting two numbers from switch 1 (connected to port A) and switch 2 (connected to port B), adding these numbers, and displaying the result on a 7-segment display connected to port C. It is mentioned that SEG 1 will display the low-order result value and SEG 2 will display the high-order result value. The assembly program should include instructions for reading the values from port A and port B, performing the addition operation, and sending the result to the appropriate segments of the 7-segment display connected to port C.

In conclusion, the question involves working with the 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) to compute addresses of ports and the control register, as well as writing an assembly program to perform specific tasks using the 8255 PPI. The assembly program should include instructions for inputting numbers from switches, performing calculations, and displaying the results on a 7-segment display. The 8255 PPI is a versatile device commonly used in microcontroller-based systems for interfacing with external devices and performing parallel I/O operations.

Learn more about microcontroller  here:- brainly.com/question/31856333

#SPJ11