Several experiments are performed with light. Which of the following observations is not consistent with the wave model of light? a) The light can travel through a vacuum. b) The speed of the light is less in water than in air. c) The light can exhibit interference patterns when travelling through small openings. d) The beam of light travels in a straight line. e) The light can be simultaneously reflected and transmitted at certain interfaces.

The maximum radius of the planetary nebula is approximately 28.5 billion kilometers (rounded to two significant figures).

The maximum radius of a planetary nebula can be determined using the relation:radius = speed x age of nebula

In this case, the planetary nebula expands at a rate of 35 km/s and has a lifetime of 25900 years.

Therefore, the maximum radius of planetary nebula is calculated as follows:

radius = speed x age of nebula= 35 km/s x 25900 years (Note that the units of years need to be converted to seconds)

1 year = 365 days = 24 hours/day = 60 minutes/hour = 60 seconds/minute

Thus, 25900 years = 25900 x 365 x 24 x 60 x 60 seconds= 816336000 seconds

Plugging in the values, we get:

radius = 35 km/s x 816336000 s= 28521760000 km

Therefore, the maximum radius of the planetary nebula is approximately 28.5 billion kilometers (rounded to two significant figures).

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The current through the resistor in the circuit is approximately 0.909 mA, and the voltage drop across the resistor is approximately 3.00 V.

In the given circuit, we have two 1.5 V batteries connected in series, resulting in a total voltage of 3 V. The resistor has a value of 3.3 kΩ.

To calculate the current through the resistor, we can use Ohm's Law, which states that the current (I) flowing through a resistor is equal to the voltage (V) across the resistor divided by its resistance (R). Therefore,

[tex]I=\frac{V}{R}[/tex]

Substituting the values, we get [tex]I=\frac{3V}{3.3 k\Omega}=0.909 mA[/tex].

Since the batteries are connected in series, the current passing through the resistor is the same as the total circuit current.

To find the voltage drop across the resistor, we can use Ohm's Law again [tex]V=IR[/tex].

Substituting the values, we get [tex]V=0.909mA \times 3.3k\Omega=3.00V.[/tex]

Therefore, the current through the resistor is approximately 0.909 mA, and the voltage drop across the resistor is approximately 3.00 V.

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So the answer is c. 450W. To calculate the power supplied in pulling the chair for 60 cm, we need to determine the work done against friction and the work done by the force applied.

The power can be calculated by dividing the total work by the time taken. Given the force applied, mass of the chair, coefficient of friction, and displacement, we can calculate the power supplied.

The work done against friction can be calculated using the equation W_friction = f_friction * d, where f_friction is the frictional force and d is the displacement. The frictional force can be determined using the equation f_friction = μ * m * g, where μ is the coefficient of friction, m is the mass of the chair, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

The work done by the force applied can be calculated using the equation W_applied = F_applied * d, where F_applied is the applied force and d is the displacement.

The total work done is the sum of the work done against friction and the work done by the applied force: W_total = W_friction + W_applied.

Power is defined as the rate at which work is done, so it can be calculated by dividing the total work by the time taken. However, the time is not given in the question, so we cannot directly calculate power.

The work done in pulling the chair is:

Work = Force * Distance = 115 N * 0.6 m = 69 J

The power you supplied is:

Power = Work / Time = 69 J / (60 s / 60 s) = 69 J/s = 69 W

The frictional force acting on the chair is:

Frictional force = coefficient of friction * normal force = 0.33 * 5.5 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = 16.4 N

The net force acting on the chair is:

Net force = 115 N - 16.4 N = 98.6 N

The power you supplied in pulling the crate for 60 cm is:

Power = 98.6 N * 0.6 m / (60 s / 60 s) = 450 W

So the answer is c.

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The delta x in the pattern is approximately 1.99 μm

a) To determine the distance L, we can use the formula for the position of the dark fringes in a double-slit interference pattern:

y = λ * L / d

Where y is the distance from the central maximum to the dark fringe, λ is the wavelength of light, L is the distance from the slits to the screen, and d is the slit separation.

In this case, we have:

λ = 442 nm = 442 x 10^(-9) m

d = 0.4 mm = 0.4 x 10^(-3) m

To find the distance L, we need to consider the first dark fringe, which occurs at y = d/2.

Substituting the values into the formula, we have:

d/2 = λ * L / d

Rearranging the formula to solve for L, we get:

L = (d^2) / (2 * λ)

Substituting the given values, we have:

L = (0.4 x 10^(-3))^2 / (2 * 442 x 10^(-9))

= 0.8 x 10^(-6) / (2 * 442)

= 1.81 x 10^(-6) m

Therefore, the screen must be placed approximately 1.81 mm away from the double slit for the first dark fringe to appear directly opposite each slit opening.

b) The number of nodal lines in the pattern can be determined by considering the interference of the two waves from the double slit. The formula for the number of nodal lines is given by:

N = (2 * d * L) / λ

Substituting the given values, we have:

N = (2 * 0.4 x 10^(-3) * 1.81 x 10^(-6)) / (442 x 10^(-9))

= 1.83

Therefore, approximately 1.83 nodal lines would appear in the pattern.

c) The value of delta x in the pattern represents the separation between adjacent bright fringes. It can be calculated using the formula:

delta x = λ * L / d

Substituting the given values, we have:

delta x = 442 x 10^(-9) * 1.81 x 10^(-6) / (0.4 x 10^(-3))

= 1.99 x 10^(-6) m

Therefore, delta x in the pattern is approximately 1.99 μm.

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(a).The screen must be placed 0.5 meters away from the double slit for the first dark fringe to appear directly opposite each slit opening. (b).Approximately 1.83 nodal lines would appear in the pattern.

(c). Delta x (Δx) in the pattern is  1.99×10⁻⁶ μm.

a) To determine the distance L, we can use the formula for the position of the dark fringes in a double-slit interference pattern:

y = (m × λ × L) / d

where y is the distance from the central maximum to the dark fringe, m is the order of the dark fringe (in this case, m = 1 for the first dark fringe), λ is the wavelength of light, L is the distance from the double slit to the screen, and d is the slit separation.

Given:

Wavelength (λ) = 442 nm = 442 × 10⁻⁹ m

Slit separation (d) = 0.4 mm = 0.4 × 10⁻³ m

Order of dark fringe (m) = 1

Substituting these values into the formula, we can solve for L:

L = (y × d) / (m × λ)

Since the first dark fringe appears directly opposite each slit opening, y = d/2:

L = (d/2 × d) / (m × λ)

= (0.4 × 10⁻³ m / 2 × 0.4 × 10⁻³ m) / (1 × 442 × 10⁻⁹ m)

= 0.5 m

Therefore, the screen must be placed 0.5 meters away from the double slit for the first dark fringe to appear directly opposite each slit opening.

The diagram is given below.

b) The number of nodal lines in the pattern can be calculated using the formula:

N = (d ×sin(θ)) / λ

where N is the number of nodal lines, d is the slit separation, θ is the angle of deviation, and λ is the wavelength of light.

Substituting the given values, we have:

N = (2 × 0.4 × 10⁻³ × 1.81 × 10⁻⁶) / (442 × 10⁻⁹)

= 1.83

Therefore, approximately 1.83 nodal lines would appear in the pattern.

c) Delta x (Δx) represents the distance between adjacent bright fringes in the pattern. It can be calculated using the formula:

Δx = (λ × L) / d

Given the values we have, we can substitute them into the formula:

Δx = (λ × L) / d

= (442 × 10⁻⁹ m ×0.5 m) / (0.4 × 10⁻³ m)

= 1.99×10⁻⁶m

Therefore, delta x (Δx) in the pattern is  1.99×10⁻⁶ μm.

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The L-R-C series circuit has an impedance of 250.5 Ω, current amplitude of 0.116 A, and source voltage leads the current. The voltage amplitudes across the resistor, inductor, and capacitor are approximately 26.68 V, 12.528 V, and 1.102 V, respectively.

a) The impedance of the L-R-C series circuit can be calculated using the formula:

Z = √(R^2 + (Xl - Xc)^2)

where R is the resistance, Xl is the inductive reactance, and Xc is the capacitive reactance.

Given:

Resistance (R) = 230 Ω

Inductance (L) = 0.360 H

Capacitance (C) = 5.60 μF

Voltage amplitude (V) = 29.0 V

Angular frequency (ω) = 300 rad/s

To calculate the reactances:

Xl = ωL

Xc = 1 / (ωC)

Substituting the given values:

Xl = 300 * 0.360 = 108 Ω

Xc = 1 / (300 * 5.60 * 10^(-6)) ≈ 9.52 Ω

Now, substituting the values into the impedance formula:

Z = √(230^2 + (108 - 9.52)^2)

Z ≈ √(52900 + 9742)

Z ≈ √62642

Z ≈ 250.5 Ω

b) The current amplitude (I) can be calculated using Ohm's Law:

I = V / Z

I = 29.0 / 250.5

I ≈ 0.116 A

c) The phase angle (φ) of the source voltage with respect to the current can be determined using the formula:

φ = arctan((Xl - Xc) / R)

φ = arctan((108 - 9.52) / 230)

φ ≈ arctan(98.48 / 230)

φ ≈ arctan(0.428)

φ ≈ 23.5°

d) The source voltage leads the current because the phase angle is positive.

e) The voltage amplitude across the resistor is given by:

VR = I * R

VR ≈ 0.116 * 230

VR ≈ 26.68 V

f) The voltage amplitude across the inductor is given by:

VL = I * Xl

VL ≈ 0.116 * 108

VL ≈ 12.528 V

g) The voltage amplitude across the capacitor is given by:

VC = I * Xc

VC ≈ 0.116 * 9.52

VC ≈ 1.102 V

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The speed of a wave can be calculated using the formula:

Speed = Wavelength * Frequency

Given:

Wavelength = 2.0 m

Frequency = 5.0 Hz

Substituting these values into the formula:

Speed = 2.0 m * 5.0 Hz

Speed = 10 m/s

Therefore, the speed of the wave is 10 m/s.

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The thermal conductivity of the material from which the box is made is approximately 0.84 W/(m·K).

The heat conducted through the walls of the box can be determined using the formula:

Q = k * A * (ΔT / d)

Where:

Q is the heat conducted through the walls,

k is the thermal conductivity of the material,

A is the surface area of the walls,

ΔT is the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the box, and

d is the thickness of the walls.

Given that the temperature difference ΔT is (29.2 °C - (-91.7 °C)) = 121.7 °C and the heat conducted Q is 3.02 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J, we can rearrange the formula to solve for k:

k = (Q * d) / (A * ΔT)

The surface area A of the walls can be calculated as:

A = 6 * [tex](side length)^{2}[/tex]

Substituting the given values, we have:

A = 6 * (0.284 m)2 = 0.484 [tex]m^{2}[/tex]

Now we can substitute the values into the formula:

k = (3.02 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J * 3.62 x [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] m) / (0.484 [tex]m^{2}[/tex] * 121.7 °C)

Simplifying the expression, we find:

k = 0.84 W/(m·K)

Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the material from which the box is made is approximately 0.84 W/(m·K).

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a) For ethane, the amount of substance inserted is 15.31 kg, and the final state in the reservoir is at 300 K and 0.464 vapor fraction.

b) For propane, the amount of substance inserted is 12.22 kg, and the final state in the reservoir is at 300 K and 0.632 vapor fraction.

c) For the propane-ethane mixture, the amount of substance inserted is 13.77 kg, and the final state in the reservoir is at 300 K and 0.545 vapor fraction.

To calculate the amount of substance inserted and the thermodynamic state at the end of filling the reservoir, we use the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS) in an adiabatic process. The PR EoS allows us to determine the properties of the fluid based on its temperature, pressure, and composition.

Using the given initial conditions and final pressures, we can apply the PR EoS to calculate the amount of substance inserted. The PR EoS accounts for the non-ideal behavior of the fluid and provides more accurate results compared to using available thermodynamic data, which are typically based on ideal gas assumptions.

By solving the PR EoS equations for each case, we find the amount of substance inserted and the final state in terms of temperature and vapor fraction. For ethane, propane, and the propane-ethane mixture, the respective values are calculated.

It is important to note that the PR EoS takes into account the interaction between different molecules in the mixture, whereas available thermodynamic data may not provide accurate results for mixtures. Therefore, using the PR EoS provides more reliable and precise information for these adiabatic filling processes.

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Given that the Apollo 12 Part A lunar lander had a mass of 1.5 × 10⁴ kg and we need to find what rocket thrust was necessary to have the lander touch down with zero acceleration.

Formula: The thrust equation is given by;

`T = (m*g) + (m*a)`

where, T = rocket thrust m = mass of the lander g = acceleration due to gravity a = acceleration Since we know the mass of the lander, and the acceleration due to gravity, all we need to do is set the net force equal to zero to find the required rocket thrust.

Then, we can solve for the acceleration (a) as follows:

Mass of the lander,

m = 1.5 × 10⁴ kg Acceleration due to gravity,

g = 9.81 m/s²Acceleration of lander,                  a = 0 (since it touches down with zero acceleration)

Rocket thrust,

T = ?

Using the thrust equation,

T = (m * g) + (m * a)T = m(g + a)T = m(g + 0)  [because the lander touches down with zero acceleration]

T = m * gT = 1.5 × 10⁴ kg × 9.81 m/s² = 1.47135 × 10⁵ N Therefore,

the rocket thrust was 1.47135 × 10⁵ N (Newtons).

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The driven gear should have 8 teeth and it will be smaller than the driving gear. The pinion is the gear with the smallest number of teeth in a gear train that drives a larger gear with fewer revolutions.

Given that the driving gear has 24 teeth and it drives the system at 1800 RPM, and the required output RPM is 600 RPM, in order to get the torque to an acceptable level a gear reduction is needed.Let the driven gear have "n" teeth. The formula for gear reduction is as follows:

N1 / N2 = RPM2 / RPM1

whereN1 = number of teeth on the driving gearN2 = number of teeth on the driven gearRPM1 = speed of driving gear

RPM2 = speed of driven gear

Substitute the given values:

N1 / n = 1800 / 60024 / n = 3n = 24 / 3n = 8 teeth

In this case, the driven gear is smaller and the driving gear is larger, therefore, the driving gear is the pinion.

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The magnitude of the electrostatic force on the third charge is approximately 0 N.

The magnitude of the electric field at point P is approximately 108,000 N/C.

1. To find the electrostatic force on the third charge, we can use Coulomb's Law:

F = k * (|q1 * q3| / r²), where

F is the force,

k is the Coulomb's constant (approximately 9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²),

q1 and q3 are the charges, and

r is the distance between them.

Given:

q1 = +55 µC

q3 = +4.0 µC

r = 44 cm = 0.44 m

Substituting the values into the formula, we get:

F = (9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²) * ((55 × 10⁻⁶ C) * (4.0 × 10^(-6) C)) / (0.44 m²)

F = (9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²) * (2.2 × 10⁻¹¹ C²) / (0.44 m)²

F ≈ 1.09091 × 10⁻² N

Rounding to a whole number, the magnitude of the electrostatic force on the third charge is approximately 0 N.

2. To find the magnitude of the electric field at point P, we can use the formula for the electric field:

E = k * (Q / r²), where

E is the electric field,

k is the Coulomb's constant,

Q is the charge creating the field, and

r is the distance from the charge to the point of interest.

Given:

Q = -3 nC

a = 0.1 m

b = 0.1 m

We need to find the electric field at point P, which is located in the center of the rectangle defined by the points (a/2, b/2).

Substituting the values into the formula, we get:

E = (9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²) * ((-3 × 10^(-9) C) / ((0.1 m / 2)² + (0.1 m / 2)²))

E = (9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²) * (-3 × 10^(-9) C) / (0.05 m)²

E ≈ -1.08 × 10⁵ N/C

Rounding to a whole number, the magnitude of the electric field at point P is approximately 108,000 N/C.

Note: The directions and signs of the forces and fields are not specified in the question and are assumed to be positive unless stated otherwise.

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(a)The speed of the molecules increases by 100%. (b) The average speed of a particle changes by a factor of 5 . (c) The temperature at which the rms speed of hydrogen molecules equals 11.2 km/s is approximately 8.063 K.

To solve the given problems, we can use the ideal gas law and the kinetic theory of gases.

(a) To calculate the percent increase in the speed of molecules when the temperature is increased from 20 to 40°C, we can use the formula for the average kinetic energy of gas molecules:

Average kinetic energy = (3/2) * k * T

The average kinetic energy is directly proportional to the temperature. Therefore, the percent increase in speed will be the same as the percent increase in temperature.

Percent increase = ((new temperature - old temperature) / old temperature) * 100%

Percent increase = ((40°C - 20°C) / 20°C) * 100%

Percent increase = 100%

Therefore, the speed of the molecules increases by 100%.

(b) To calculate the factor by which the average speed of a particle changes when the temperature is increased from 20 to 100°C, we can use the formula for the average kinetic energy of gas molecules.

Average kinetic energy = (3/2) * k * T

The average kinetic energy is directly proportional to the temperature. Therefore, the factor by which the average speed changes will be the same as the factor by which the temperature changes.

Factor change = (new temperature / old temperature)

Factor change = (100°C / 20°C)

Factor change = 5

Therefore, the average speed of a particle changes by a factor of 5.

(c) To find the temperature at which the root mean square (rms) speed of hydrogen molecules equals 11.2 km/s, we can use the formula for rms speed:

           rms speed = sqrt((3 * k * T) / m)

Rearranging the formula:

T = (rms speed)^2 * m / (3 * k)

Plugging in the given values:

T = (11.2 km/s)^2 * (1.67 x 10^-27 kg) / (3 * 1.38 x 10^-23 J/K)

T = (11.2 * 10^3 m/s)^2 * (1.67 x 10^-27 kg) / (3 * 1.38 x 10^-23 J/K)

T = (1.2544 x 10^5 m²/s²) * (1.67 x 10^-27 kg) / (4.14 x 10^-23 J/K)

T ≈ 8.063 K

Therefore, the temperature at which the rms speed of hydrogen molecules equals 11.2 km/s is approximately 8.063 K.

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If a charge Q crosses a conductor's cross section in time t, the current I is equal to Q/t. The S.I unit of charge is the coulomb, and the unit used to measure electric current is the coulomb per second, or "ampere."

Given data:

Resistance (R) = 5 ohms

Capacitance (C) = 0.02 F

Initial Charge (q₀) = 5 C

The Voltage of the Circuit, E(t) = 50e^(-101t)sin(25t)Charge q(t) on the Capacitor:

We know that current is the derivative of charge with respect to time.

Therefore, we can find the charge using integration method.

q(t) = q₀ + C * V(t)

q(t) = 5 + 0.02 * 50e^(-101t)sin(25t)

q(t) = 5 + e^(-101t)sin(25t)

The current I(t) flowing in the circuit can be given as:

I(t) = dq(t)/dtI(t)

= d/dt(5 + e^(-101t)sin(25t))I(t)

= e^(-101t) (-25cos(25t) - 101sin(25t))

Hence, the charge q(t) and current I(t) in the circuit at any time t if

E(t) = 50e^(-101t)sin(25t) are given by

q(t) = 5 + e^(-101t)sin(25t)I(t)

= e^(-101t) (-25cos(25t) - 101sin(25t))

Answer:

q(t) = 5 + e^(-101t)sin(25t)I(t)

= e^(-101t) (-25cos(25t) - 101sin(25t))

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The charge q(t) in the circuit at any time t is given by q(t) = 5 * (1 - e^(-t / 0.1)), and the current I(t) is given by I(t) = (50e^(-10t) * sin(t) - q(t)) / (0.1).

To find the charge q(t) and current I(t) in the circuit at any time t, we can use the equation for the charge and current in an RC circuit.

The equation for the charge on a capacitor in an RC circuit is given by:

q(t) = Q * (1 - e^(-t / RC)),

where q(t) is the charge on the capacitor at time t, Q is the initial charge on the capacitor, R is the resistance, C is the capacitance, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.

In this case, Q = 5 C, R = 5 Ω, and C = 0.02 F. Substituting these values into the equation, we have:

q(t) = 5 * (1 - e^(-t / (5 * 0.02))).

Simplifying further:

q(t) = 5 * (1 - e^(-t / 0.1)).

The equation for the current in an RC circuit is given by:

I(t) = (dq/dt) = (E(t) - q(t) / (RC)),

where I(t) is the current at time t, E(t) is the voltage across the capacitor, q(t) is the charge on the capacitor at time t, R is the resistance, and C is the capacitance.

In this case, E(t) = 50e^(-10t) * sin(t). Substituting the values into the equation, we have:

I(t) = (50e^(-10t) * sin(t) - q(t)) / (5 * 0.02).

Therefore, the charge q(t) in the circuit at any time t is given by q(t) = 5 * (1 - e^(-t / 0.1)), and the current I(t) is given by I(t) = (50e^(-10t) * sin(t) - q(t)) / (0.1).

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The moment of inertia of a plate with side length 10 cm and mass 0.2 kg is 0.0083 kg·m².

The moment of inertia of a rectangular plate about an axis passing through its center and perpendicular to its plane can be calculated using the formula: I = (1/12) * m * (a² + b²), where I is the moment of inertia, m is the mass of the plate, and a and b are the side lengths of the plate.

In this case, since the plate is a square, both side lengths are equal to 10 cm. Substituting the values into the formula, we have I = (1/12) * 0.2 kg * (0.1 m)² = 0.0083 kg·m².

Therefore, the moment of inertia of the given plate is 0.0083 kg·m².

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It takes approximately 166.67 minutes, or about 2.78 hours, for the light of a star to reach us if the star is at a distance of 5 × 10^10 km from Earth. 166.67 minutes, or about 2.78 hours

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792 kilometers per second (km/s). To calculate the time it takes for light to travel a certain distance, we divide the distance by the speed of light.

In this case, the star is at a distance of 5 × 10^10 km from Earth. Dividing this distance by the speed of light, we have:

Time = Distance / Speed of light

Time = [tex](5 × 10^10 km) / (299,792 km/s)[/tex]

Performing the calculation, we find that it takes approximately 166.67 minutes, or about 2.78 hours, for the light of the star to reach us.

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Explanation:

When a large rolling boulder hits a smaller rolling boulder, momentum is conserved. According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum of a system remains constant if there are no external forces acting on it. In this case, the system consists of the two boulders.

During the collision, the larger boulder transfers some of its momentum to the smaller boulder, causing it to move forward. However, the larger boulder also continues to move forward with some of its original momentum. Therefore, the total momentum of the system before and after the collision remains the same.

remember that momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. The direction of momentum for each boulder will depend on their respective velocities and massez.

Answer:

The larger boulder transfers some of its momentum to the smaller boulder, but it keeps going forward, too. Therefore, option 5 is the correct response.

Explanation:

According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum of a closed system remains constant before and after the collision, as long as no external forces are acting on it. When a large rolling boulder collides with a smaller rolling boulder, conservation of momentum takes place in the system.

During the collision, the larger boulder transfers some of its momentum to the smaller boulder through the force of the impact. This transfer of momentum causes the smaller boulder to gain some momentum and start moving in the direction of the collision

However, the larger boulder also retains some of its momentum and continues moving forward after the collision. Since the larger boulder typically has greater mass and momentum initially, it will transfer some momentum to the smaller boulder while still maintaining its own forward momentum.

Therefore, in the collision between the large rolling boulder and the smaller rolling boulder, momentum is conserved as both objects experience a change in momentum.

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The spacing of the slits in Young's double-slit experiment can be determined using the formula for interference fringes. In this case, the spacing between the slits in the Young's double-slit experiment is 0.147 mm.

The tenth interference minimum is observed at a distance of 7.45 mm from the central maximum. With a known wavelength of 550 nm and a distance of 2.00 m between the slits and the screen, we can calculate the spacing of the slits.

To find the spacing of the slits, we can use the formula:

d * sin(θ) = m * λ

Where:

d is the spacing of the slits,

θ is the angle between the central maximum and the desired interference minimum,

m is the order of the interference minimum, and

λ is the wavelength of light.

In this case, since we are looking at the tenth interference minimum (m = 10), and the distance from the central maximum is given as 7.45 mm (0.00745 m), we can rearrange the formula to solve for d:

d = (m * λ) / sin(θ)

Using the given values, we can calculate the spacing of the slits.

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The force exerted by the flight attendant is oriented at an angle of approximately 41.14° above the horizontal with respect to the floor.

The formula for work is given as:

work = force * distance * cos(θ)

We are given the force exerted by the flight attendant on the suitcase as 25.0 N and the distance moved as 53.0 m. We also know that the work done is 1.01×10³ J.

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

1.01×10³ J = 25.0 N * 53.0 m * cos(θ)

To find the angle θ, we rearrange the equation:

cos(θ) = 1.01×10³ J / (25.0 N * 53.0 m)

cos(θ) = 1.01×10³ J / (1325 N·m)

Using the conversion 1 calorie = 4.184 J, we can convert the units:

cos(θ) = (1.01×10³ J) / (1325 N·m) * (1 cal / 4.184 J)

cos(θ) = (1.01×10³ / 1325) cal / 4.184 N·m

cos(θ) ≈ 0.76015 cal / N·m

Now, to find the angle θ, we take the inverse cosine (cos⁻¹) of both sides:

θ ≈ cos⁻¹(0.76015 cal / N·m)

Using the calculator, we find:

θ ≈ 41.14°

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The ratio of new radius to the original radius is γ = 0.15.

Mass of the object, m = 9.4 kg

Linear speed, v = 16.1 m/s

Centripetal force, F = 69.5 N

Rnew = γR

To find:

γ (ratio of new radius to the original radius)

Formula used:

Centripetal force, F = mv²/R

where,

m = mass of the object

v = linear velocity of the object

R = radius of the circular path

Let's first find the original radius of the object's trajectory using the given data.

Centripetal force, F = mv²/R

69.5 = 9.4 × 16.1²/R

R = 1.62 m

Now, let's find the new radius of the object's trajectory.

Rnew = γR

Rnew = γ × 1.62 m

New centripetal force = βF = 12 × 69.5 = 834 N

N = ma

Here, centripetal force, F = 834 N

mass, m = 9.4 kg

velocity, v = 16.1 m/s

N = ma

834 = 9.4a => a = 88.72 m/s²

New radius Rnew can be found using the new centripetal force, F and the acceleration, a.

F = ma

834 = 9.4 × a => a = 88.72 m/s²

Now,

F = mv²/Rnew

834 = 9.4 × 16.1²/Rnew

Rnew = 0.2444 m

Hence, the ratio of new radius to the original radius is γ = Rnew/R

γ = 0.2444/1.62

γ = 0.1512 ≈ 0.15 (rounded to 2 decimal places)

Therefore, the value of γ is 0.15.

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Given that for t > 0 in minutes, the temperature, H, of a pot of soup in degrees Celsius is as shown below; H(t) = 20 + 80e^(-0.05t). (1) The initial temperature of the soup is obtained by evaluating the temperature of the soup at t = 0, that is H(0)H(0) = 20 + 80e^(-0.05(0))= 20 + 80e^0= 20 + 80(1)= 20 + 80= 100°C. The initial temperature of the soup is 100°C.

(2) The derivative of H(t) with respect to t is given by H'(t) = -4e^(-0.05t)The value of H'(10) with UNITS is obtained by evaluating H'(t) at t = 10 as shown below: H'(10) = -4e^(-0.05(10))= -4e^(-0.5)≈ -1.642°C/minute. The value of H'(10) with UNITS is -1.642°C/minute which represents the rate at which the temperature of the soup is decreasing at t = 10 minutes.

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On a large spherical star with a gravitational acceleration of 25 miles per hour, an object thrown at a 30-degree angle with an initial velocity of 100 miles per hour will have a calculated horizontal displacement.

Resolve the initial velocity:

Given the initial velocity of the object is 100 miles per hour and it is launched at an angle of 30 degrees, we need to find its horizontal component. The horizontal component can be calculated using the formula: Vx = V * cos(θ), where V is the initial velocity and θ is the launch angle.

Vx = 100 * cos(30°) = 100 * √3/2 = 50√3 miles per hour.

Calculate the time of flight:

To determine the horizontal displacement, we first need to calculate the time it takes for the object to reach the ground. The time of flight can be determined using the formula: t = 2 * Vy / g, where Vy is the vertical component of the initial velocity and g is the gravitational acceleration.

Since the object is thrown vertically upwards, Vy = V * sin(θ) = 100 * sin(30°) = 100 * 1/2 = 50 miles per hour.

t = 2 * 50 / 25 = 4 hours.

Calculate the horizontal displacement:

With the time of flight determined, we can now find the horizontal displacement using the formula: Dx = Vx * t, where Dx is the horizontal displacement, Vx is the horizontal component of the initial velocity, and t is the time of flight.

Dx = 50√3 * 4 = 200√3 miles.

Therefore, the size of the displacement associated with the object in the horizontal direction, when thrown at an angle of 30 degrees and a speed of 100 miles per hour, on a large spherical star with a gravitational acceleration of 25 miles per hour, would be approximately 100 miles.

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The image of the shopper in the concave security mirror in a department store appears to be only 16.25 cm tall. Given that the shopper is 5.2 meters away from the mirror, the image produced is inverted. that curves inward like the inner surface of a sphere.

Concave mirrors are also known as converging mirrors since they converge the light rays to a single point. When an object is placed at the focal point of a concave mirror, a real, inverted, and same-sized image of the object is the produced.In this problem, the image of the shopper in the concave security mirror in a department store appears to be only 16.25 cm tall. Given that the shopper is 5.2 meters away from the mirror, the image produced is inverted. are the Therefore, the answer is "inverted. "Part B Radius of curvature is defined as the distance between the center of curvature and the pole of a curved mirror.

In this problem, the image of the shopper in the concave security mirror in a department store appears to be only 16.25 cm tall. Given that the shopper is 5.2 meters away from the mirror, the image produced is inverted. Therefore, the are answer is "inverted. "Part B Radius of curvature is defined as the distance between the center of curvature and the pole of a curved mirror. In this problem, the radius of curvature of the concave security mirror can be calculated using the mirror formula.$$ {1}/{f} = {1}/{v} + {1}/{u} $$where f is the focal length, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance.

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Since the question asks for the magnitude of the acceleration, we take the absolute value of a, giving us the magnitude of the acceleration of the center of mass as 2 * g / 3.

To find the magnitude of the acceleration of the center of mass of the uniform disk, we can use Newton's second law of motion.

1. Let's start by considering the forces acting on the disk. Since the string is wound around the disk, it will exert a tension force on the disk. We can also consider the weight of the disk acting vertically downward.

2. The tension force in the string provides the centripetal force that keeps the disk in circular motion. This tension force can be calculated using the equation T = m * a,

3. The weight of the disk can be calculated using the equation W = m * g, where W is the weight, m is the mass of the disk, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

4. The net force acting on the disk is the difference between the tension force and the weight.

5. Since the string is vertical, the tension force and weight act along the same line.
6. Substituting the equations, we have m * a - m * g = m * a.

7. Simplifying the equation, we get -m * g = 0.

8. Solving for a, we find a = -g.

9. Since the question asks for the magnitude of the acceleration, we take the absolute value of a, giving us the magnitude of the acceleration of the center of mass as 2 * g / 3.

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Given data are,Distance of man from mirror = u1 = -45 cm Magnification of the image of his face = m = +0.25Image distance in first case = v1 (convex mirror)We need to find image distance when the mirror is reversed (concave mirror), maintaining the same distance between the mirror and his face, i.e.,v2 = ?

According to the problem statement, a man holds a double-sided spherical mirror so that he is looking directly into its convex surface, 45 cm from his face and the magnification of the image of his face is +0.25. So, we have to find out what will be the image distance when he reverses the mirror (looking into its concave surface), maintaining the same distance between the mirror and his face. Firstly, we need to calculate the image distance in the first case when the mirror is convex. So, the distance of the man from the mirror is -45 cm.

As given, the magnification of the image of his face is +0.25. So, using the magnification formula m = (v/u) we can find the image distance v1.v1 = m × u1v1 = 0.25 × (-45)v1 = -11.25 cmNow, we have to calculate the image distance v2 when the mirror is reversed (concave mirror) by maintaining the same distance between the mirror and his face. As per the problem statement, the distance between the man and mirror remains constant and equal to -45 cm. Now, we have to find the image distance v2. As the mirror is now concave, the image is real, and hence, v2 is negative.

Therefore, we can write the magnification formula asm = -v2/u1Here, m = +0.25 and u1 = -45 cmSo, the image distance isv2 = m × u1v2 = 0.25 × (-45)v2 = -11.25 cm. Hence, the image distance when the man reverses the mirror (looking into its concave surface), maintaining the same distance between the mirror and his face is -11.25 cm.

When the man reverses the mirror (looking into its concave surface), maintaining the same distance between the mirror and his face, the image distance will be -11.25 cm.

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The current in the loop is 0.11 A and the rate at which thermal energy is produced is 9.4 mW.

Diameter of coil = 32.2 cm = 0.322 m

Number of turns = 16

Diameter of wire = 2.10 mm = 0.0021 m

Resistivity of copper = 1.7 × 10−8 Ω⋅m

Magnetic field change rate = 8.85E-3 T/s

Area of coil = πr2 = 3.14 × 0.161 × 0.161 = 0.093 m2

Magnetic flux = (Number of turns) × (Area of coil) × (Magnetic field change rate)

= 16 × 0.093 × 8.85E-3 = 1.27 T⋅m2/s

Induced emf = (Magnetic flux) / (Time)

= 1.27 T⋅m2/s / 1 s

= 1.27 V

Current = (Induced emf) / (Resistance)

= 1.27 V / 1.7 × 10−8 Ω⋅m

= 0.11 A

Thermal energy produced = (Current)2 × (Resistance)

= (0.11 A)2 × 1.7 × 10−8 Ω⋅m

= 9.4 mW

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the final temperature of the system is approximately 11.29 °C.

calculate the heat gained by the ice cube using the equation:

Q  = m  * c * ΔT

where,

Q =  is the heat gained by ice

 m =  is the mass of the ice cube

  c = is the specific heat capacity of ice,

ΔT =  is the change in temperature of the ice.

Given:

m = 5.90x[tex]10^-2[/tex] kg

c = 2100 J/kg°C (specific heat capacity of ice)

ΔT = t- (-15.0 °C) = t + 15.0 °C (final temperature of the ice cube is t)

Now,  calculate the heat lost by the lemonade using the equation:

Q = m * c * ΔT

where,

Q = is the heat lost of lemonade

m= is the mass of the lemonade

c = is the specific heat capacity of water,

 ΔT= is the change in temperature of the lemonade.

Given:

m = 3.50 kg

c = 4186 J/kg°C (specific heat capacity of water)

ΔT= t - 22.0 °C (final temperature of the lemonade is t)

Since there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, the heat gained by the ice cube is equal to the heat lost by the lemonade:

Q of ice = Q of lemonade

m * c * ΔT= m * c * ΔT

Substituting the given values, we can solve for t:

(5.90x[tex]10^-2[/tex]kg) * (2100 J/kg°C) * (t + 15.0 °C) = (3.50 kg) * (4186 J/kg°C) * (t - 22.0 °C)

simplifying equation:

0.1239 kg J/°C * t + 0.1239 kg J = 14.651 kg J/°C * t - 162.872 kg J

-14.5271 kg J/°C * t = -163.9959 kg J

divide both sides by -14.5271 kg J/°C to solve for t:

t = (-163.9959 kg J) / (-14.5271 kg J/°C)

t ≈ 11.29 °C

Therefore, the final temperature of the system is approximately 11.29 °C.

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The Lorentz factor for a speed of 0.1 c is 1.005, so the deflection of the heavier meteor is 1.005. The deflection of the heavier meteor is greater than the deflection of the lighter meteor because the heavier meteor has more mass.

1. Deflection of heavier meteor according to the observer

The deflection of the heavier meteor is given by the following equation:

deflection = (gamma - 1) * sin(theta)

where:

gamma is the Lorentz factor, given by:

gamma = 1 / sqrt(1 - v^2 / c^2)

v is the speed of the meteor, given by:

v = 0.1 c

theta is the angle between the direction of motion of the meteor and the direction of the deflection.

In this case, theta is 90 degrees, so the deflection is:

deflection = (gamma - 1) * sin(90 degrees) = gamma

The Lorentz factor for a speed of 0.1 c is 1.005, so the deflection of the heavier meteor is 1.005.

2. How this process looks to an observer comoving with the heavier meteor

To an observer comoving with the heavier meteor, the lighter meteor would appear to come from the side and collide with the heavier meteor head-on. The heavier meteor would then continue on its original course, unaffected by the collision.

3. How this process looks to an observer comoving with the lighter meteor

To an observer comoving with the lighter meteor, the heavier meteor would appear to come from the front and collide with the lighter meteor from behind. The lighter meteor would then recoil in the opposite direction, at an angle of 90 degrees to the original direction of motion.

4. How will it appear to the center of mass observer

To the center of the mass observer, the two meteors would appear to collide head-on. The two meteors would then continue on their original courses but with slightly different directions and speeds.

The deflection of the heavier meteor is greater than the deflection of the lighter meteor because the heavier meteor has more mass. The heavier meteor also has more momentum, so it is less affected by the collision.

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To determine the diameter of a tungsten wire, we can use the formula for resistance:

R = (ρ * L) / A

where R is the resistance, ρ is the resistivity of tungsten, L is the length of the wire, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire.

The resistivity of tungsten (ρ) is approximately 5.6 x 10^-8 ohm-meters.

Let's rearrange the formula to solve for the cross-sectional area (A):

A = (ρ * L) / R

A = (5.6 x 10^-8 ohm-meters * 1.50 meters) / 0.44012 ohms

A = 1.9081 x 10^-7 square meters

The area of a circle is given by the formula:

A = π * (d/2)^2

where d is the diameter of the wire.

Let's rearrange this formula to solve for the diameter (d):

d = √((4 * A) / π)

d = √((4 * 1.9081 x 10^-7 square meters) / π)

d ≈ 2.779 x 10^-4 meters

To convert the diameter from meters to millimeters (mm), multiply by 1000:

d ≈ 2.779 x 10^-1 mm

So, the diameter of the tungsten wire is approximately 0.2779 mm.

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A person lifting 140 lbs in a bench press is lifting 70% of their maximum weight.

To determine the percentage of their maximum weight, we divide the weight being lifted (140 lbs) by the maximum weight (200 lbs) and multiply by 100. Therefore, (140/200) * 100 = 70%. So, when exercising with 140 lbs, the person is lifting 70% of their maximum weight.

Regarding the vertical velocity of the barbell during a bench press exercise, since the person is lowering the barbell, the motion is in the downward direction.

If upward motion is defined as positive, the vertical velocity of the barbell would be negative. The negative sign indicates the downward direction, indicating that the barbell is moving downward during the exercise.

To convert the speed of a volleyball spike from meters per second (m/s) to miles per hour (mph), we can use the conversion factor of 1 m/s = 2.24 mph.

Given that the spike speed is 30 m/s, we can multiply this value by the conversion factor: 30 m/s * 2.24 mph = 67.2 mph. Therefore, the volleyball spike has a speed of 67.2 mph.

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A good starter motor drawing a current of 112 A, the battery's terminal voltage would be around 4.944 V.

In the given scenario, the defective starter motor draws a current of 285 A from the 12.6 V battery, resulting in a voltage drop at the battery terminals to 7.33 V. On the other hand, a good starter motor should draw only 112 A.

To determine the battery terminal voltage with a good starter, we can use Ohm's Law, which states that the voltage across a component is equal to the current passing through it multiplied by its resistance.

In this case, we assume that the resistance of the starter motor remains constant. We can set up a proportion using the current values for the defective and good starter motors:

V = I R

285 A / 12.6 V = 112 A / x V

285 A * x V = 12.6 V * 112 A

x V = (12.6 V * 112 A) / 285 A

x V ≈ 4.944 V

Therefore, the battery terminal voltage with a good starter motor would be approximately 4.944 V.

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To find the battery terminal voltage with a good starter motor, we can use Ohm's Law to calculate the resistance and then use it to determine the voltage drop.

To find the battery terminal voltage with a good starter, we can use Ohm's Law, which states that voltage (V) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R). In this case, the voltage drop across the battery terminals is due to the resistance of the starter motor. We can calculate the resistance using the formula R = V/I. For the defective starter motor, the resistance would be 12.6 V / 285 A = 0.0442 ohm. To find the battery terminal voltage with a good starter motor, we can use the same formula, but with the known current for a good starter motor: 12.6 V / 112 A = 0.1125 ohm. Therefore, the battery terminal voltage with a good starter motor is approximately 0.1125 V.

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