Slavery in America

Answer each question with a paragraph of complete sentences of your own words. Be sure to mention specific events, people, and terms from the lesson to support your answer.

The Mercator projection is used for all types of navigation because it provides a consistent and accurate representation of a straight line of travel.

The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection that shows a true direction between any two points on Earth, keeping the same shape for small areas. It has a constant scale along the equator and shows all the meridians and parallels as straight lines that meet at right angles, which helps navigators plot a course that minimizes distance and avoids distortion.

Aside from its consistency and accuracy, the Mercator projection is commonly used because it can be easily reproduced, it is simple to use, and it offers a great way to measure distances accurately. The Mercator projection is widely used in navigation charts and maps because it presents the true angle between two points, allowing sailors to plot a straight course, and it is highly useful in aviation navigation and other fields that require precise measurements.

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Starvation during Elizabethan times was a significant problem in England. The poor were more likely to starve because they had less access to food, and the price of food was very high, as compared to today’s world.

People died in large numbers, and the government struggled to manage the crisis. Starvation affected both the poor and the rich, and it was a widespread issue throughout the country. The problem was so severe that the government issued proclamations calling on people to give money and food to the poor.  

They also believed that the poor were lazy, which is why they were starving. One of the explicit examples of starvation during Elizabethan times is the story of Mary Queen of Scots. She was imprisoned by Elizabeth I, and she died from starvation after being held captive for several years.  

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The Three-Fifths Compromise was a critical agreement made at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. The agreement, which took place between slaveholding and non-slaveholding states, was crucial in determining how slaves would be counted in the population for purposes of representation and taxation.

The Three-Fifths Compromise resolved this issue by counting each slave as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation. This compromise gave the slaveholding states more power in Congress than they would have had otherwise, but it was not as much power as they had wanted.

The Three-Fifths Compromise was significant because it addressed two critical issues: representation and taxation. The agreement ensured that slaves would be counted as part of the population for purposes of representation and taxation, but not as much as the slaveholding states had wanted.

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During the 1930s, many Americans wished to limit the immigration of Jews into the United States due to prevalent anti-Semitism, economic concerns during the Great Depression, national security fears, and cultural/religious biases.

In conclusion, during the 1930s, restrictions on Jewish immigration to the United States were driven by anti-Semitism, economic anxieties, national security fears, and cultural biases against Jews.

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Answer:to make it legal to move Japanese Americans to internment camps

Explanation:

The last effect in this cause and effect chain from the Romans to the kings is that it led to the establishment of powerful and wealthy monarchies.

The Roman Empire was one of the most powerful empires in the world, and it lasted for over 500 years. The empire was known for its military might, innovative engineering, and political savvy. The fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD marked the end of an era and the beginning of a new one.

The fall of the Roman Empire left a power vacuum that was quickly filled by various groups of people. In Europe, the period following the fall of the Roman Empire was marked by the rise of powerful monarchies. These monarchies were usually based on hereditary rule, and they were often characterized by an extensive system of feudalism. The kings and queens of Europe were powerful figures, and they often controlled vast amounts of land and resources.

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Rhode Island, the smallest state in the United States, was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, who was expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony for his opposition to religious tolerance and the confiscation of Native American land.

In the late 17th century, Rhode Island most closely compared to Pennsylvania in terms of its religious tolerance and government policies. William Penn, a Quaker, founded Pennsylvania as a haven for people of different faiths and beliefs, and he worked to establish a government that was equitable and fair to all citizens. Rhode Island was also established as a haven for religious freedom. Rhode Island's government was based on the principles of the separation of church and state, and the state's constitution protected the rights of individuals to practice their own religions without fear of persecution.

Both state's founders believed in the principles of democracy, individual liberty, and religious freedom. They worked hard to establish governments that protected these rights and fostered the growth of a diverse and prosperous society. In conclusion, at the time of its founding in the late 17th century, Rhode Island most closely compared to Pennsylvania in terms of its emphasis on religious tolerance, government policies, and principles of democracy, individual liberty, and religious freedom.

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The modern American values that might be familiar to a 17th-century Puritan includes religious devotion and moral righteousness.

The Puritans placed a strong emphasis on religious devotion and moral righteousness, seeking to live according to their strict interpretation of Christian principles.

This commitment to religious faith and the pursuit of moral virtue are seen in contemporary American society where many individuals still prioritize religious beliefs and strive to live ethically.

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There are many similarities and differences between Greco- Roman and Judeo christian views of laws and faith, and duties to the individual. Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BCE and continued throughout the Hellenistic period in which Ancient Greece was part of Empire. It dealt with a wide variety of subjects including political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics ontology, logic, biology, art, rhetorics, and aesthetics. Judeo- christian is a term used by Christian and some jews since 1950s to encompass common beliefs of christianity and judaism. It became part of American Civil Religion.

The change in the arrest rates for girls' violence since the 1980's is partially due to both zero-tolerance arrest policies and upcriming.

The change in the arrest rates for girls' violence since the 1980s is partially due to both zero-tolerance arrest policies and upcriming. Zero-tolerance arrest policies are a police response to minor and major criminal activities, and it has seen increasing popularity since the 1980s. On the other hand, upcriming occurs when minor offenses are taken seriously and punished harshly, giving the impression that the crime rate is rising.

The dual trends of zero-tolerance arrest policies and upcriming have contributed to the increased number of girls arrested for violent crimes since the 1980s. Additionally, some scholars argue that the role of gender norms and expectations, which shape responses to delinquency, might have also influenced the change in arrest rates for girls' violence.

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The conflict between Diljit Dosanjh and Kangana Ranaut began on social media in September 2020.

It primarily revolved around the controversial Farm Bills passed by the Indian government, which led to widespread protests by farmers across the country.

Diljit Dosanjh, a popular Punjabi actor and singer, expressed his support for the farmers and their demands. He criticized the government's handling of the situation and engaged in discussions with various individuals, including Kangana Ranaut, a prominent Bollywood actress known for her outspoken nature and right-wing views.

So, it began in 2020 when Diljit became irate about a tweet from Kangan. When the Farmers' Protest took place, she had posted about an old Sikh woman who had been there.

The old woman, who the actress identified as being the same Dadi who played Shaheen Bagh, had written that she had taken part in the demonstration for Rs. 100.

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The revolutionary army of France struggled against the military might of Prussia during the French Revolutionary Wars. Two significant reasons why the revolutionary army fared poorly against Prussia in 1792 are as follows:

Inadequate training and low morale of soldiers Inadequate training of soldiers was one of the significant reasons behind the revolutionary army's failure against Prussia in 1792. Most of the soldiers had no prior experience in fighting, and their training was inadequate. The French Revolution had just taken place, and many individuals who had never served in the army were now enlisted in it.

The lack of trained soldiers was a disadvantage for the revolutionary army, as Prussia had a well-trained army. The French soldiers were not prepared to fight on the battlefield, and many of them panicked, retreated, or surrendered at the first sight of danger.

Low morale among the soldiers was also a factor that contributed to their failure in battle. The soldiers were not motivated, and they had lost faith in their commanders. They were poorly fed and ill-equipped, and their living conditions were miserable.

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Option D. Each branch of government can check the power of the other two.

The statement that best completes the table is "Power is separated between three branches of government."This statement is the most accurate and complete one that accurately describes the structure of the Federal Government. According to the Constitution of the United States, the federal government is composed of three separate branches, which are the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The reason for the separation of power between these branches is to avoid any one branch from having too much power over the others and to ensure that each branch of government can check and balance the others.

In the legislative branch, Congress has the power to make laws and to manage the budget of the federal government. The executive branch is responsible for enforcing and implementing the laws created by Congress, and the judicial branch interprets the laws and decides if they are constitutional. The principle of separation of powers is one of the most important features of the United States government. This principle ensures that no one person or group can have too much power, and it provides a system of checks and balances that prevents any one branch of government from becoming too powerful .

The separation of power between the three branches of government ensures that there is no centralization of power in the hands of a few individuals or groups. Instead, power is spread across different branches of government, which means that no one branch can have too much control over the others. This is important in a democracy, where the people must have the power to hold their government accountable. Therefore the correct option is D

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The main idea of W.E.B. Du Bois's article "Close Ranks" in Crisis (1918) is to emphasize the importance of African American support and loyalty to the United States during World War I.

Du Bois argues that despite facing systemic racism and discrimination, African Americans should put aside their grievances and rally behind the war effort. He asserts that their participation and sacrifice in the war would serve as a demand for full citizenship rights and equality in the post-war era.

Du Bois acknowledges the injustices faced by African Americans but encourages them to temporarily unite with their white compatriots to fight against the common enemy of racism.

On the other hand, the main idea of "The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" (1938) is to provide an official account of the party's history and its role in shaping the Soviet Union.

The document, prepared under the direction of Joseph Stalin, presents a narrative that highlights the party's successes, achievements, and contributions to the development of socialism in the Soviet Union.

It portrays the Communist Party as the vanguard of the working class, leading the country through various stages, including the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, collectivization, and industrialization.

The main idea of this document is to establish the legitimacy and authority of the Communist Party and to solidify its position as the ruling party in the Soviet Union.

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The article could cover the realities experienced by the Confederacy and the Union, providing insight into difficulties faced on American territory.

The Confederacy and the Union went through radically different wartime circumstances in the middle of the American Civil War. The reality that the two sides are dealing with gives a foreign observer a window into the difficulties and struggles encountered on American territory. The Confederate States experienced a wide range of sufferings as a result of the war. Resources are scarce, and the economy is struggling. Given the sharp rise in inflation and surging food prices, food shortages have become a terrible reality. As more young men enlist in the war, the agricultural civilization of the Confederacy has seen its fields damaged, farms abandoned, and labor force diminished. In an era of scarcity, women have carried heavy burdens while attempting to support their families.

Additionally, the Confederate States had weak industrial capacity and deteriorating infrastructure, making it difficult to provide crucial war supplies. Networks for communication and transportation are hampered, which hinders effective coordination and reaction. In contrast, a different scenario plays out in the Union. Infrastructure growth and industrialization have benefited the Union. Despite challenges and sacrifices, the Union is better able to maintain its culture and military than the Confederacy.

But the burden of loss and sacrifice falls equally on both sides. As loved ones fight on opposing sides in a deadly conflict, families are torn apart. Communities are destroyed, and the cost to human lives is tremendous. These wounds may not heal for years. The contrasting realities of the Confederacy and the Union provide a simple portrayal of the complex effects of war as it endures.

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To repeat a ceremony, often without thought, reduces the ceremony to a ritual is True.

Repeating a ceremony without thought or understanding can indeed reduce it to a mere ritual. Ceremonies are typically imbued with meaning, symbolism, and intention. They often serve as important cultural, religious, or social practices that carry significance for the individuals or communities involved.

However, if a ceremony is performed mechanically or repetitively without genuine engagement or understanding, the deeper meaning and significance behind the ceremony may be lost, and it may be reduced to a mere ritual—a routine or tradition carried out without thought or meaningful connection.

Rituals, while they may still hold cultural or social value, can lack the depth and intentionality that ceremonies possess. They may become empty routines or habits performed for the sake of tradition or appearance, rather than as meaningful acts of reverence, celebration, or remembrance.

To fully appreciate the power and significance of a ceremony, it is important to approach it with mindfulness, understanding, and active participation. By engaging with the ceremony's symbolism, reflecting on its purpose, and recognizing its relevance to one's own life or community.

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The unexpected consequences of Britain's victory in the French and Indian War were the increase in Britain's debt and the beginning of tensions between Britain and its American colonies.

The French and Indian War, which took place from 1754-1763, resulted in a victory for Britain. However, this victory came with unexpected consequences. One of the main consequences was an increase in Britain's debt. The war was expensive for Britain, and the cost of maintaining its newly acquired territories also added to the debt.

Another consequence was the beginning of tensions between Britain and its American colonies. Prior to the war, the colonies had enjoyed a level of autonomy, but following the war, Britain began to tighten its control over the colonies, imposing taxes and other restrictions. This led to resentment among the colonists and eventually to the American Revolution.

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The prime meridian is at 0° longitude, while the opposite side of the Earth is at 180° longitude.

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The  checkmark is  next to the following reasons  why the colonists protested against British taxation: was

The above reasons was the core reasons for the colonists' to protest  against the British taxation policy. The colonists felt that they have not  being represented in the  British Parliament which was against the British constitution since they were not represented in the parliament hence, the taxes which was  imposed on them was not consent through a representative which is against their right a citizens

Also the tax imposed on them was said o  believed that their right to life, liberty, and property  has being taken from them  since its against  their consent and  there was no representative to negotiate on the policy and they  saw it  an infringement of the British constitution and their rights

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Here are some ways that can help create such a community:

1. Encourage Open Communication: Communication is vital in creating a supportive learning environment. Teachers should encourage students to share their thoughts and feelings with one another.

2. Emphasize Reflection: Reflective thinking helps learners assess their strengths, weaknesses and the areas they need to improve on. Encouraging students to reflect regularly helps them to focus on their learning and identify what they have learned.

3. Encourage Collaboration: Collaboration is essential for learning in a community. Teachers should encourage students to work together and help each other to solve problems.

4. Encourage Respect: Respect is the cornerstone of a positive and supportive learning community. Students should respect their fellow learners, their teachers, and the community.

5. Encourage Creativity: Creativity is essential for learning. Encourage students to be creative, to explore new ideas, and to think critically. Give them opportunities to express themselves in different ways, and allow them to learn through experimentation.

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One of the union's advantages over the Confederacy during the Civil War was that the Union had more resources, including more significant industrial production, better transportation, and a larger population, which gave them a more significant number of soldiers and better equipment.

The Union's superior resources were critical during the Civil War. They enabled the Union to equip their soldiers better, transport them, and provide food, clothing, and weapons for them. Union armies could advance into Confederate territory more effectively because they had better logistics. Additionally, the Union had a more extensive industrial base, allowing them to produce more war materials such as arms, ammunition, clothing, and shoes. With a more significant population, the Union could mobilize more men into their armies. The Union had access to more extensive networks of railways and canals, making it easier for them to transport troops and supplies.

These advantages enabled the Union to maintain a robust blockade of Confederate ports, choking off the Confederacy's ability to trade with foreign countries.

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The Union also had an established government and a recognized leader in President Abraham Lincoln, whereas the Confederacy struggled with unity and leadership. These advantages ultimately played a significant role in the Union's victory in the Civil War.

Confederacy during the Civil War was their larger population and industrial cap One of the Union's advantages over the acity. This advantage allowed the Union to mobilize a larger army and produce more weapons, ammunition, and supplies.

The Union also had a more developed transportation system, including railroads, which helped them move troops and supplies more efficiently.

Additionally, the Union had control of the major waterways, such as the Mississippi River, which allowed them to cut off Confederate supply lines and divide their forces.

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The First World War was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, causing extensive human and material damage. The United States was involved in the war, which lasted from 1914 until 1918.

The Second Battle of Marne, Eddie Rickenbacker, Belleau Wood, and Alvin York are essential parts of American history. They all contributed to the victory of the Allied Powers against the Central Powers and were critical to the war effort. It was fought between German and Allied forces in the summer of 1918. The Germans were heavily outnumbered and outgunned, and their attack was defeated.

These events are important because they represent some of the most significant moments of the First World War. They highlight the bravery and heroism of American soldiers and demonstrate the country's growing military power.

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The most famous charge against Union forces that the commander of the largest Confederate unit did was Pickett's Charge.

Pickett's Charge was a frontal assault by 12,000 Confederate troops against the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. The attack was a costly failure, and it is considered to be one of the turning points of the Civil War.

The commander of the largest Confederate unit at Gettysburg was Lieutenant General James Longstreet. Longstreet was a brilliant strategist and tactician, but he was also a cautious commander. He believed that Pickett's Charge was a reckless gamble, and he tried to dissuade General Robert E. Lee from ordering it. However, Lee was determined to attack, and he overruled Longstreet's objections.

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The Treaty of Greenville played a crucial role in shaping the relationship between Native American tribes and the United States. It expanded American territory, established peace, and set the stage for future land transactions.

The Treaty of Greenville was a significant event in American history that took place in 1795. It marked the end of the Northwest Indian War and established peace between the United States and several Native American tribes, including the Shawnee, Delaware, Miami, and Wyandot.

Here's why the Treaty of Greenville is significant:

1. Territory: The treaty defined the boundaries of Native American lands and ceded a large portion of present-day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin to the United States. This land became available for American settlement and expansion.

2. Peace and Stability: The treaty brought an end to hostilities between the Native American tribes and the United States, leading to a period of peace and stability in the Northwest Territory. This allowed for the development and growth of settlements in the region.

3. Land Purchases: The treaty established a precedent for the United States to negotiate land purchases with Native American tribes. It set the stage for future treaties and land transactions, shaping the expansion of the United States westward.

4. Native American Sovereignty: While the treaty resulted in the cession of land, it also recognized the sovereignty of the Native American tribes involved. They retained the rights to hunt and fish on the land they still occupied and were granted annuity payments as compensation for the land ceded.

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Thomas Malthus’s ideas influenced public policy (such as reforms of the English Poor Laws) and the work of economists, demographers, and evolutionary biologists, notably Charles Darwin.

The war had significant impacts on America. It transformed America socially, economically, and politically. These changes included the emergence of the US as a global power, increased economic growth, technological advancement, and the creation of new industries.

The war provided a boost to the US economy. It led to increased production of war-related goods and services, which generated employment and increased wages for Americans. Additionally, the war stimulated technological advancement, particularly in the aviation and defense industries. The war also helped to promote social change. Women and minorities were given employment opportunities they would not have had during peacetime. African American soldiers also helped to advance the civil rights movement. Politically, the war changed America's role in the world. The US emerged as a global power, with its influence felt beyond its borders.

The inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy during a fiscal year can be defined as economic growth. The real and nominal gross domestic product growth rate is typically used by statisticians to gauge such growth.

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The narrator in question describes his feeling of uncertainty in his mind as a lingering sense of doubt and hesitancy. He grapples with an underlying unease, unsure of his own convictions and beliefs. This uncertainty manifests itself as a constant questioning of his thoughts and emotions, creating a state of inner turmoil. The narrator's mind is filled with conflicting ideas and perspectives, leaving him feeling unsettled and unsure of how to navigate the complexities of his own thoughts.

In an attempt to test his feelings of uncertainty, one day during his meditation on this subject, the narrator engages in a specific action. This action involves introspection and deep reflection. He delves into the depths of his mind, searching for clarity and understanding. Through this process, he seeks to gain insight into his own thoughts and emotions, hoping to find a solid foundation upon which to build his convictions.

The narrator's sense of uncertainty reflects the human condition of grappling with existential questions and the inherent ambiguity of life. This state of mind is relatable to many individuals who have experienced moments of doubt and internal conflict.

The action of introspection and deep reflection is a common method used to examine one's thoughts and emotions. By delving into the recesses of the mind, individuals aim to gain a better understanding of themselves and the world around them. It is through this process of self-discovery that the narrator hopes to find solace and clarity amidst his uncertainty.

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Abstract

Political scientists have conventionally assumed that achieving democracy is a one-way ratchet. Only very recently has the question of “democratic backsliding” attracted any research attention. We argue that democratic instability is best understood with tools from complexity science. The explanatory power of complexity science arises from several features of complex systems. Their relevance in the context of democracy is discussed. Several policy recommendations are offered to help (re)stabilize current systems of representative democracy.

Introduction

The Economist recently identified 80 countries whose democracy score declined during the last decade, including the USA and some consolidated European democracies (The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2017). While the question of how democracies arise and how such rise can be facilitated has received much research attention, little is known as yet about how democracies destabilize.Footnote1 The conventional assumption amongst political scientists was that achieving democracy is a one-way ratchet. Only very recently has the question of “democratic backsliding” attracted any research attention (Waldner and Lust, 2018). We argue that insights from complexity science can facilitate the study of democratic processes and institutions and the design of stabilizing policies. The cross-disciplinary approach to political science that we advocate here rests on mathematical models of human societies, built with tools from statistical physics, dynamical systems, complex networks, and game theory (Wiesner et al., 2018). These tools allow scientists to focus on the salient features of the complex system at hand.