The entropy change for a real, irreversible process is equal to:______.
a. the entropy change for a theoretical reversible process with the same initial and final states.
b. equal to the entropy change for the same process performed reversibly ONLY if the process can be reversed at all.
c. zero.
d. impossible to tell.

Answer:

The number of moles of water in 100 g of vinegar is 0.47 moles.

Explanation:

Answer:

70 180 000 kg

Explanation:

We can solve this problem by multiplying the amount of garbage each Canadian throws out each day (2.2 kg) by the number of Canadians:

Thus according to this problem, all Canadians throw out 70 180 000 kg of garbage each day.

Answer:

Eventually, these individual laws were combined into a single equation—the ideal gas ... We find that temperature and pressure are linearly related, and if the ... then P and T are directly proportional (again, when volume and moles of gas are ... of the variables, and they are more difficult to use in fitting theoretical equations ...

Explanation:

Answer:

gold and platinum

Explanation:

Very unreactive metals, such as gold and platinum, are found in the Earth's crust as pure metals. These are called native metals.

Answer:

shorter than

equal to

Explanation:

Let us go back to the Einstein photoelectric equation;

KE = E - Wo

Where

KE = kinetic energy of the photoelectron

E = energy of the incident photon

Wo = work function of the metal

But KE = 1/2mv^2

Thus the velocity of the emitted photoelectron  is determined by the kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectron.

Since the work function of metal A is smaller than that of metal B, the kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from metal A is greater than that of photoelectrons emitted from metal B . Therefore, the velocity of electrons from metal A is greater than those from metal B.

From de Broglie relation;

λ = h/mv

Where;

λ = de Broglie wavelength

h = Plank's constant

m = mass

v = velocity

Metal A producing electrons with greater velocity will lead to a shorter de Broglie wavelength compared to those from metal B.

The number of photoelectrons ejected is determined by the intensity of the photons and not the energy of the incident photons or the work function of the metals. Since the two metals are exposed to the the same laser, equal number of photoelectrons are produced for metals A and B.

Answer:

D. Quaternary

Explanation:

I'm going to attach a picture that can help you understand how amines are classified!

I'll explain how amines are classified below. You can skip it if you feel that you already understand that!

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So we know that amines are composed of nitrogen, at least one R group, and hydrogens. The way that we categorize amines as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quarternary is by counting the number of R groups.

Now, how do we identify the R groups?

Well, basically anything that isn't a hydrogen. You will see that the nitrogen in an amine standardly only makes 3 bonds. If all those three bonds are with a hydrogen, then it will be ammonia. If it is a primary amine, then one of those hydrogens will be replaced with another compound (like [tex]CH_{3}[/tex] in this case). This other compound is called an R group. R groups will change based on the amine. A secondary amine will have two hydrogens replaced with groups. A tertiary amine will have all three hydrogens replaced with R groups.

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Now, by this logic, we can just count the number of R groups in [tex](CH_{3} )_{4} N^{+}[/tex] and we should get our answer! We don't see any hydrogens. That means we can immediately rule out both A. and B.

Well, let's see. It looks like [tex]CH_{3}[/tex] is our R group. The subscript for it is also 4.

But we've used up our 3 bond spots, how is a quaternary amine possible? And that is why you see that your nitrogen has a positive charge in [tex](CH_{3} )_{4} N^{+}[/tex]. Since the nitrogen is bonded with more groups than it usually does, the electrons of nitrogen and therefore the electrical charge will be shared between more compounds and elements, leading to less charge for the nitrogen. This will cause it to have a positive charge. Making your amine an ion will allow for 4 bonds.

That is why even though nitrogen usually only has 3 bonds, we can still classify [tex](CH_{3} )_{4} N^{+}[/tex] as a quaternary amine.

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The last part got a little lengthy, but I hope I was able to explain this question in-depth! If you had any trouble understanding what I wrote, feel free to leave a comment. I will reply as soon as possible!

Natural vegetative propagation uses bulbils, aerial shoots, roots, underground stems, and subaerial stems. Utilizing unique vegetative components, artificial vegetative propagation is accomplished.

The production and growth of a new plant through asexual means or from a plant fragment is known as vegetative propagation. There is no gamete production or fertilization throughout the process of propagation.

In this procedure, tubers—modified roots—grow into new plants. In some plant species, adventitious buds even grow on the roots. If the correct circumstances are present, these buds develop into new plants or sprouts. Sweet potato and dahlia are two examples.

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Answer:

Dithiosulfatosilver

Explanation:

The nucleus becomes unstable when a freely moving neutron is introduced to a nuclear fuel.

This is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei.

This reaction produces more neutrons and the nucleus becomes unstable when a freely moving neutron is introduced to a nuclear fuel to form fission fragments.

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Answer:

I think you should, after you complete it and turn it in then you have nothing else to worry about! Get it out the way and do it :)

Answer:

Heres my advice. Dont wait exactly until the deadline.

Explanation:

If its the last assignment, be lazy. do what you want! but, if you only have a week to turn it in then do it on the 4th day then turn it in.

Quantum number of the 3p¹ electron in aluminum is n=3.

Quantum numbers in quantum physics and chemistry explain the values of conserved quantities in a quantum system's dynamics. Quantum numbers are quantities that can be precisely known at the same time as the system's energy and are related to the eigenvalues of operators that commute with the Hamiltonian and their corresponding eigenspaces. A base state of a quantum system is fully described by the specification of all of its quantum numbers, which can theoretically be measured collectively.

The quantization of numerous interesting observable quantities is a crucial component of quantum physics.

This specifically results in quantum numbers, though they may occasionally reach infinity, that take values in discrete sets of integers or half-integers. This sets quantum mechanics apart from conventional mechanics.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

A physical change is one in which no new substance is formed. The moistening of food by saliva is purely a physical change because no new substance is formed in the process.

A chemical change leads to the formation of a new substance. The action of the enzyme converts starch into sugar which means that a new substance is formed. This is a chemical change.

1.4 x 1023 molecules are present in 2.3 moles of oxygen.

We know that if we multiply the 2.3 moles of oxygen with Avogadro's number which is 6.023 x 1023 then this will give us the number of molecules which is present in the 2.3 moles of oxygen and which is 13.85 x 1023.

Mole is a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small entities like atoms, molecules, or other specific particles. The mole entitles an extremely large number of units about 6.02214076 × 1023.

So we can conclude that by multiplying Avogadro's number with the 2.3 moles of oxygen then it will give us 1.4 x 1023 molecules.

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Answer:

1.08 grams

Explanation:

first, we need to find the number of moles

we divide 12.1/22.4=0.54 moles

we multiply the number of moles with the molecular mass 0.54x2=1.08g

The mass of the helium will be 0.296 g He.

The quantity of matter in a thing is measured by its mass. Grams (g) or kilograms (kg) are the most common units of mass measurement (kg).The quantity of matter is measured in terms of mass, regardless of where it is in the universe or the gravitational force acting on it.

Calculation of mass of helium:

It is given that, atom of He = 4.50 X [tex]10^{22}[/tex] , mass of He = 4 g.

4.50 X [tex]10^{22}[/tex] atoms He × 1 mole He / 6.02 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atom He = 0.0914 mol He.

Now, apply the conversion formula:

Moles He × grams He / 1 mole He = grams He.

Put the value of given data in above formula.

0.0914 mol He × 4 g / 1 mol He = 0.296 g He.

Therefore, the mass of the helium will be 0.296 g He.

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Long-term (months or years) high blood sugar levels can cause irreversible harm to organs such the kidneys, blood vessels, eyes, nerves, and nervous system. Speak with your doctor or the diabetes care team if you frequently have hyperglycemia.

If left untreated, having excessive blood sugar levels for an extended length of time might lead to major health issues. In addition to raising the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney illness, vision issues, and nerve issues, hyperglycemia can harm the blood arteries that provide blood to essential organs.

A high-fat, high-calorie, and high-cholesterol diet

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Answer:

171.34 g/mol

Explanation:

Ba molar mass = 137.328 g/mol

O molar mass = 15.999 g/mol * 2 = 31.9980 g/mol

H molar mass = 1.008 g/mol * 2 = 2.0160 g/mol

137.328 + 31.9980 + 2.0160 = 171.3420 = 171.34 g/mol

Answer:

Option A. It has stayed the same.

Explanation:

To answer the question given above, we assumed:

Initial volume (V₁) = V

Initial temperature (T₁) = T

Initial pressure (P₁) = P

From the question given above, the following data were:

Final volume (V₂) = 2V

Final temperature (T₂) = 2T

Final pressure (P₂) =?

The final pressure of the gas can be obtained as follow:

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

PV/T = P₂ × 2V / 2T

Cross multiply

P₂ × 2V × T = PV × 2T

Divide both side by 2V × T

P₂ = PV × 2T / 2V × T

P₂ = P

Thus, the final pressure is the same as the initial pressure.

Option A gives the correct answer to the question.

Answer:

reactivity, flammability, and if they rust

Answer:

Nice

Explanation:

Answer:

thanks girl

Explanation:

Answer:  I believe the answer is A - the total growth of the plants.

Explanation:  The total growth of the plants depends on the hours of sunlight.    So, this would be your dependent variable, while the hours (amount) of sunlight would be your independent variable.  

Answer:

A

Explanation:

since that's what's being measured

Answer:

the answer is C.

Explanation:

CH4 and 02

Answer:

12.5 L

Explanation:

Part 1 - Finding Number of moles

First thing we need to find out is number of moles of oxygen gas. We can achieve this using the formula: PV=nRT

Pressure (Pa) x Volume (cubic meters) = no. moles x gas constant (8.31 J/K*mol) x Temperature (K)

We can rearrange this formula to solve for no. moles:[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex] and plug in the values to solve.

1 atm = 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa, therefore 1.76atm = [tex]1.76*1.01325*10^{5} =178332Pa[/tex]

1 L = 1 x 10^-3 m^3, therefore 5L = [tex]5*1*10^{-3}=5*10^{-3}m^{3}[/tex]

Finally Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15, therefore 37.0C = [tex]37.0+273.15=310.15K[/tex]

Substituting this all back into the formula we get:

[tex]n=\frac{(178332)(5*10^{-3})}{(8.31)(310.15)}[/tex]

[tex]n=\frac{891.66}{2577.3465}[/tex]

[tex]n=0.346[/tex] moles (3.s.f)

Part 2 - Balancing Equation

The equation given is not balanced so we need to balance it to find the correct molar ratio. We can start by balancing the oxygens as there are less of them. We can see that there are 2 oxygen atoms on the left as denoted by 'O2' but only one on the right in 'H2O', therefore we can add a two in front of the H2O on the right side to balance the oxygen atoms:

[tex]H_{2(g)} +O_{2(g)} - > 2H_{2} O_{(g)}[/tex]

Now we have four hydrogens on the right side so we have a 2 in front of H2 on the left hand side to balance the hydrogens:

[tex]2H_{2(g)} +O_{2(g)} - > 2H_{2} O_{(g)}[/tex]

And voila! The equation is balanced and shows the correct molar ratio.

Part 3 - Calculating moles of water

As we can see from the molar ratio in the balanced equation, every mole of O2 will produce two moles of H2O- the ratio is 1:2. As we have an excess of hydrogen, we only need to worry about the amount of oxygen we have. Therefore to calculate the number of moles of water that can be made we simply need to multiple by the ratio:

[tex]0.346*2=0.692[/tex] moles of water

Part 4 - Converting to Liters

Finally, to convert our amount of moles into volume, we can use water's molecular mass to find the mass and then its density to find its volume. Water's molecular mass is 18.02gmol^-1 (2x1.01+16.00) and its density is 997kg/m^3.

m=nM (mass = no. moles x molecular mass): m=[tex]0.692*18.02=12.46984g[/tex]

rho = m/v (density = mass/volume): [tex]997=12.46984/v[/tex], therefore [tex]v=0.0125m^{3}[/tex]

Finally as mentioned above, 1 L = 1 x 10^-3 m^3, therefore the volume of water that can be made is 12.5 Liters.

Answer:

382.2g of H3PO4 are needed

Explanation:

Based on the reaction, 3 moles of Mg(OH)2 react with 2 moles of H3PO4.

To solve this question we must find the moles of Mg(OH)2 using Avogadro's number. Then, using the reaction we can find the moles of H3PO4 and its mass as follows:

Moles Mg(OH)2:

3.523x10²⁴ molecules * (1mol / 6.022x10²³ molecules) = 5.850 moles Mg(OH)2

Moles H3PO4:

5.850 moles Mg(OH)2 * (2 mol H3PO4 / 3 mol Mg(OH)2) = 3.90 moles H3PO4

Mass H3PO4:

Molar mass:

3H = 1.01g/mol*3 = 3.03

P = 30.97g/mol*1 = 30.97

4O = 16.00g/mol*4 = 64.00g/mol

3.03 + 30.97 + 64.00 = 98.00g/mol

3.90 moles H3PO4 * (98.00g / mol) =

Answer:

The number of ATP molecules made per NADH and FADH2 oxidation differ by 1.

The amount of ATP generated per mole of glucose when the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle would be 30 instead of 32.

Explanation:

The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle can transport cytosolic NADH equivalents into the mitochondrial matrix. In this shuttle, the protons and electrons are donated to FAD, which is reduced to FADH2. These protons and electrons are subsequently donated to coenzyme Q in the electron transport chain. Given that the number of ATP molecules made per NADH and FADH2 oxidation differ by 1, the amount of ATP generated per mole of glucose when the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle would be 30 instead of 32.

FADH2 generates 1.5 ATP per molecule unlike NADH which generates 2.5 ATP per molecule. This is because electron transfer via FADH2 is not coupled to proton pumping unlike electron transfer reactions involving NADH. Thus, two moles of NADH from the oxidation of 2 moles of glyceraldehyde-2-phosophate to two moles of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate will yield 3 moles of ATP rather than 5 moles when shuttled through the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle of cytosolic NADH shuttling occurs mainly in the brain and skeletal muscles and does not involve membrane transporters.

Answer:

Answer: The statement, gases have no defined volume but a defined mass accurately depicts the mass and volume of a gas according to the kinetic molecular theory.

Explanation:

According to the kinetic molecular theory there exists constant motion between the particles of gas and perfectly elastic collisions also exist there between these particles.

Some postulates of Kinetic molecular theory are as follows.

1). The exists constant random motion in the particles of a gas.

2). There is negligible combined volume but a definite mass.

3). There exists no force of attraction between the particles of a gas.

4). Collisions which take place are completely elastic in nature.

Thus, we can conclude that the statement, gases have no defined volume but a defined mass accurately depicts the mass and volume of a gas according to the kinetic molecular theory.

The statement that accurately depicts the mass and volume of a gas according to the kinetic molecular theory is that gases have no defined volume but a defined mass.

The kinetic molecular theory of gases states constant motion exists between the particles of gas and perfectly elastic collisions also exist there between these particles.

The postulates of the kinetic molecular theory are as follows:

Based on these postulates, it can be said that gases have no defined volume but a defined mass.

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Answer:

(A) Gamma

Explanation:

They are emitted during radioactive decay and have no mass and no electrical charge meaning no change in atomic number or mass number.

Hope it helps :)

Answer:

A. Gamma

Explanation:

Answers Via Educere/Founders Education.

Guard cells are the plant cells that are specialized to perform the gaseous exchange in the leaves. It can be best represented by the model of the water balloon.

Guard cells are the part of the plant leaves and stem that are essential for the control and exchange of the water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide molecules from the cell environment to the surroundings.

It regulates the closing and the opening of the stomata that become curved when open to make a hole in the middle. When water is present inside the cells they swell making the cell look bulgy like the water in a balloon.

Therefore, the water balloon model best explains the guard cells.

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The electronic configuration which represents a transition element is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁷

Transition elements are placed between the metallic S-block elements and nonmetallic P-block elements in the periodic table. They are D-block elements and have features similar to both metals and nonmetals, to some extent. This is why they are called transition elements.

One remarkable feature of these elements happens during the addition of electrons to them. Contrary to S and P-block elements, electrons are added to the penultimate shell, not the last shell. These elements often feature partially filled d-orbitals and have multiple oxidation states.

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