Explanation:
If we look at the definition of the second electron affinity:
The second electron affinity is the enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous 2⁻ ions is formed from one mole of gaseous 1⁻ ions
The equations of the second electron affinity for oxygen and sulfur:
O⁻ (g) + e⁻ → O²⁻ (g)
S⁻ (g) + e⁻ → S²⁻ (g)
This process is endothermic as we are trying to combine an electron with a negative ion, and so we must overcome the repulsion. Applying energy will overcome it.
The second electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an atom in the gaseous state gains an additional electron.
For both oxygen and sulfur, the second electron affinity values are unfavorable, meaning that the energy change that occurs is endothermic. This means that energy is being absorbed by the atom, and the atom is becoming more stable.
To understand why the second electron affinity values for oxygen and sulfur are unfavorable, it is important to look at the electron configurations of these atoms. Oxygen's electron configuration is 2s22p4, meaning it has 8 electrons in its outermost shell. Sulfur has an electron configuration of 2s22p63s2, meaning it has 16 electrons in its outer shell. Since both of these atoms have a full outer shell of electrons, they are not in need of an additional electron, and therefore do not have a strong tendency to gain one. As a result, it takes a lot of energy for the atom to gain an additional electron, meaning the second electron affinity value is unfavorable (endothermic).
In conclusion, the second electron affinity values for oxygen and sulfur are unfavorable (endothermic) because they already have full outer shells of electrons and do not have a strong tendency to gain an additional electron.
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“Civics”
Qualifications for Office in the House
4. Support a Point of View with Evidence of the different informal qualifications
for membership in the House mentioned in the text, which do you think are
most significant in obtaining a seat?
To support a point of view on the informal qualifications for membership in the House of Representatives, we can refer to the Constitution
How do you support the point of view?According to Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, a representative must be at least 25 years old, a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and a resident of the state they represent at the time of their election. These are the formal qualifications for membership in the House.
However, there are also informal qualifications that are not spelled out in the Constitution but are still important factors in obtaining a seat in the House.
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A rate constant obeys the Arrhenius equation, the factor A 2.2 x 1013 s and the activation energy being 150. kJ mol. What is the value of the rate constant at 227°C, in 6.7x10-22 s-1 b. 2.1x1013 -1 1.5x101 s 4.7x10-3 s1 a. C.
The rate constant at 227°C is a. 6.7 x [tex]10^{-22}[/tex].
How to find the rate constant of a reaction?The Arrhenius equation states that the rate constant (k) is equal to A × e(-Ea/RT).
Given values: A = 2.2 x 10¹³ s⁻¹, Activation energy (Ea) = 150 kJ/mol, Temperature (T) = 227°C = 500 K.
For this, we need to substitute the given values in the Arrhenius equation as
k = A × e(-Ea/RT)
k = 2.2 x 10¹³ s⁻¹ × e(-150000 J/mol / (8.31 J/mol-K × 500 K))
k = 2.2 x 10¹³ s⁻¹ × e(-30.12)
k = 6.69 x 10⁻¹² s⁻¹
Therefore, the value of the rate constant at 227°C is 6.69 x 10⁻¹² s⁻¹. Hence, option A is the correct answer.
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which of the combinations below will produce an insoluble salt? a) ba(oh)2 hcl b) mnso4 pb(no2)2 c) h2so4 albr3
The combination that will produce an insoluble salt is b) MnSO4 Pb(NO2)2.
A salt is a chemical compound made up of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) (negatively charged ions). The ions must be combined in such a way that the sum of the charges is zero. NaCl is the most well-known saltand it is made up of sodium cations (Na+) and chloride anions (Cl-).MnSO4 Pb(NO2)2 is the answer since both of these elements are soluble. MnSO4 is a soluble substance that is sometimes used in the production of ceramics.
MnSO4 is often used as a nutritional supplement for animals since it is a good source of manganese. Pb(NO2)2 is a powder that is bright yellow, it has a molar mass of 325.2 g/mol. It is made up of two NO2 anions (negatively charged ions) and one Pb2+ cation (positively charged ion).The formation of insoluble salts can occur when the cations and anions in a reaction solution bind to create a new solid. Since the newly formed solid is insoluble, it settles to the bottom of the solution and can be separated from the liquid through filtration. The insoluble salt that is formed is a white or colorless substance that appears as a powder.
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a student needs to prepare a buffer made from and with ph . if ka for is , what ratio of is required?
To prepare a buffer of a desired pH, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
where pH is the desired pH, pKa is the dissociation constant of the weak acid, [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base, and [HA] is the concentration of the weak acid.
In this case, the weak acid is , and its dissociation reaction is:
↔ +
The dissociation constant (Ka) for this reaction is given as .
To calculate the ratio to required to prepare a buffer at a desired pH, we first need to rearrange the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation as follows:
[A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH - pKa)
Substituting the values, we get:[A-]/[HA] = 10^( - ) =
Therefore, the required ratio of [A-] to [HA] is : . This means that to prepare a buffer at the desired pH, we need to mix of and of in the buffer solution.
What is a Substituting ?Substituting refers to the process of replacing one element, molecule, or group with another in a chemical reaction or a chemical compound. It is a common chemical technique used in various chemical reactions and organic synthesis. By substituting one atom or group for another, it is possible to change the properties and behavior of the molecule or compound, which can have important implications in various fields such as medicine, materials science, and industry.
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you have 5.00 l salt solution with a molarity of 2.50 mol/l. how much salt solution with a molarity of 20.0 mol/l can be added into the original solution to create a new solution with the molarity of 5.00 mol/l?
Answer : 625 mL of the salt solution with a molarity of 20.0 mol/L can be added to the original solution to create a new solution with a molarity of 5.00 mol/L.
We can use the formula for calculating the molarity of the new solution: M1V1 + M2V2 = M3V3 where, M1 is the molarity of the first solution, V1 is the volume of the first solution, M2 is the molarity of the second solution ,V2 is the volume of the second solution, M3 is the molarity of the final solution and V3 is the volume of the final solution
Now, we will plug in the given values: M1 = 2.50 mol/LV1 = 5.00 LM2 = 20.0 mol/LV2 = 5.00 mol/L, V3 = 5.00 L. We can rearrange the formula to find V2 as = (M3 V3 - M1 V1) / M2 V2 = (5.00 mol/L x 5.00 L - 2.50 mol/L x 5.00 L)/20.0 mol/LV2 = 0.625 L or 625 mL. So we require 0.625 L or 625 ml salt solution.
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how many grams each of 5% w/w indomethacin gel and white petrolatum should be mixed to obtain 60 grams of a 3% w/w mixture? g
To obtain 60 grams of a 3% w/w mixture from 5% w/w indomethacin gel and white petrolatum, you need to mix 48.6 grams of the indomethacin gel with 11.4 grams of the white petrolatum.
First, calculate the total weight of the mixture you want to make, which is 60 grams. Then, divide this total weight by the percentage of the final mixture (3%). This gives you the total weight of the individual components: 60/0.03 = 2000 grams.
Next, calculate the weight of each individual component in the final mixture. To do this, multiply the percentage of each individual component with the total weight of the mixture.
The weight of the 5% w/w indomethacin gel in the mixture will be 5/100 x 2000 = 100 grams. And the weight of the white petrolatum in the mixture will be 95/100 x 2000 = 1900 grams. Finally, subtract the weight of the indomethacin gel (100 grams) from the total weight of the mixture (60 grams) to get the weight of the white petrolatum in themixture. This gives you 11.4 grams.
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if 12.23 g of bromomethane are produced when 5.00 g of methanol is reacted with excess hbr, what is the percentage yield?
The percentage yield of bromoethane is 82.45%.
The percentage yield of a reaction can be calculated using the following formula:
Percentage Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100
For this reaction, the theoretical yield of bromomethane is calculated by multiplying the moles of methanol by the moles of bromomethane and its molar mass.
Theoretical Yield = 5.00 g/32.04 g/mol x 1mol x 95g = 14.834 g bromomethane
where 95g is the molar mass of bromomethane.
The actual yield is given as 12.23 g, so the percentage yield is calculated as:
Percentage Yield = (12.23 g/14.834 g) x 100 = 82.45%
Therefore, the percentage yield of bromoethane in the reaction is 82.45%.
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when 5 grams of a nonelectrolyte is added to 30 g of water, the new freezing point is -2.5 deg c. what is the molecular mass of the unknown compound?
The molecular mass of the unknown compound is 3.7 g/mol.
The molecular mass of the unknown compound can be calculated using the formula for freezing point depression, which is:
ΔT = Kf * m
Where Kf is the freezing point depression constant (1.86 K/m),
m is the molality of the solution (moles of solute per kilogram of solvent), and
ΔT is the difference between the freezing point of the pure solvent and the freezing point of the solution.
Plugging in the values given, we get:
-2.5 = 1.86 * m
Solving for m, we get,
m = -2.5 / 1.86
= 1.35 m
Therefore, the molecular mass of the unknown compound can be calculated by dividing the mass of the unknown compound (5 grams) by the molality of the solution (1.35 m).
This gives us a molecular mass of 3.7 g/mol.
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An acid donates a proton to form its ________ , which therefore has one less _______ , and one more _______ than its acid.
The complete statement is: An acid donates a proton to form its conjugate base, which therefore has one less proton, and one more electron than its acid.
An acid is a substance that can donate hydrogen ions (H+) or accept electron pairs, while a base is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions (H+) or donate electron pairs.
When an acid donates a proton to form its conjugate base, the acid loses one hydrogen ion (H+) and becomes a negative ion with a charge of -1. The conjugate base, on the other hand, gains one hydrogen ion (H+) and becomes a positive ion with a charge of +1.
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what is the ph of a calcium hydroxide solution obtained by dissolving 0.40 grams of calcium hydroxide in enough water to obtain 580. ml of solution?
The pH of a calcium hydroxide solution was obtained by dissolving 0.40 grams of calcium hydroxide in enough water to obtain 580. ml of solution is 11.8.
Calcium hydroxide is a strong base that is commonly used in various industries to neutralize acidic wastewater. Calcium hydroxide is commonly known as slaked lime, milk of lime, or hydrated lime. Calcium hydroxide is used in the following industries: steel, petroleum, water treatment, construction, and agriculture.
Here's how to solve the problem: First, find the number of moles of calcium hydroxide in the solution. A number of moles = (mass of solute) ÷ (molar mass)The molar mass of calcium hydroxide is 74.1 g/mol. The number of moles of calcium hydroxide = (0.40 g) ÷ (74.1 g/mol)= 0.00540 mol. Now, calculate the concentration of calcium hydroxide in the solution. Concentration (molarity) = (number of moles of solute) ÷ (volume of solution in L)The volume of the solution in liters is 580 mL or 0.580 L.Concentration (molarity) = (0.00540 mol) ÷ (0.580 L)= 0.00931 MFinally, calculate the pH of the solution using the pOH formula: pOH = -log[OH-]pOH = -log[0.00931]pOH = 2.03pH + pOH = 14pH + 2.03 = 14pH = 11.8Therefore, the pH of the calcium hydroxide solution is 11.8.
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paolo added 7.9 ml of 4.3 m naoh to 4.6 ml of 0.74 m hcl. calculate the concentration, in units of m, of excess oh- in the resulting solution.
The concentration of excess OH- in the resulting solution is 2.15 M.
To calculate this, the amounts of NaOH and HCl must be determined in moles first. For NaOH, 7.9 mL of a 4.3 M solution is equivalent to 33.87 mmol. For HCl, 4.6 mL of a 0.74 M solution is equivalent to 3.444 mmol.
Since the moles of NaOH is greater than the moles of HCl, the concentration of excess OH- is equal to the moles of NaOH divided by the total volume of the solution. Therefore, the concentration of OH- is equal to 33.87/[(7.9+4.6) mL] = 2.15 M.
To calculate the concentration of excess OH- in the solution, the amount of NaOH and HCl present must be determined in moles first. To do this, the volume and molarity of each reactant is used.
The volume of each reactant is given, as well as the molarity of each reactant. By multiplying the volume of each reactant by its molarity, the moles of each reactant is calculated.
Since the moles of NaOH is greater than the moles of HCl, the concentration of excess OH- is equal to the moles of NaOH divided by the total volume of the solution. This can then be calculated to determine the concentration of excess OH- in the solution.
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which of the following pairs of elements are likely to form an ionic compound? nickel and oxygen cesium and magnesium sodium and argon copper and iodine nitrogen and fluorine sulfur and carbon
The pair of elements that are likely to form an ionic compound are cesium and magnesium.
In an ionic compound, the elements form ions that are held together by ionic bonds.
Ionic compounds are chemical compounds that are formed between two or more elements that have significant differences in their electronegativity. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, and it is affected by the number of protons in the nucleus and the distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons.
Ionic compounds are usually made up of metals and nonmetals. In these compounds, the metal atoms lose one or more electrons to form positively charged ions known as cations. At the same time, nonmetal atoms gain one or more electrons to form negatively charged ions known as anions. The attraction between these ions leads to the formation of a crystal lattice. The strength of this attraction is known as the ionic bond.
To determine whether two elements are likely to form an ionic compound, you need to compare their electronegativity values. If the difference is large, then the compound is likely to be ionic. In general, metals have low electronegativity values, while nonmetals have high electronegativity values. Cesium has an electronegativity of 0.79, while magnesium has an electronegativity of 1.31. The difference in their electronegativity values is 0.52, which is considered significant. Therefore, cesium and magnesium are likely to form an ionic compound.
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the ksp of lead (ii) iodide is 7.1x10-9. if it is measured that the lead concentration in solution is 0.0003 m then what is the concentration of iodide in solution?
The Ksp of lead (II) iodide is 7.1x10-9. If it is measured that the lead concentration in the solution is 0.0003 M, then what is the concentration of iodide in the solution is 1.5 x 10-5 M
Given, the Ksp of lead (II) iodide is 7.1x10-9.
The concentration of lead =
Ksp expression of lead (II) iodide is given as,
PbI2 ⇌ Pb2+ + 2I–Ksp = [Pb2+] [I-]2Here, [Pb2+] = 0.0003MIodide.
concentration:
Let’s consider x as the concentration of iodide.
The equilibrium expression of the dissolution of PbI2 is,
PbI2 ⇌ Pb2+ + 2I–Initial: 0 0
Change: -x +x + 2x
At equilibrium: (0-x) (0+ x) (2x)Ksp = [Pb2+] [I-]2= (0.0003) (2x)2= 7.1x10-9x = 1.5 x 10-5 M
The concentration of iodide in solution is 1.5 x 10-5 M.
An alternate method to solve the problem is using the quadratic equation. We can solve the equation as follows,
Ksp = [Pb2+] [I-]2
= (0.0003) (2x)2
= 7.1x10-92x2
= 7.1x10-9/0.00032x2
= 79x = 1.5x10-5 M
Therefore, the iodide concentration in the solution is 1.5 x 10-5 M.
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soft drink botles are made of pet, a polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. if 2.8880g of pet is burned in oxygen it produces 1.0000 g h2o and 6.1058g co2. what is the emperical formula of pet
The empirical formula of PET is C4H6O4
PET, or polyethylene terephthalate, is a polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The empirical formula of PET can be determined by burning 2.8880g of PET in oxygen and measuring the amounts of water and carbon dioxide produced.
According to the information given, burning 2.8880g of PET in oxygen produces 1.0000g of H2O and 6.1058g of CO2. This suggests that the empirical formula of PET is C4H6O4.
To break this down further, PET is composed of four carbon atoms (C4), six hydrogen atoms (H6), and four oxygen atoms (O4).
The empirical formula is different from the molecular formula. The empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a molecule, whereas the molecular formula is the actual number of atoms in a molecule.
For example, the molecular formula for PET is C10H8O4, which is a whole-number multiple of the empirical formula.
PET is a polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The empirical formula of PET can be determined by burning 2.8880g of PET in oxygen and measuring the amounts of water and carbon dioxide produced, which suggests that the empirical formula of PET is C4H6O4.
This is different from the molecular formula, which is the actual number of atoms in the molecule.
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5. a 2.0 g sample of an unknown gas has a volume of 355 ml at 275 k and a pressure of 1520 mmhg. what is the molar mass of the unknown gas?
The molar mass of the unknown gas can be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law: PV=nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
To solve for the molar mass, we need to calculate the number of moles. We can do this by rearranging the equation: n=PV/RT.
Therefore, the number of moles is (1520 mmHg x 355 mL) / (8.314 L-atm/mol-K x 275K) = 0.02814 mol.
The molar mass is equal to the mass of the sample divided by the number of moles, so the molar mass of the unknown gas is 2.0g/0.02814mol = 70.89 g/mol.
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Match the following terms to their units. A. Atomic mass B. Molarity C. Molar mass - mol/liter amu g/mol ne relationship between the atomic mass of an element and a mole point)
The matching is like :- (A) Atomic mass - amu (atomic mass units) (B) Molarity - mol/liter (C) Molar mass - g/mol (grams per mole)
The atomic mass (in amu) is used to convert between the mass of an element and the number of moles of that element, while the molar mass (in g/mol) is used to convert between the mass of a compound and the number of moles of that compound. Molarity (in mol/L) is used to express the concentration of a solution. In chemistry, the atomic mass of an element is the mass of a single atom of that element relative to the mass of a carbon-12 atom, which is defined as exactly 12 atomic mass units (amu). The atomic mass is typically given in units of amu, and it is used to convert between the mass of an element and the number of moles of that element. Molarity is a unit of concentration that is commonly used in chemistry. It is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. The unit for molarity is mol/L, which is often abbreviated as M. Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. It is expressed in units of grams per mole (g/mol). The molar mass is used to convert between the mass of a compound and the number of moles of that compound. For example, if we know the atomic mass of an element (in amu), we can use it to calculate the molar mass of that element (in g/mol). Similarly, if we know the molarity of a solution (in mol/L) and the molar mass of the solute (in g/mol), we can calculate the mass of the solute in a given volume of the solution.
In summary, the atomic mass, molarity, and molar mass are all important concepts in chemistry that are expressed in different units. Understanding these units and how to use them is essential for many calculations in chemistry.
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is crystal violet a basic substance or an acidic substance? is congo red a basic or an acidic substance? describe how you were able to arrive at this conclusion and relate your findings to your experimental observations.
Crystal violet and Congo red are both acidic substances. This can be determined through the use of pH testing.
When a pH test is performed on a solution, a color change will occur depending on the acidity or basicity of the solution. Crystal violet and Congo red are both acids and not basic because when exposed to a base, such as sodium hydroxide, they will turn a pinkish color.
Similarly, when an acid is added to the solution, they will turn a bluish color. In an experiment, these color changes can be observed, thus helping to determine the nature of the substance.
To further prove the acidic nature of crystal violet and congo red, a titration can be conducted. A titration is a laboratory technique in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. In this experiment, a titrated solution is prepared by mixing a known quantity of crystal violet or congo red with a known quantity of a base, such as sodium hydroxide.
The solution will then be titrated against a known concentration of acid. The end point of the titration can be determined when the solution turns a pinkish color. The results of this experiment will indicate that crystal violet and congo red are both acidic substances.
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What is the temperature of helium gas confined in a two Litre flask under a pressure of 2.05 atm?
The temperature of helium gas confined in a two Litre flask under a pressure of 2.05 atm is approximately 41.11 °C.
The temperature of helium gas confined in a two Litre flask under a pressure of 2.05 atm can be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law. The Ideal Gas Law is expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is temperature.
In this case, we know that the pressure is 2.05 atm and the volume is 2 L. We also know that helium is a monoatomic gas with a molar mass of 4 g/mol. We can use the universal gas constant R = 0.0821 L atm/mol K. Plugging in these values, we get:
2.05 atm × 2 L = n × 0.0821 L atm/mol K × T
Dividing both sides by 0.0821 L atm/mol K gives:
n = (2.05 atm × 2 L) / (0.0821 L atm/mol K × T)
Simplifying, n = 50 T / R. We can now solve for T: n = 50 T / R => T = nR / 50
Substituting in the values we have:
n = (2.05 atm × 2 L) / (0.0821 L atm/mol K × 1 mol / 4 g)
= 24.88 molT = (24.88 mol × 0.0821 L atm/mol K) / 50
= 0.04111 K or 41.11 °C.
Therefore, the temperature of helium gas confined in a two Litre flask under a pressure of 2.05 atm is approximately 41.11 °C.
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How many grams of CaSO4 would be produced if 200 grams of Fe2O3 reacted
As a result, we would anticipate 487.49 grams of Calcium sulfate to result from a reaction between 200 grams of Iron and Calcium sulfate.
How many kilos does one molecule weigh?Number-wise, the mass of one mole (or formula unit) in atomic mass units is equal to the mass of one mole (or formula unit) in grams. One mole of Oxygen molecules, for instance, weighs 32.00 g and a single Oxygen molecule, 32.00 u.
We can use the following chemical equation, assuming you meant to inquire about the interaction between Iron and Calcium sulfate:
Iron + Calcium sulfate → Ferrous sulfate + Calcium
These numbers can be used to determine how many moles of iron there are in 200 grams:
200 g Iron × (1 mol Iron / 55.85 g Iron) = 3.58 mol Iron
We can infer that 3.58 moles of Calcium sulfate would be formed in this reaction because the stoichiometric ratio of Iron to Calcium sulfate is 1:1.
We can use the following equation to determine the mass of Calcium sulfate generated:
Mass of Calcium sulfate= number of moles of Calcium sulfate× molar mass of Calcium sulfate
Mass of Calcium sulfate = 3.58 mol Calcium sulfate × 136.14 g/mol
Mass of Calcium sulfate = 487.49 g
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help me pleasr!!!!((((
1) protons: 3
they're positive so they go in the middle
2) atomic mass (rounded): 7 minus the atomic number (7-4)=3 neurons
as neutrons are neither negative or positive they go in the middle as well
3) electrons: 3
the number of electrons is the same as protons so 3. they go on the outside as they are negative. Electrons never go in the center
Given this equation (linked in screenshot), which of the following is true if 4.53 moles of C6H14 completely reacts with excess oxygen?
A) 0.755 moles CO2 and 0.162 moles H2O will be formed.
B) 27.1 moles CO2 and 31.7 moles H2O will be formed.
C) 12 moles CO2 and 14 moles H2O will be formed.
D) 54.4 moles CO2 and 63.4 moles H2O will be formed.
The correct answer is option D: 54.4 moles CO₂ and 63.4 moles H₂O will be formed when 4.53 moles of C₆H₁₄ completely reacts with excess oxygen.
What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one chemical substance to another chemical. It involves breaking and forming of chemical bonds between atoms to create new molecules or compounds.
According to the balanced equation given, 2 moles of C₆H₁₄ react with 19 moles of O₂ to produce 12 moles of CO₂ and 14 moles of H₂O.
Therefore, for 4.53 moles of C₆H₁₄ , the amount of O₂ required for complete reaction would be:
(19/2) x 4.53 = 42.9 moles of O₂
Since excess oxygen is present, all the C₆H₁₄ will react, and the number of moles of CO₂ and H₂O produced will be:
CO₂ = 12 x (4.53/2) = 27.2 moles
H₂O = 14 x (4.53/2) = 31.7 moles
Therefore, the answer is D) 54.4 moles CO₂ and 63.4 moles H₂O will be formed.
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observe: use the oxygen gauge to measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen at several different times. how does the oxygen concentration change over a single day?
Answer: The oxygen concentration in water changes over a single day as a result of photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and other factors.
The oxygen gauge is used to measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water at several different times over a single day. This process is known as dissolved oxygen monitoring.
At the start of the day, the oxygen concentration is typically high due to the photosynthesis of aquatic plants. As the day progresses, the oxygen concentration will drop as a result of respiration by the aquatic organisms in the water. Additionally, sunlight can drive the rate of photosynthesis and respiration, which can cause the oxygen concentration to fluctuate over the course of the day.
By the end of the day, the oxygen concentration is usually lower than it was at the start of the day, as a result of the respiration of aquatic organisms and the decomposition of organic matter. However, in some cases, the oxygen concentration can remain high, due to the photosynthesis of aquatic plants.
It is important to note that the oxygen concentration can also be affected by temperature, light, and other factors. The oxygen concentration can vary depending on the environment, and so it is important to measure the oxygen concentration at different times to get a complete picture of the environment.
Overall, the oxygen concentration in water changes over a single day as a result of photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and other factors. Monitoring the oxygen concentration at different times can help us to understand the health of the aquatic ecosystem.
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g which reaction requires platinum as a catalyst? a. oxidation of an aldehyde or ketone b. reduction of an aldehyde or ketone c. reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with an alcohol d. all of the responses are reactions that are catalyzed by platinum.
The reaction that requires platinum as a catalyst is the B. reduction of an aldehyde or ketone.
This reaction occurs when an aldehyde or ketone is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a platinum-based catalyst. The resulting product is alcohol. This reaction is important in the production of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones from their precursors. The catalyst helps to break the chemical bonds of the molecules and increase the reaction rate.
In addition to being used for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones, platinum can also be used to catalyze the oxidation of an aldehyde or ketone. In this reaction, an aldehyde or ketone is treated with an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen or ozone, in the presence of a platinum-based catalyst. This reaction is used to produce carboxylic acids and esters. Both of these reactions require the use of a platinum-based catalyst, which helps to speed up the reaction rate.
In summary, the reaction that requires platinum as a catalyst is the reduction of an aldehyde or ketone. Platinum can also be used to catalyze the oxidation of an aldehyde or ketone. Both of these reactions are important for the production of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones from their precursors. Therefore the correct option is B
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which solution has the highest vapor pressure? 20.0 g of glucose in 100.0 ml of water 20.0 g of sucrose in 100.0 ml of water 10.0 g of potassium acetate in 100.0 ml of water
The solution that has the highest vapor pressure is the one with the lowest boiling point. The lower the boiling point, the higher the vapor pressure.
What is Vapor Pressure?Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor of a substance in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase. When the rate of evaporation and the rate of condensation is equal, equilibrium occurs. At a particular temperature, each liquid has a distinct vapor pressure that is directly proportional to its temperature. A liquid with a low boiling point has a higher vapor pressure than one with a high boiling point.
The glucose and sucrose solutions are both nonvolatile solutes, whereas potassium acetate is a volatile solute. As a result, the potassium acetate solution has a higher vapor pressure than either the glucose or sucrose solutions. The answer is option C.10.0 g of potassium acetate in 100.0 ml of water.
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. for each run, why are there two peaks of voltage? why do the two peaks point in opposite directions as the magnet falls through the solenoid? why is the second peak higher than the first peak?
Answer : The two peaks of voltage observed in each run occur because of Faraday's Law of Induction. When the magnet is dropped into the solenoid, the magnetic flux through the circuit initially increases rapidly, causing the first peak of voltage to occur. This peak is negative, because the direction of the induced current opposes the change in the magnetic flux. The second peak of voltage is higher than the first peak because the magnetic flux has to be completely reversed in order for the second peak to be produced.
Faraday's Induction Law states that the voltage induced in a circuit is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. This peak is positive, because the direction of the induced current is now in the same direction as the change in the magnetic flux.
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Help me please and thank you
Answer:
alpha particles have the least penetration power while beta particles have a moderate penetration power and gamma particles have the highest penetration power.
How many particles are in 57.23 grams of Ni3P2?
The number of particles in 57.23 grams of trinitrogen diphosphorus is 1.447 × 10²³ particles.
How to calculate number of particle?The number of particle in a substance can be calculated by multiplying the moles of the substance by Avogadro's number as follows:
no of particles = Avogadro's number × no of moles
According to this question, there are 57.23 grams of trinitrogen diphosphorus. The molar mass of the compound is 238.028g/mol.
moles = 57.23g ÷ 238.028g/mol
moles = 0.24moles
no of particles = 0.24 moles × 6.02 × 10²³
no of particles = 1.447 × 10²³ particles
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what is the major product obtained upon addition of br2 to (r)-4-tert-butylcyclohexene? question 6 options: a. (1r,2r,4r)-1,2-dibromo-4-tert-butylcyclohexane b. (1s,2r,4r)-1,2-dibromo-4-tert-butylcyclohexane c. (1s,2s,4r)-1,2-dibromo-4-tert-butylcyclohexane d. (1s,2s,4s)-1,2-dibromo-4-tert-butylcyclohexane
The major product obtained upon addition of Br2 to (R)-4-tert-butylcyclohexene is (1s, 2r, 4r)-1,2-dibromo-4-tert-butylcyclohexane.
The correct option is
b.
(1s,2r,4r)-1,2-dibromo-4-tert-butylcyclohexane.
What is an addition reaction?
An addition reaction occurs when an atom or group of atoms is added to a carbon-carbon double or triple bond to create a single bond. As a result, the double bond vanishes, and the reaction is called an addition reaction.
What is Br2?
Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and the atomic number 35.
Bromine is the only nonmetallic element that is liquid at normal room temperature and pressure, making it one of the few elements that is both a liquid and a halogen. Br2 is the chemical formula for bromine.
Addition of Br2 to (R)-4-tert-butylcyclohexene
When Br2 is added to (R)-4-tert-butylcyclohexene,
the following reaction occurs:
The major product obtained is (1s, 2r, 4r)-1,2-dibromo-4-tert-butylcyclohexane.
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the reaction of 11.9 g of chcl3 with excess chlorine produced 10.0 g of ccl4 what is the percent yield
The percent yield of the reaction is 56.0%.
The percent yield of the reaction between 11.9 g of CHCl3 with excess chlorine to produce 10.0 g of CCl4 can be calculated as follows:
Step 1: Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction CHCl3 + 3Cl2 → CCl4 + 3HCl
Step 2: Calculate the molar mass of CHCl3M(CHCl3) = 12.01 + 1 + 35.45 × 3 = 119.38 g/mol
Step 3: Determine the number of moles of CHCl3n(CHCl3) = m/M = 11.9/119.38 = 0.1 mol
Step 4: Calculate the theoretical yield of CCl4
The balanced equation shows that one mole of CHCl3 reacts with 3 moles of Cl2 to produce one mole of :
CCl4n(CCl4) = n(CHCl3) × (1 mol CCl4/1 mol CHCl3) × (3 mol Cl2/1 mol CHCl3) × (70.9 g CCl4/1 mol CCl4) = 17.87 g CCl4
Step 5: Calculate the percentage
yield% yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) × 100%
The actual yield of CCl4 is given as 10.0 g% yield = (10.0/17.87) × 100% = 56.0%
Therefore, the percent yield of the reaction is 56.0%.
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methane decomposes into two simpler substances, hydrogen and carbon. therefore, methane is a(n) .
Answer:
Methane is a compound that consists of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms per molecule. Methane decomposes into two simpler substances, hydrogen and carbon. Therefore, methane is a compound.
What is Methane?
Methane is a colorless, odorless, and flammable gas that has a molecular formula of CH4. Methane is the primary component of natural gas, which is formed from the decay of organic matter deep beneath the Earth's surface.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is more effective at trapping heat than carbon dioxide, despite the fact that it does not remain in the atmosphere for as long.
A component is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical methods. Elements and compounds are the two types of components.
Elements are the simplest forms of matter and cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. On the other hand, compounds are made up of two or more elements in definite proportions and can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
Thus, methane is a compound.
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