The structures of the amino acids serine, proline, and glycine are shown:

The first diagram is of the amino acid serine. Serine is composed of a two carbon backbone. The first carbon is bound one amino group, one hydrogen atom, and one carboxyl group. The other carbon is bound to two hydrogen atoms and one hydroxyl group. The second diagram is of the amino acid proline. Proline is composed of a ring. The ring is made up of four carbons and one nitrogen. Three of the carbons are bound to two hydrogen atoms. The nitrogen is bound to one hydrogen atom. The final carbon is bound to one hydrogen atom and one carboxyl group. The third diagram is of the amino acid glycine. Glycine is composed of a carbon bound to two hydrogen atoms, one carboxyl group, and one amino group.

The secondary structure of a protein consists of a single long beta sheet. The outer edges of the beta sheet are composed of serine and proline amino acids.



Explain how the structure of amino acids determine the function.
A mutation occurred in DNA of a globular enzyme. If the serine amino acids were found within the active site of the enzyme, describe the effect this change is likely to have on enzymatic function.
If a mutation in the DNA of a globular enzyme changed all of the serine and proline amino acids to glycine, predict how the relative position of the amino acid on the secondary structure of the beta sheet would be affected when the protein is placed in an aqueous solution.
Justify your prediction by providing evidence that supports your claim.

Part (a)

Enter the data into your calculator or a spreadsheet. Then perform an exponential regression to find the curve of best fit. This is the closest exponential function we can assign to each population, to measure it's approximate growth.

Let functions f, g and h represent group 1 through 3 in that exact order. You should get these approximate functions:

Note: Group 3 doesn't have its population start until 1995, which is 10 years after 1985. This means h(x) only works when [tex]x \ge 10[/tex] or it's meaningless otherwise.

Each function found is of the form y = a*b^x, where 'a' is the initial population (at time x = 0) and b helps determine the growth rate. We set b equal to 1+r and solve for r to get the growth rate.

For f(x), we have b = 0.92755 approximately. Set that equal to 1+r and solve for r

1+r = 0.92755

r = 0.92755-1

r = -0.07245

The negative growth rate indicates we have population decline. Specifically, the rate of decline is about 7.245%

Repeat those steps for the b value of g(x) and you should find that r = 0.00295 meaning we have roughly a 0.295% increase for Mussel group 2.

Group 3 has a growth rate of about 42.775% due to r = 0.42775 in this case. The steps will be the same as for group 1.

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Part (b)

The graph is shown below as an image attachment. I used GeoGebra to make the graph, and to also find the exponential regression equations.

We have x as the number of years since 1985, which is the starting point, and y is the population size. Something like (0,4800) means in the year 1985, the population is 4800 mussels (see group 1).

Keep in mind that the green curve for h(x) doesn't make sense for positive x values smaller than 10, due to the fact that the third group wasn't introduced until 10 years after the starting point of 1985.

Also, be sure not to think that the blue g(x) curve is linear. It looks like a flat line, but it's really a very stretched out curve. This is because the growth rate is very small.

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Part (c)

It appears that group 3 has caused group 1's population to decline, due to the red points (see part b) going downhill as we move from left to right. This drop-off occurs at around the time group 3 is introduced. Strangely, only group 1 is affected while group 2's population is still increasing. This increase is not much, but it's still a positive growth rate. So it's fairly likely that there are other confounding variables to consider, and it's not entirely group 3 that's causing the trouble.

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Part (d)

There are many ways that people impact their environment, whether it's a positive or negative impact. When regarding this topic of marine life, specifically mussels, one way that humans affect the population is what was mentioned earlier: The fact that the third group of mussels was introduced to the habitat. Often, though not always, if you introduce a new species to some environment, then the species of animals already living there may have a hard time coping with the newcomer. The new species would be referred to as "an invasive species". The invasive species is more aggressive at getting food to crowd out the older species that isn't used to the newcomer. This may explain why Mussel group 1 experiences a decline after 1995 when group 3 is introduced. This decline is fairly significant as the graph in part (b) shows.  Group 2 doesn't seem to be affected at all since it's growth rate is fairly flat yet steadily increasing even if done slowly. It's possible that group 2 is simply more adapted to deal with competition better than group 1.

Another way humans impact the environment is through pollution. Air pollution may contribute to acid rainfall that would lead to the ocean. There's also chemical pollution such as flushing harmful chemicals down the drain, which also leads to the ocean. This could apply to the average consumer, or to very big industrial companies. For instance, in the news recently in Florida, there was a very big worry that a holding pond could contribute to a spike in algae growth. While algae are beneficial, there are some species that invade more than their fair share of resources and kill off anything else more or less. This is one example where pollution contributes to harmful consequences to unfortunate species who likely die off. On top of pollution, there's general habitat loss that also may explain why group 1 is experiencing a sharp decline (however it wouldn't explain why groups 2 and 3 are growing).

Answer:

a. current

Explanation:

hope it helps!

:3

Answer:

d) buoyancy

Explanation:

Buoyancy can be defined as an upward force which is created by the water displaced by an object.

According to Archimede's principle, it is directly proportional to the amount (weight) of water that is being displaced by an object.

Thus, the greater the amount of water an object displaces; the greater is the force of buoyancy pushing the object up.

The buoyancy of an object is given by the formula;

[tex] Fb = pgV [/tex]

[tex] But, \; V = Ah [/tex]

[tex] Hence, \; Fb = pgAh [/tex]

Where;

Fb = buoyant force of a liquid acting on an object.

g = acceleration due to gravity.

p = density of the liquid.

v = volume of the liquid displaced.

h = height of liquid (water) displaced by an object.

A = surface area of the floating object.

The unit of measurement for buoyancy is Newton (N).

Additionally, the density of a fluid is directly proportional to the buoyant force acting on it i.e as the density of a liquid decreases, buoyancy decreases and vice-versa.

Boats are able to stay afloat because of the force caused by buoyancy. This simply means that, a boat is able to float because the volume of water it displaces weigh more than its own weight. Thus, if a boat or any physical object weighs more than the volume of water it displaces, it would sink; otherwise, it floats.

The two main types of mutations are, 1.Gametes include germline alterations. 2. Somatic mutations happen in the body's other cells.

These mutations are particularly important since they can be passed down to kids, who will all have the mutation in every cell environmental elements and utterly arbitrary causes Mutations can also be brought on by outside factors like specific chemicals or extreme radiation. Let's learn about many mutations and their sorts now that we are familiar with the definition of mutation and its causes.

Based on the base pair substitution, there are two types of point mutation. It is a point mutation that results from the replacement of one purine or one pyrimidine with another. It is a point mutation that happens when pyrimidine is substituted for purine and vice versa. There are three types of point mutations based on transcriptional characteristics.

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Answer:

This is a plasmatic membrane (cell membrane) that bounds a cell.

Answer: a very thin membrane, composed of lipids and protein, that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Explanation:

Answer: false

Explanation:

Answer: C-the mouth and anus form the ends of the inner tube.

Explanation:

Answer:

El fotoperiodo es el fenómeno por el cual las plantas regulan procesos fisiológicos y/o desarrollo de acuerdo a la cantidad de horas luz diarias

Los ritmos circadianos refieren regulación de las funciones vegetales de acuerdo a un reloj interno configurado por la actividad biológica del organismo dentro de un período de 24 horas  

Explanation:

El fotoperiodo vegetal refiere a la regulación de los procesos fisiológicos en función de las horas de luz diarias. Por citar un ejemplo, el trigo posee mecanismos fisiológicos los cuales especifican cuando la inflorescencia o espiga debe emerger en función del fotoperiodo, es decir, de la cantidad de horas luz diarias. Por otra parte, un ritmo circadiano es un reloj biológico que marca el ritmo en el cual se desempeñan las funciones biológicas del organismo dentro de un período de 24 horas. En ausencia de estímulos ambientales, las células poseen un reloj biológico/circadiano el cual especifica que actividades metabólicas debe desarrollar en un periodo de 24 horas. Los ritmos circadianos se encuentran en todos los organismos vivos, desde procariotas (por ej., bacterias) hasta eucariotas (por ej., plantas y animales). Por ejemplo, en vegetales, el ritmo circadiano controla la velocidad de la división celular y el crecimiento celular en función de la hora del día (ciclos diurno y nocturno).

Answer:

Physical.

Explanation:

These scientists group the found fossil with birds on the basis of physical structures because first the scientists relate the fossil to the feathers of the bird and later the scientists relate it to the bone structure to determine the resemblance between the birds and the fossil of an obscure group of small dinosaurs so we can conclude that the scientists observe the found fossil on the basis of physiological characteristics of that fossil.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

it would cause harm to the bay. therefore NOT protecting it

Answer:

the disintegrated rock material usually unconsolidated and unchanged or only slightly changed that underlies and generally gives rise to the true soil by the natural process of soil development. — called also source material.

Explanation:

Answer:

Both ammonia and chlorine are soluble in water and hence, would dissolve in water if substance X is water and could not be collected. Ammonia gas would react with concentrated sulphuric acid to produce a salt and as ammonia is less dense than air, it should not be collected via a downwards delivery method.

Answer:

carbon dioxide and water.

Answer: carbon dioxide and water

Explanation: It is generally known that when carbon containing compounds burn in air CO2 and H2O are produced

Mendel's research led to the discovery of the inheritance laws that are now referred to as Mendel's laws of inheritance. In order to conduct his tests, he true-bred pea plants for particular traits like seed color and seed shape.

Then he crossed these plants, watching the traits of the progeny. Mendel's investigations led him to the conclusion that discrete "factors" (now known as genes) transferred from parent to child are what determine inheritance. For each attribute, each parent passes down one gene (allele) to their kids.

When the alleles of a trait are different, one allele will be dominant and the other will be recessive. The dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype, while the recessive allele will not be.

The probability of an offspring inheriting a specific allele from a parent is 50%. Mendel's laws of inheritance laid the foundation for the field of genetics and provided a framework for understanding how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.

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The correct answer is B. Possible side effects of a new medical treatment or product.

Explanation

A side effect is a concept that refers to the effect that a drug or treatment produces on the patient. Generally, when a drug is produced, a clinical trial is necessary to prove its effectiveness. This requires the participation of several volunteers who will test the drug and verify its effectiveness. However, these clinical trials have risks for volunteers since they can bring them negative effects because they are going to test drugs that have never been used before, so they must give their consent through a document called "informed consent. "where the volunteer is informed about the possible risks that the clinical study may have on him and if he is willing to undergo the test. Therefore, one of the main topics discussed during an informed consent is the possible side effects that the clinical study can bring to inform the volunteer of these conditions and confirm that he agrees with them. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Possible side effects of a new medical treatment or product

your answer is B my guy

Antibiotic resistance genes are frequently found in plasmid vectors and can be used to test for recombinants.

Plasmids have been utilized by researchers as tools for the replication, transfer, and alteration of genes. Since they have been utilized in research, these plasmids are referred to as vectors. Recombinant plasmids can be made by changing plasmid carriers to include DNA snippets or genes.

One that is employed most frequently is the lambda microorganism. Since the virus does not need to replicate in Escherichia coli, the core region of the beta genome could be removed with the aid of a suitable restriction enzyme and replaced with donor DNA inserts.

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Answer:

Behavioral isolation

Explanation:

Temporal isolation prevents different species from breeding with each other due to different mating times.

Geographic isolation is when a physical/geographical barrier prevents species from breeding with each other.

Reduced hybrid viability is when offspring from the result of two different species mating has a lower chance of survival.

Behavioral isolation is when different species experience reproductive isolation due to differences in mating rituals and/or signals.

Behavioral isolation makes the most sense here.

A change in your cat's coat color may indicate a skin infection or allergy. It's not a skin problem that causes the coat to change, but it's because cats wash themselves more often than usual.

Illness and stress, especially if chronic or prolonged, can affect the appearance of a cat's coat, especially its shine and texture, and many cats shed excessive coat when stressed.

Sunlight can also change the color of your cat's fur, which will wash it out and make it less tonal. As they age, black cats can become grayish and orange cats can become yellowish. Outdoor cats may get more sunlight, but even indoor cats need sunlight.

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Answer:

DNA has double helical structure in which the two strands run antiparallel and are connected through complementary base pair

Explanation:

Some of the physical properties of DNA are

a) It comprises of two strands that attaches with each other in a spiral helical manner thereby giving it a double-stranded helical structure

b) The two strand join each other through complementary base pairing in which A pairs with T and C pairs with G.

c) There is a phosphate group at 5' end and a hydroxyl group at 3' end.

d) Strands are antiparallel as one of the strand run in 5′to 3′direction and the other runs in a 3′ to 5′ direction.

The chemical (ethyl mercaptan) added to the otherwise odourless LPG cooking gas for imparting a detectable smell to the gas is a compound of sulfur. The correct option is D.

Propane, propylene, butylene, isobutane, and n-butane are only a few of the volatile hydrocarbon gases found in liquefied petroleum gas, which is a fuel gas.

LPG is a fuel gas used in cars, cooking appliances, and heating appliances. LPG exists inside the cylinder as both a liquid and a vapour (gas).

In order to give the normally odourless LPG cooking gas a noticeable smell, a chemical called ethyl mercaptan is added that is a compound of sulfur.

Thus, the correct option is D.

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Chlorophyll, which is the pigment primarily responsible for the green color of leaves, absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and red parts of the spectrum.

Chlorophyll absorbs light in the blue and red regions of the spectrum because these are the wavelengths of light that are most useful for photosynthesis. The chlorophyll reflects green light, which is why leaves appear green. Other pigments such as carotenoids and anthocyanins, which give the leaves yellow, orange, and red colors respectively, also reflect certain colors and absorb other colors. In general, a leaf that appears darker in color will absorb more light than a leaf that appears lighter in color, because a darker leaf has more pigments that can absorb light. However, it is important to note that a leaf's color is not the only factor that determines how much light it can absorb. The thickness of the leaf, the angle of the light, and the presence of other substances on the leaf surface can also affect how much light the leaf can absorb.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:  B) the Genotypes are XX and Xx C) There is a 50 percent chance of their kids having hemophilia. I'm not 100% sure if the kid would be male or female for C

Explanation:

At the conclusion of the calvin cycle, the ATP and NADPH molecules still contain the energy that was initially derived from light.

Adenosine triphosphate provides the energy that cells use and store. The nucleoside triphosphate structure of ATP is composed of the nitrogenous base ribose sugar, which also comprises an adenine base. ATP plays a crucial role in the entry and exit of macromolecules like proteins and lipids from the cell. Effective transportation mechanisms that are propelled by the energy generated during ATP hydrolysis move these particles through a concentration gradient.

As a result, the light-derived energy is still present in the ATP and NADPH molecules at the end of the calvin cycle.

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Answer:

Hey mate....

Explanation:

This is ur answer.....

Darwin and a scientific contemporary of his, Alfred Russel Wallace, proposed that evolution occurs because of a phenomenon called natural selection. In the theory of natural selection, organisms produce more offspring than are able to survive in their environment.

Hope it helps!

Brainliest pls.....

Follow me! :)

Answer:

A. True

Explanation:

Yeah, Charles Darwin introduced the theory of natural selection as the mechanism for evolution.

A high concentration of bicoid protein at the opposite ends of a developing Drosophila embryo would result in the development of a Two headed fly.

In Drosophila, anterior development is entirely dependent on bicoids (Bcd). Consequently, in the absence of maternally deposited BCD, the head and thoracic regions are replaced by posterior structures. The bcd is located at the front of the egg by the 3'UTR. If her Bicoid protein is expressed in

Drosophila, the embryo is still in a syncytial state (intercellular division is not fully developed). Embryos lacking maternally expressed bicoids do not develop the anterior region, including the head and thorax.

Bicoid mRNA is actively localized along microtubules to the front of the Drosophila egg by the motor protein dynein during oogenesis, where it is anchored by association with cortical actin.

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BB is a dominant purebred condition in which only one character or trait is expressed, such as if it is for black, then only black will be expressed as there are two alleles present and both are similar.

The term "purebred trait" refers to the presence of two dominant or two recessive alleles in genotypes such as BB and TT, and the parents with purebred traits inherit the gametes with a single type gene and no chance of variation is here.

Hence, BB is a dominant purebred condition in which only one character or trait is expressed, such as if it is for black, then only black will be expressed as there are two alleles present and both are similar.

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DNA is responsible for carrying the genetic information of living organisms. These nucleic acids come in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two strands of polynucleotides twisted together to form a double helix and is the genetic component of the development, function, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.

The function of DNA is to store all the genetic information that an organism needs to develop, function and reproduce.

All cells contain complete genes, but cells in different tissues and organs look and behave differently. This is because only a portion of each cell's DNA is used to make proteins.

The four roles played by DNA are replication, information encoding, mutation/recombination, and gene expression.

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The biologist could use a process that separates by mass to divide a mixture of oligonucleotides and polynucleotides.

Short single strands of synthetic DNA or RNA called oligonucleotides, or oligos, are the basis for many molecular biology and synthetic biology applications. An oligo might be the starting point for anything from genetic testing to forensic analysis and next-generation sequencing. Through a number of techniques, including as RNA interference (RNAi), target degradation by RNase H-mediated cleavage, splicing modification, non-coding RNA inhibition, gene activation, and programmed gene editing, oligonucleotides can be used to modify the expression of certain genes. A polynucleotide is made up of several nucleotide monomers joined together by covalent bonds. A single polynucleotide molecule is made up of at least 14 nucleotide monomers arranged in a chain. Polynucleotides include ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

DNA is a polynucleotide chain with two strands.  

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Scientific studies have proved that properly placed dental sealants are highly effective in protecting the development of cavities in sealed tooth surfaces.

A dental sealant is a thin plastic coating that is applied to the chewing surface of molars, premolars, and any deep grooves (called pits and fissures) of teeth. The sealant acts as a barrier, protecting the teeth from decay-causing bacteria.

The process of applying dental sealants is simple and painless. The tooth surface is first cleaned, and then the sealant is applied. The sealant hardens and bonds directly to the enamel of the tooth, creating a protective shield. This shield acts like a wall, preventing tooth decay-causing bacteria from entering the deep grooves of the teeth.

Studies have shown that dental sealants reduce the risk of cavities by 82 percent in sealed tooth surfaces. This is due to the fact that the sealant prevents bacteria from entering the deep grooves of the teeth and attacking the enamel. The sealant also helps prevent food particles from becoming trapped in the grooves, which further reduces the risk of tooth decay.

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