What is the best way to measure the pH of a natural solution while out in a forest?

If the pressure, volume, and the number of moles of a gas are known, the temperature of the gas is needed to calculate the universal gas constant from the ideal gas law.

The synthesis of the following four rules led to the ideal gas law:

1) Boyle's Law: According to this rule, pressure is inversely related to a gas's volume and molecular weight at constant temperature.

P ∝ [tex]\frac{1}{V}[/tex] (At a certain temperature and molecular count)

2) Charles' Law: According to this rule, the volume of a gas with constant pressure and moles is precisely proportionate to its temperature.

V ∝ T (With the same pressure and mole count)

3) According to Gay-Lussac's third law, pressure is directly proportional to the gas's temperature for a gas with a fixed volume and number of moles.

P ∝ T (At constant volume and mole-count)

4) According to Avogadro's Law, at constant pressure and temperature, the volume of a gas is directly proportionate to its molecular weigh

V ∝ n (With respect to constant pressure and temperature)

Ideal gas Equation :

PV = nRT

where,

P stands for gas pressure.

Gas temperature is denoted by T.

The amount of gas molecules is N.

N is the number of gas moles.

R is the gas constant

So, in order to compute the gas constant, we must first know the gas's temperature.

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Answer:

The atomic size decreases with an increase in atomic number when we move from left to right.

Explanation: Hope it helps you:))))))

                      Have a great day.

Answer:

It doesn't look like there is any oxidation going on to me.

Explanation:

Oxidation: loss of electrons, Reduction: gain of electrons

in NH3, the charges are (-3 +3)=0. in NH4OH, the charge is (-3 +4 -2 +1)=0

Unless I'm wrong (which is def possible), N keeps a -3 charge, H is always +1, O is always -2, and both sides of the equation are neutral over all.

To make advances in the way skin cancer patients are treated, a scientist should first conduct thorough research and gather relevant information.

Review existing literature: The scientist should study the current scientific literature on skin cancer treatment, including the latest research, clinical trials, and treatment options. This will provide a foundation of knowledge and help identify gaps or areas that need improvement.

Understand the current challenges: It is important for the scientist to have a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by skin cancer patients and healthcare providers in existing treatment methods. This can involve analyzing the limitations of current therapies, side effects, recurrence rates, and patient outcomes.

Identify unmet needs: Through research and engagement with dermatologists, oncologists, and patients, the scientist should identify specific unmet needs in skin cancer treatment. This can include areas such as early detection methods, personalized therapies, targeted drug delivery, or improving the effectiveness of existing treatments.

Collaborate with multidisciplinary teams: Skin cancer treatment often requires collaboration between various specialists, including dermatologists, oncologists, surgeons, and researchers. The scientist should establish collaborations with experts from different disciplines to gain diverse perspectives and insights.

Conduct preclinical and clinical research: Once the specific objectives are identified, the scientist should design and conduct preclinical studies to explore potential treatment approaches. This can involve laboratory experiments, animal models, and in vitro studies.

Evaluate safety and efficacy: During clinical trials, the scientist should rigorously evaluate the safety and efficacy of the new treatment approach. This includes monitoring patient responses, side effects, and overall outcomes.

Analyze and disseminate results: The scientist should carefully analyze the data collected during the research and communicate the findings through scientific publications, conferences, and collaborations.

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Answer:

We can use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, to solve for the density at STP (standard temperature and pressure). At STP, the temperature is 273.15 K and the pressure is 1 atm. We know the molar mass of NO2 is 46.01 g/mol. We also know that 1 mole of any gas at STP occupies a volume of 22.4 L.

First, we can calculate the number of moles of NO2 at STP:

n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(22.4 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(273.15 K) = 1.00 mol

Next, we can calculate the mass of 1 mole of NO2:

46.01 g/mol

Finally, we can calculate the density of NO2 at STP:

density = mass/volume = (46.01 g/mol)/(22.4 L) = 2.054 g/L

Therefore, the density at STP of NO2 gas (molar mass = 46.01 g/mol) in grams per liter is 2.054 g/L.

Explanation:

The mass of wire that reacted to silver nitrate solution is 5.15 grams.

To calculate the mass of the wire that reacted with silver nitrate solution, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction. The reaction between copper and silver nitrate can be represented by the following equation:

Cu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

According to the equation, one mole of copper reacts with two moles of silver nitrate to form one mole of copper(II) nitrate and two moles of silver.

Given that the mass of copper before the reaction is 1.52 grams, we can calculate the molar mass of copper using its atomic mass, which is 63.55 grams/mol.

1.52 g of copper is equal to 1.52 g / 63.55 g/mol = 0.0239 moles of copper.

Since the reaction stoichiometry is 1:2 between copper and silver, the moles of copper reacting would be equal to half of the moles of silver formed.

Therefore, the moles of silver formed would be 0.0239 moles x 2 = 0.0478 moles.

To find the mass of silver, we multiply the moles of silver by its molar mass, which is 107.87 grams/mol:

Mass of silver = 0.0478 moles x 107.87 g/mol = 5.15 grams.

Hence, the mass of wire that reacted to silver nitrate solution is 5.15 grams.

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I think it is the question:

A copper wire with a mass of 1.52 grams reacted with silver nitrate solution. If the balanced chemical equation and the molar ratio between copper and silver nitrate are provided, how can you determine the mass of wire that reacted?

Compared to the freezing point and boiling point of water at 1 atmosphere, a solution of salt and water at 1 atmosphere has a option b. lower freezing point and a higher boiling point.

When a solute, such as salt, is added to water, it affects the properties of the solution, including its freezing and boiling points. Adding salt to water lowers the freezing point and raises the boiling point compared to pure water at the same pressure.

Lower Freezing Point: The presence of salt disrupts the formation of ice crystals, making it more difficult for the water molecules to arrange into a solid structure. This results in a lower freezing point for the saltwater solution compared to pure water.

Higher Boiling Point: The dissolved salt particles increase the boiling point of the solution. It requires more energy to break the intermolecular forces between the water and salt molecules, resulting in a higher boiling point for the saltwater solution compared to pure water.

Therefore, option B is correct: a solution of salt and water at 1 atmosphere has a lower freezing point and a higher boiling point compared to pure water.

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The correct answer is :

Compared to the freezing point and boiling point of water at 1 atmosphere, a solution of salt and water at 1 atmosphere has a

A. lower freezing point and a lower boiling point.

B. lower freezing point and a higher boiling point.

C. higher freezing point and a lower boiling point.

D. higher freezing point and a higher boiling point.

Answer:

1.5 moles of hydrogen will form if 3.0 mole of potassium metal reacts completely with hydrochloric acid.

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of potassium metal with hydrochloric acid is:

2K(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + H2(g)

As per the above equation, 2 moles of potassium reacts with 2 moles of hydrochloric acid to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas.

So, for 3.0 moles of potassium metal react with hydrochloric acid, we can say that it will produce 3.0/2 = 1.5 moles of hydrogen gas.

Therefore, 1.5 moles of hydrogen will form if 3.0 mole of potassium metal reacts completely with hydrochloric acid.

Answer:

When sodium hydrogen carbonate (also known as baking soda) reacts with lemon juice (which is acidic), a chemical reaction occurs. The expected observations and the explanation for each observation are as follows:

1. Effervescence (bubbling): As the lemon juice (citric acid) reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate, carbon dioxide gas is produced. This gas escapes as bubbles, leading to effervescence. The reaction can be represented as follows:

Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate + Citric Acid → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sodium Citrate

2. Release of a citric-like odor: When citric acid from the lemon juice reacts with the sodium hydrogen carbonate, it forms sodium citrate, which has a fruity odor similar to citric acid.

3. Change in color or formation of foam: Depending on the specific lemon juice used, there might be a color change or the formation of foam due to the interaction between the citric acid and the baking soda. This observation can vary depending on the concentration of the lemon juice and the amount of baking soda used.

4. No further visible change: Once the reaction is complete, there will be no other visible changes. The carbon dioxide gas produced during the reaction will dissipate into the air, and the solution will reach a new equilibrium.

Overall, the reaction between sodium hydrogen carbonate and lemon juice is an acid-base reaction, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide gas. This reaction is commonly used in baking to create a leavening effect and make baked goods rise.

Answer:

HI is the formula of hydroiodic acid

Explanation:

hope it helps you

A precipitation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a solid forms when two aqueous solutions are mixed. The correct answer is option B: [tex]K_2CO_3 + PbCl_2 \rightarrow 2KCl + PbCO_3.[/tex]

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Answer:

985.2 moles of nitrogen can produce 1970.4 moles of ammonia.

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for the production of ammonia from nitrogen is:

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia.

So, to determine how many moles of ammonia can be produced from 985.2 moles of nitrogen, we need to use the mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation as follows:

985.2 moles N2 x (2 moles NH3 / 1 mole N2) = 1970.4 moles NH3

Therefore, 985.2 moles of nitrogen can produce 1970.4 moles of ammonia.

The answer responses to  the structures shown in the diagram are:

A. chromosomes

C. They would be the same.

B. They are in pairs because each one comes from a different parent.

The chromosomes are in pairs because humans have a diploid number of chromosomes, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.

The nucleus is important in eukaryotic cells and has many important parts that help the cell work properly. There are some parts inside cells called the nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin. Chromatin is made up of DNA and other proteins.

Every part of a person's body has the same genes, but the way they are organized can be different in different types of cells. The chromosomes in our skin cells might not be the same as the chromosomes in our muscle cells, even if they come from the same person.

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Identify the structures shown.

A. chromosomes

B. mitochondria

C. nuclei

D. vacuoles

C

Describe how the structures from this cell would compare to the structures in the nucleus of another body cell from the same person.

A. There would be longer.

B. They would be shorter.

C. They would be the same.

D. They would be different.

Describe how the structures from this cell would compare to the structures in the nucleus of another body cell from the same person.

A. There would be longer.

B. They would be shorter.

C. They would be the same.

D. They would be different.

Explain why the structures are in pairs.

A. They aren't in pairs.

B. They are in pairs because each one comes from a different parent.

C. This cell is making a copy of itself.

D. The cell always has 2 copies in case 1 is damaged.

To express 102,455 m in different units: 102,455,000,000 nm, 0.102455 Mm, and 10,245,500 cm.

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The total number of reactors required for polymerization of 85% of the limiting reactant is 4.

The calculation of the total number of reactors required for polymerization of 85% of the limiting reactant for Styrene (A) and Butadiene (B) is explained below.

Given data: Volume of each reactor, V = 25 m³.

The rate equation is, -rA = kACACB ,where kA = 10⁻⁵ m³·kmol⁻¹·s⁻¹

Initial concentration of Styrene = CA0 = 0.8 kmol·m⁻³ .Initial concentration of Butadiene = CB0 = 3.6 kmol·m⁻³

Feed rate of reactants = 20 t·h⁻¹Density of reaction mixture = ρ = 870 kg·m⁻³

Molar mass of Styrene = MStyrene = 104 kg·kmol⁻¹Molar mass of Butadiene = MButadiene = 54 kg·kmol⁻¹

The limiting reactant in the polymerization is the reactant that gets consumed first. Let's assume that Butadiene is the limiting reactant since it has the lowest initial concentration.

Mass balance equation for Butadiene,

FA0 = CA0.V.QFA = ρ.V.Q.CB

Where FA0 is the initial flow rate of Styrene, Q is the total volumetric flow rate of reactants.

Since the reaction is first-order with respect to both Styrene and Butadiene,-rA = -rB = kACACBVolume of reactant fed in 1 h = Q × 3600s = 20,000 kg

For a batch of 85% limiting reactant conversion,

Total moles of Butadiene fed in 1 h, nB = CB0.V.Q × 3600 × 0.85

Moles of Styrene required to react with 85% of Butadiene, n

Styrene = nB (MButadiene/MStyrene) = 15.08 V.Qkg

Number of moles of Styrene per reactor required to reach the above requirement in 1 h,

nStyrene/reactor = nStyrene/Total Number of Reactors Total Volume of all Reactors= nStyrene/ (Total Volume of Reactors/V)

Number of Reactors required = Total Volume of Reactors / V = nStyrene / (nStyrene/reactor) = 15.08 V.Qkg / (CA0 × V × kA × CB0) ≈ 3.36 → 4Reactors Hence, the total number of reactors required for polymerization of 85% of the limiting reactant is 4.

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Raising the temperature enhances the reaction rate by increasing the kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate molecules.

An enzyme, a biological catalyst, plays a crucial role in accelerating the pace of chemical reactions. Enzymes, predominantly composed of proteins, possess remarkable specificity in the reactions they catalyze.

This specificity arises from the structural configuration of the enzyme, which complements the shape of the substrate—the specific molecule subjected to enzymatic catalysis.

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Answer:

x*10ⁿ (units)

Explanation:

Scientific notation never has leading or trailing zeros.

0.0064 would be expressed as 6.4*10³

6400 would be expressed as 6.4*10³

multiplying by 10 to an exponent just adds or subtracts zeros, so count how many zeros have to be added or subtracted, and multiply by 10ⁿ, where n is how far from the decimal point.

Glycolysis and photosynthesis are fundamental processes that are necessary for the survival of living organisms. They are similar in that they both involve the conversion of energy, but differ in the source of energy used, the location of the process, and the requirement for oxygen.

Glycolysis and photosynthesis are two necessary fundamental processes. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. The glycolysis process is necessary because it produces ATP, which is the energy required for all cellular activities.

The energy is produced by breaking down glucose into two pyruvate molecules.Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their food. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy, which is stored in glucose molecules. This process is also necessary as it provides food and oxygen for most living organisms to survive.In terms of similarities, both glycolysis and photosynthesis are processes that involve the conversion of energy.

In glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate and ATP, while in photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy. Both processes are also vital to the survival of living organisms.The primary difference between the two processes is the source of energy used. Glycolysis uses glucose as the primary energy source while photosynthesis uses light energy from the sun.

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells while photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that does not require oxygen, while photosynthesis is an aerobic process that requires oxygen and releases it as a byproduct.

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Electrolysis of nitric acid produces hydrogen gas at the cathode and nitrogen dioxide, oxygen gas, and hydrogen ions at the anode.

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Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other. This principle is one of the fundamental aspects of electrostatics. According to Coulomb's law, the force between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

As the distance between two charged particles decreases, the force between them increases. This is because the closer the particles are, the stronger the electric field they create, leading to a stronger force of interaction.

On the other hand, as the magnitude of the charges decreases, the force between the particles also decreases. This is because the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges. If one or both of the charges are smaller, the force they exert on each other will be weaker.

In summary, according to Coulomb's law, decreasing the distance between charged particles increases the force between them, while decreasing the magnitude of the charges decreases the force. This understanding of the relationship between charge, distance, and force is crucial in explaining the behavior of charged particles and the interactions between them.

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I understand that you're looking for clarification on the balanced chemical equation and the concept of impurities. Let's break it down.

1. Balanced chemical equation:

The given balanced equation is:

6Fe2+ + Cr2O72- + 14H+ → 6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

To understand why there are 6 moles of Fe2+, you need to recognize that the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent the stoichiometric ratios between reactants and products. In this redox reaction, the Fe2+ ions are being oxidized to Fe3+ ions, and the Cr2O72- ions are being reduced to Cr3+ ions. The balanced equation is derived through balancing the charges and atoms on both sides of the equation, ensuring that the number of electrons transferred in the redox process is equal.

2. Impure sample X:

The problem states that the sample X is an impure sample of FeSO4.7H2O. This means that the sample contains FeSO4.7H2O as well as other substances (impurities) which do not participate in the reaction. These impurities do not affect the stoichiometry of the reaction but may contribute to the mass of the sample. The goal of the problem is to determine the mass of FeSO4.7H2O in the sample, disregarding the impurities.

Now, let's carry out the calculations to find the mass of FeSO4.7H2O in the sample X:

1. From the balanced equation, we know that 6 moles of Fe2+ react with 1 mole of Cr2O72-.

2. Calculate the moles of Cr2O72- used in the reaction from the volume and concentration of K2Cr2O7 solution:

Moles of Cr2O72- = Volume (dm^3) × Concentration (mol/dm^3)

Moles of Cr2O72- = 0.0213 dm^3 × 0.0150 mol/dm^3 = 3.195 × 10^-4 mol

3. Calculate the moles of Fe2+ in the 25.0 cm^3 aliquot of the 250 cm^3 FeSO4 solution:

Moles of Fe2+ = 6 × Moles of Cr2O72-

Moles of Fe2+ = 6 × 3.195 × 10^-4 mol = 1.917 × 10^-3 mol

4. Calculate the moles of Fe2+ in the entire 250 cm^3 FeSO4 solution:

1.917 × 10^-3 mol (in 25.0 cm^3) × (250 cm^3 / 25.0 cm^3) = 0.01917 mol

5. Calculate the mass of FeSO4.7H2O in the sample X:

Mass = Moles × Molar mass

Mass = 0.01917 mol × (151.91 + 7 × 18.015) g/mol = 0.01917 mol × 278.015 g/mol = 5.33 g (approximately)

Thus, the mass of FeSO4.7H2O in the impure sample X is approximately 5.33 g.

Batteries have potential energy in their chemical energy stores.

The one word that completes the sentence is "chemical." Batteries store potential energy in the form of chemical energy. This means that the energy is stored within the chemical components of the battery.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Batteries are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
2. Chemical energy is the energy stored within the chemical bonds of a substance.
3. In the case of batteries, this chemical energy is stored in the chemical components of the battery, such as the electrolyte and the electrodes.
4. When a battery is connected to a circuit, a chemical reaction takes place within the battery, causing the stored chemical energy to be converted into electrical energy.
5. This electrical energy can then be used to power electronic devices or perform other tasks.
To summarize, batteries store potential energy in their chemical energy stores. This potential energy is converted into electrical energy when the battery is used.

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Answer:

matter undergoes

chemical changes such as burning and rusting.

physical changes such as evaporating and melting.

matter has

chemical properties such as reacting with oxygen and changing when heated.

physical properties such as luster and volume.

The pressure (P) of the manager's pop machine is 0.38 psi or 0.026 atm.

Given the following values:

Temperature (T) = 12 °C

Volume (V) = 450 mL = 0.45 L

Pressure (P) = UnknownTemperature (T) = 5 °C

Volume (V) = 355 mL = 0.355 L

Pressure (P) = 7 psi = 0.48 atm

To find the pressure (P) of the manager's pop machine in both psi and atm, we can use the Ideal Gas Law, which is given by: PV = nRT

Where:

P = Pressure  V = Volume  T = Temperature  n = Number of moles  R = Universal gas constant

Let's first convert the volume and temperature to SI units.

Volume (V) = 0.45 L  

Temperature (T) = 12 + 273 = 285 K

For the first condition, we have: P1V1/T1 = nR/P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 (At constant temperature and volume)

P2 = P1(V2/V1)

For the second condition, we have: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2P2 = (P1V1T2)/(V2T1)

Now, let's plug in the values.P1 = ?V1 = 0.45 LT1 = 285 KP2 = 7 psi = 0.48 atmV2 = 0.355 LT2 = 278 K (5°C + 273)

First, we'll find the pressure (P) in psi. P2 = P1(V2/V1)0.48 = P1(0.355/0.45)P1 = 0.38 psi

To convert psi to atm, we use the following conversion factor: 1 atm = 14.7 psi0.38 psi x (1 atm/14.7 psi) = 0.026 atm.

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The value of Kp for the given reaction at equilibrium is approximately 192,986.689 L atm mol⁻¹.

To calculate the equilibrium constant Kp for the given reaction, we can use the relationship between Kc and Kp, which is expressed as:

Kp = Kc * (RT)^Δn

Where:

- Kp is the equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressures.

- Kc is the equilibrium constant in terms of concentrations.

- R is the ideal gas constant (0.08206 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹).

- T is the temperature in Kelvin.

- Δn is the change in the number of moles of gas (sum of products - sum of reactants).

In this case, the reaction involves four moles of gas on the left-hand side (reactants) and five moles of gas on the right-hand side (products). Therefore, Δn = 5 - 4 = 1.

Given that Kc = 2367 at 999 K, we can substitute these values into the equation:

Kp = 2367 * (0.08206 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ * 999 K)^1

Simplifying the expression:

Kp = 2367 * (81.367 L atm mol⁻¹)

Calculating the product:

Kp ≈ 192,986.689 L atm mol⁻¹

Therefore, the value of Kp for the given reaction at equilibrium is approximately 192,986.689 L atm mol⁻¹.

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The structural formula for 6-Ethyl-4,7-dimethyl-non-1-ene can be represented as follows:

[tex]CH_{3} CH_{3} CH_{3}[/tex]

| | |

[tex]CH_{2} CH_{2} CH_{2} CH_{2} CH_{2} CH_{2} CH_{2} CH_{2} CH_{2} CH_{3}[/tex]

| | | | | | |

[tex]CH CH CH CH CH CH CH[/tex]

|

[tex]CH_{2}[/tex]

In this structural formula, the main chain contains nine carbon atoms (non-1-ene) with a double bond (ene) located at the first carbon atom. Starting from the first carbon atom, we have:

At the sixth carbon atom, there is an ethyl group (CH3CH2-), which means an ethyl group is attached to it.

At the fourth and seventh carbon atoms, there are methyl groups (CH3-), which means a methyl group is attached to each of them.

The remaining carbon atoms in the main chain have a single hydrogen atom (H) attached to them.

This structural formula represents the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the molecule and provides information about the connectivity of the atoms in the compound. It helps visualize the spatial arrangement of the atoms and functional groups, enabling a better understanding of the compound's chemical properties and reactions.

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Explanation:

Functional groups containing nitrogen are amines and amides.

The general formula for amines is:

RNH₂, where R = longer hydrocarbon chain.

The general formula for amides is:

RCONH₂, where R = longer hydrocarbon chain.

See attached diagram for general structural formula.

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