which kind of damage to dna can be caused by x-rays?

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

Alpha particles, beta particles and X-rays can directly affect a DNA molecule in one of three ways: Changing the chemical structure of the bases; Breaking the sugar-phosphate backbone; or. Breaking the hydrogen bonds connecting the base pairs.

✌️


Related Questions

how is the scientific method used in earth science (it was due yesterday)

Answers

Answer: The steps used in scientific methods are to ask a question, form a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze the results, draw conclusions, and communicate results. A controlled experiment tests only one factor at a time so that scientists can determine the effects of changes to just that one factor.

Answer:

The scientific method is the gold standard for exploring our natural world. You might have learned about it in school, but here’s a quick reminder: It’s the process that scientists use to understand everything from animal behavior to the forces that shape our planet—including climate change.


Humans can use starch as an energy source but are unable to use cellulose for energy. Which
of the following best explains the difference in how these molecules are processed in the body?
Humans can chew starch but cannot chew cellulose.
Humans dissolve starch in blood plasma but cannot dissolve cellulose
Humans make an enzyme to digest starch but cannot digest cellulose
Human muscle cells can absorb starch but cannot absorb cellulose

Answers

Answer:

human make enzymes to digest starch

reproduction in prokaryotes occurs primarily through the process known as

Answers

Reproduction in prokaryotes occurs primarily through the process known as Binary Fission.

according to the fossil record, how long ago do scientists believe life on earth first appeared?

Answers

Answer:

The earliest life forms we know of were microscopic organisms (microbes) that left signals of their presence in rocks about 3.7 billion years old.

Explanation:

The oldest living plants are __________. Your text describes one such plant,that is more than __________ years old.

Answers

Answer:

the oldest living plant is seagrass colony

Explaination:

The plant is over 100000 years old

the earth’s_______and position relative to the________effects the lengths of_________and________.

*not multiple choice*

i need it asap. thanks!

Answers

distance

sun

day

night

The Earth's distance and position relative to the sun effects the lengths of day and night.

PLEASE HELP!


A. What kind of weather is associated with a low-pressure area?


B. What happens to the air of the low pressure areas that leads to this type of weather?

Answers

Answer:

clouds and precipitation that minimize temperature changes throughout the day

Explanation:

I just took the test and got an A on it

True/False. All mutations are bad.​

Answers

False.

There are several good mutations that have ensured the survival of species. Typically helpful mutations help the creature adapt to its environment or protect itself from predators.

I hope this helps! :)

Does a candy bar, piece of beef, butter, or bread turn up with the color blue/black on a Lugol’s (starch) test?

Answers

Answer:

bread passes the test for starch

altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating is called

Answers

Answer:

Stimulus control

Explanation:

You are controlling the stimuli. Altering the environment to influence, in this case minimize, stimuli is an example of stimulus control.

Does the waxy cutie affect where acertain pla y could be grown? Why?

Answers

Waxy skin - some leaves have a thick, waxy skin on their surface. This reduces water loss by transpiration . Water storage - some plants, known as succulents, store water in their stems, leaves, roots or even fruits.

The waxy covering on plant leaves, young stems, and fruit is called the "cuticle". ... The purpose of this covering is to help the plant retain water. In arid regions, that is very important. In wetter regions, the waxy coating may help prevent infection by disease organisms.

Plants that grow in arid zones of USDA zones 9 to 11 use waxy leaves to limit transpiration and retain water but also to protect leaves from the frigid temperatures sometimes found in the desert. Trees like the desert willow (Chilopsis linearis) have narrow, waxy leaves and striking purple flowers.

- BRAINLIEST answerer

What is global warming?:​

Answers

[tex] \bigstar \underline{ \large{ \sf{ \pink{Global \: \: Warming}}}} : [/tex]

▶ Global warming can cause sea levels to rise dramatically. In many places, coastal areas have already been flooded. Global warming could result in wide ranging effects on rainfall patterns, agriculture, forests, plants and animals. Majority of people living in regions which are threatened by global warming are in Asia. A recent climate change report gives us only a limited time to keep the greenhouse gases at the present level. Otherwise, the temperature may rise by more than 2 degrees Celsius by the end of the century, a level considered dangerous.

______________________________

Match each part of the respiratory system with the correct label.

Answers

Answer:

1 Nose

2 Mouth

3 Pharynx

4 Larynx

5 Trachea

6 Bronchi

7 Bronchioles

8 Alveoli

Explanation: are correct for your numbers in edg

Following are the parts of Respiratory system:

1.Nose

2. Mouth

3. Pharynx

4. Larynx

5. Trachea

6. Bronchi

7. Bronchioles

8. Alveoli

What is Respiratory System?

The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues which helps with breathing that includes the airways, lungs, and blood vessels. The muscles that power the lungs are also part of the respiratory system. They work together to move oxygen throughout the body and to clean up waste gases like carbon dioxide.

Respiratory system consists of following parts like

Nose--> Mouth--> Pharynx --> Larynx --> Trachea --> Bronchi --> Bronchioles --> Alveoli

The respiratory system has many functions others than inhaling (breathe in) and exhaling (breathe out), it:

It allows talking and smelling.It warms the air to match the body temperature and moisturizes it to the moisture level the body needs.It transports oxygen to the cells in your body.It removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body when you exhale.It protects the airways from harmful substances and irritants

Thus, following are the parts of Respiratory system:

1.Nose

2. Mouth

3. Pharynx

4. Larynx

5. Trachea

6. Bronchi

7. Bronchioles

8. Alveoli

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cytochrome c is a protein found in all species, and functions in energy metabolism. the more closely related two different species are,

Answers

The more closely related two different species are, the more alike their cytochrome C amino acid sequences are. The cytochrome C is an evolutionarily conserved protein.

The cytochrome C  is an evolutionarily conserved protein involved in cellular respiration.

The cytochrome C is a carrier of electrons that acts during the oxidative phosphorylation stage of cellular respiration.

This protein is evolutionarily conserved in species whose cells generate ATP in anaerobic (oxygen presence) conditions, which means that generally synonymous mutations are observed when comparing the amino acids of this protein.

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In a forest community, a shelf fungus and a slug live on the side of a decaying tree trunk. The fungus digests and absorbs materials from the tree, while the slug eats algae growing on the outside of the trunk. These organisms do not compete with one another because they occupy

A. the same habitat, but different niches
B. the same niche, but different habitats
C. the same niche and the same habitat
D. different habitats and different niches

Answers

Answer: A because they live in the same habitat but they both have different roles that do not compete with each other

The shelf fungus and slug in the forest community do not compete with each other as they have the same habitat, but different niches. Thus, option A is correct.

What are habitat and niche?

Habitat is defined as the place where the species resides while the niche is the role of the specific organisms or the species in that particular habitat or environment. The niche includes the impact of the species on the habitat.

The shelf fungus and the slug both live on the side of the tree and hence have the same habitat but the fungus takes minerals from the tree and the slug from the algae making them differ in the niche.

Therefore, the fungus and slug have the same habitat but different niches.

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in the study of genetics the offspring of the p generation is referred to as the

Answers

Answer:

F1 Generation

Explanation:

In the study of genetics the offspring of the P generation is referred to as the F1 generation.

In the study of genetics, the offspring of the P generation are referred to as the F1 offspring, or first fillial offspring. Their genetic makeup depends on their parents.

What is inheritance?

Inheritance explains how the genes from the parents pass down to the offspring. An example is when both parents are tall because they are purebred, then all the F1 offspring are tall.

The T is represented by tall, and the t is represented by short. TT is purebred tall, and tt is purebred short. When two parents (P generation) are heterozygous for tallness, such as Tt, each will produce gametes such as T and t. From these gametes, three types of individuals are formed, such as purebred tall (TT), heterozygous tall (Tt), and purebred short (tt). These are called F1 offspring.

Hence,  in the study of genetics, the offspring of the P generation are referred to as the F1 offspring, or first fillial offspring.

 

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considering the various theories, the energy used in forming organic molecules in the primitive atmosphere could have come from all except

Answers

Answer:

the correct answer is sound

Organisms that obtain food by eating other organisms or the

remains of other organisms are called...

Answers

These are secondary consumers (predators/carnivores) . Then the remains of other organism detritus. And animals that feed on the detritus can be called decomposers or detrivores

What is the probability that a hamster will have black, fine hair?

A) 2/16 (1/8)
B) 4/16 (1/4)
C) 1/16
D) 8/16 (1/2)

Answers

the answer should be B) 4/16 (1/4)

what is the electron transport chain​

Answers

Answer:

The electron transport chain is a cluster of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to form a gradient of protons that drives the creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Explanation:

Brainliest Please!

Which level of organization includes all the other lovels of organization?

Answers

Answer:

the Biosphere

Explanation:

I searched it up.

Which are examples of active transport?
Select all that apply.
exocytosis
phagocytosis
diffusion
pinocytosis

Answers

Answer:

Exocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis

Explanation:

Active transport is when energy is used to move substances across the cellular membrane.

Exocytosis requires energy to remove materials from the cell; it is active.

Phagocytosis also requires energy; it is active.

Diffusion isn't active because it moves materials down their concentration gradient and therefore it doesn't require energy.

Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis and requires energy; it is active.

algien conoce a yaninsoto y tiene esta foto de perfil xd

Answers

Answer:

no, pero es un show si es dime cual es el nombre del show

Plants from two different true-breeding P generation lines are crossed to one another and produce offspring. These offspring are allowed to self-fertilize, which results in production of the:

Answers

Answer:

F2 generation

Explanation:

2. What is a gene? ________________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between gametes and body cells? ____________________________________________________________________________
4. Each person’s DNA is unique except for who?________________________________________________________________________
5. How does each gene code for a protein?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Look at the picture of the nucleus, chromosome, and gene and infer what the relationship is of the three things? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Please answer all questions

Answers

Answer:

1. generation or birth or gender) is a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product, either RNA or protein.

2: 1. Body cells make up the body of any multicellular organism. On the other hand, a gamete is a sex cell that can either be a sperm or egg cell.

2. Body cells undergo the process of mitosis while gametes undergo a process called meiosis.

3. A body cell contains a complete number of chromosomes and is called a diploid cell while a gamete contains only half the number of chromosomes of its parent cell, and it is called a haploid cell.

3. Identical twins

4. nucleotide triplets

5. A gene is a sequence of nucleotide bases that specifies certain products; RNA or proteins. It is the segment of DNA that holds the information to build and maintain an organism's cell and also pass genetic traits to offspring. Hence, it is the molecular unit of heredity in living organisms.

The DNA is a long double-helical structure that stores the genetic information in our cells. It consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of the four nucleotides subunits (A, C, G, T).

In order for the long strand of DNA to fit into the cell's nucleus, it is coiled around certain proteins called HISTONES to form Chromatin, which undergoes further coiling and organization to to linear CHROMOSOMES.

The chromosomes are structured within the nucleus, that are made up of the cell's genetic material (DNA). In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus houses the cell's DNA and directs protein synthesis (expression of the information encoded by genes).

Explanation:

What organism aids your body with digestion?

Answers

Answer:

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anxs.

Phloem is used to transport sucrose and amino acids in plants. Sucrose is a carbohydrate. Describe the uses of carbohydrates and amino acids in plants.

Answers

Answer:

1. carbohydrates help to produce a part of cellulose. carbohydrate produces the vital source of energy, carbon skeletons for organic compounds, and storage of components.

2. Amino acids help in the ion transportation, modulation of stomatal opening, maintaining the level of detoxification.

Most of Earth's species of flowering plants depend on insects to pollinate their flowers.


True
Or
False

Answers

Answer:

True :)

Explanation:

Most species of flowering plants rely on vectors to move pollen and these vectors include insects, butterflies, birds, water and wind.

Which is the odd
one? Explain.

A. RR
B. Rr
C. Aa
D. aa

Answers

Answer:

d aa its not capitalized like the other ones

Explanation:

Create a new way to purify water

Answers

Answer:

boil

Explanation:

answer: boil it
explainition:make hot water
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