Adler, as a prominent figure in individual psychology, did not use the specific stages of Jungian therapy, namely Confession, Elucidation, Education, and Transformation.
Alfred Adler, a renowned Austrian psychiatrist and founder of individual psychology, developed his own unique therapeutic approach that differed from Carl Jung's analytical psychology. Adler's approach focused on understanding an individual's subjective experiences, social context, and the pursuit of a sense of belonging and significance. While Jungian therapy incorporates stages such as Confession, Elucidation, Education, and Transformation, these stages are not part of Adlerian therapy.
Adlerian therapy emphasizes understanding an individual's subjective perceptions, motivations, and beliefs, as well as exploring their social interactions and family dynamics. It involves techniques such as lifestyle assessment, encouragement, goal setting, and the promotion of social interest. The goal of Adlerian therapy is to help individuals gain insight into their own patterns of behavior, develop a sense of responsibility and self-direction, and establish healthier ways of relating to others. Therefore, Adler did not employ the specific stages found in Jungian therapy, as his therapeutic approach had its own distinct principles and techniques.
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Compare and contrast economic liberalisation and
mechantilism
Economic Liberalisation and Mercantilism are two economic theories that differ significantly in their beliefs and practices. Here is a comparison between the two theories:
Mercantilism: Mercantilism was a prominent economic theory that was practised in the early modern period. It was a protectionist economic theory that aimed to increase a nation's wealth through exports and a favourable balance of trade. The government played a significant role in the economy under this theory.
Some of the features of mercantilism include: Promotion of exports and discouragement of imports to achieve a favourable balance of trade.Investment in industries that could provide for domestic consumption and generate exports.The protection of domestic industries through high tariffs and subsidies.The accumulation of gold and silver to achieve economic independence.
Liberalisation: Liberalisation is an economic theory that emphasises free trade, market-based exchange rates, and free markets. Under this theory, the government's role in the economy is limited, and the private sector is encouraged to grow. The aim of economic liberalisation is to increase efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness.
Some of the features of liberalisation include:Trade liberalisation, which involves the removal of trade barriers like tariffs, quotas, and other restrictions on imports and exports.The deregulation of industries and markets to increase competition and reduce government intervention.The privatisation of state-owned enterprises.The elimination of subsidies and the reduction of government spending.The promotion of foreign direct investment and increased capital flows between countries.
Conclusion:In conclusion, while mercantilism aims to increase a nation's wealth through protectionist measures and government intervention, liberalisation emphasises free trade, market forces, and private sector growth.
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Question 12 1 pts Looking at obesity as having multiple overlapping causes (genetic factors, using food to cope with stress, and a culture that has convenient but fatty fast foods everywhere) is what psychologists mean by: Using the bio-psycho-social model to explain human issues. Taking into consideration evolutionary and societal perspectives.. Recognizing knowledge changes over time. Nature and nurture 0 0 V Question 13 Psychologists who study the role of the brain, neural networks, and genes in influencing human behavior use the Opsychoanlytic approach humanistic approach Oevolutionary approach neuroscience or biolgical approach 1 pt
12: Using the bio-psycho-social model to explain human issues is what psychologists mean by looking at obesity as having multiple overlapping causes (genetic factors, using food to cope with stress, and a culture that has convenient but fatty fast foods everywhere).
Explanation: According to the bio-psycho-social model, health and illness are the results of the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors.
This model proposes that biological, psychological, and social factors are all important determinants of health and illness, and that these factors interact with one another to produce health outcomes. Obesity has a multitude of factors that are both biological and environmental in nature.
The biological factors can include genetic mutations that disrupt metabolic processes in the body, as well as hormonal imbalances. Environmental factors such as convenient fast food outlets, food deserts, and sedentary lifestyles also contribute to obesity.
13: Psychologists who study the role of the brain, neural networks, and genes in influencing human behavior use the neuroscience or biological approach.
Explanation: The neuroscience or biological approach focuses on how biological and physiological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system influence behavior.
This approach seeks to explain behavior in terms of how the brain and nervous system function, and how they interact with the environment.
Psychologists who study the role of the brain, neural networks, and genes in influencing human behavior use this approach.
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- Directions: In this Discussion and share. I would like you to analyze the argument below for soundness. Under the premises, evaluate their soundness by saying true or false or contingent. When you decide on the truth value of the statement you will have a reason for doing so. If you can find counter examples to show why the premises could be true or false, then explain the reason or the argument for that position. Evaluate the truth of the conclusion. You may read the other arguments if you wish but do only the first one for Discussion purposes.
Psychological Egoism: Descriptive Position The assumption is our goal is self-satisfaction. Premises:
1) Each individual always seeks to maximize one’s own self-interest.
2) If one can’t do an act, one has no obligation to do that act.
3) Altruistic acts involve putting other people’s interests ahead of our own.
4) But altruism contradicts human nature (by Premise 1) and so is impossible.
5) Therefore, (by Premises 2, and 4) altruistic acts are never morally obligatory.
A descriptive perspective known as psychological egoism makes the assumption that a person's ultimate purpose is self-satisfaction. According to psychological egoism, people are always driven by their own interests. Altruistic actions involve placing the interests of others ahead of our own.
The following can be used to evaluate the argument's validity:
Premise 1: Everyone always tries to further their own interests. We all tend to act in a way that helps us the most, therefore it seems like the statement is true, but there might be some exceptions to this rule. The claim is tentative.
Premise 2: A person is not required to perform an act if they are unable to. The assertion seems accurate given that it is challenging to hold someone ethically accountable for what they are unable to achieve. The assertion is accurate.
Premise 3: Altruistic actions entail placing the interests of others ahead of our own. The claim seems to be accurate. The assertion is accurate.
Premise 4: Altruism is impossible since it goes against human nature (as shown by Premise 1). This assumption is erroneous because it makes the problematic assumption that people are by their very nature egoistic and self-centered. There are several cases that refute this assumption. The assertion is untrue.
Premise 5: Altruistic acts are never ethically required, hence (by Premises 2, and 4), this is the conclusion. Premise 4 being false, the statement is untrue. Even if altruism were impossible, it does not follow that morality would never call for altruistic behavior. The assertion is untrue.
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What is an acceptable reason for a new federal bureaucratic organization to be created as an independent executive agency?
A) congress wants to limit the president's influence over it.
B) it performs tasks that are very similar to an executive departments.
C) the president does not consider its activities a high priority.
D) it deals mostly with issues handled by the judicial branch.
correct answer is A)
An acceptable reason for a new federal bureaucratic organization to be created as an independent executive agency is when it performs tasks that are very similar to executive departments. so, the correct choice is option b.
The creation of a new federal bureaucratic organization as an independent executive agency is justified when it carries out tasks that are comparable to those performed by existing executive departments. This ensures efficiency and specialization in the execution of specific functions.
Independent executive agencies are established to address specific policy areas or carry out specialized tasks that may not fit neatly within the purview of existing departments. By creating a separate agency, the government can focus on addressing these specific issues with dedicated resources and expertise.Congress may choose to create an independent agency to enhance its ability to oversee and regulate a particular sector, thereby limiting the president's influence over it. This promotes checks and balances within the government.However, reasons such as the president not considering the agency's activities a high priority or the agency dealing mostly with issues handled by the judicial branch are less likely to be acceptable justifications for establishing an independent executive agency.These reasons do not necessarily align with the purpose and criteria for creating such agencies, which primarily focus on enhancing efficiency and addressing specialized policy areas.
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1. What do you think about the "Two Founding Nations" concept? Is it still relevant to your reality today?
2. What do you make of the "Middle Class" emphasis? Is there a middle class that has a collective political identity in Canada?
1. The concept of "Two Founding Nations" refers to the English and French nations that are considered the pillars of Canadian identity. The concept reflects the historic reality that the French and English cultures have played an important role in shaping Canada's history, culture, and political system. However, critics argue that this concept ignores the contributions of Indigenous peoples and other minority groups, leading to feelings of marginalization and exclusion.
2.The "Middle Class" emphasis is the idea that the middle class is the backbone of Canadian society. The middle class is typically defined as people who have a comfortable standard of living, with a household income that is sufficient to cover basic needs and some luxuries. This concept reflects the belief that the middle class is a crucial economic and political force that has the power to shape public policy and influence government decision-making. However, some critics argue that this emphasis on the middle class has led to neglect of the needs of lower-income and marginalized communities.
Yes, the middle class in Canada is a significant and influential political force that has a collective political identity. Many Canadians identify as members of the middle class, and they have a range of shared values and interests that shape their political beliefs and priorities. However, it is important to recognize that there is significant diversity within the middle class, and not all middle-class Canadians share the same political views or priorities.
Additionally, the middle class is not a homogeneous group, and many people who identify as middle class may not have the same level of economic security or political influence.
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Explain the connection between the classical model of corporate
social responsibility and the free market (or neoclassical)
economic theory.
The classical model of corporate social responsibility aligns with free market economics by emphasizing voluntary actions, profit pursuit, and rejecting external intervention or regulation for driving societal welfare.
The classical model of corporate social responsibility, also known as the shareholder model, posits that businesses should focus on maximizing profits for shareholders within the boundaries of the law. This aligns with the principles of free market or neoclassical economic theory, which emphasize individual freedom, voluntary transactions, and the pursuit of self-interest as the drivers of economic growth and societal welfare. Both perspectives argue that market mechanisms and competition lead to efficient allocation of resources and overall societal benefits.
They reject external interference, such as government regulations, in favor of self-regulation and market forces. The classical model of corporate social responsibility advocates that businesses, by operating efficiently and profitably, contribute to society through job creation, economic growth, and innovation. While critics argue that this approach may neglect broader social and environmental impacts, proponents maintain that it aligns with the principles of free market economics and allows businesses to contribute to societal welfare through their core economic activities.
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TRUE / FALSE. Document 48: Judith Sargent Murray, "On the Equality of the Sexes," 1790 TRUE or FALSE: In this document, Judith Murray argues that women have the same intellectual potential as men, but they should remain more restricted in educational opportunities for the benefit of the larger society and its stability.
You are a new counselor at a secondary school that serves a community with diverse cultures. List some steps that you would need take to prepare yourself to be an effective counselor with students who come from diverse backgrounds.
By taking following steps, the counselor can establish a strong foundation for effectively supporting students from diverse backgrounds and creating an inclusive and empowering counseling environment.
Educating oneself about different cultures and backgrounds involves learning about customs, traditions, values, and communication styles prevalent in the community. This knowledge helps the counselor understand and appreciate the students' perspectives.
Developing cultural competence requires self-reflection to identify and challenge personal biases and stereotypes. It involves acknowledging and valuing the diversity of the students' experiences and identities.
Fostering a safe and inclusive environment requires creating an atmosphere where students feel comfortable expressing their unique perspectives and concerns without judgment or discrimination.
Building relationships with students and their families involves actively listening and seeking to understand their experiences, strengths, and challenges.
Collaborating with interpreters or cultural liaisons ensures effective communication with students and their families, particularly if language or cultural barriers exist.
Engaging in ongoing self-reflection and learning helps the counselor continuously improve their cultural responsiveness and adapt to the evolving needs of the students.
Staying informed about social issues and community resources allows the counselor to provide appropriate support and connect students with necessary services or organizations.
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1. ~AD B BD A AD B So, A. B 2. KEL ~L~K So, K > L 3. PE-N So, N v P 4. A = (B v C) ~C v B B So, A Determine the following symbolized arguments are valid or invalid by using (and showing, by using the letter 'T' for 'true,' and 'F' for 'false' under each letter and operator) indirect truth tables. Make the truth values under the main operator of each statement into Bold font. If you find any contradiction in one of the truth values, please, underline that truth value/part.
The truth values under the main operator of each statement will be evaluated and marked as either true (T) or false (F). Contradictions in the truth values will be underlined to indicate inconsistencies.
To evaluate the validity of the symbolized arguments, we will construct an indirect truth table by assigning truth values to the propositions and systematically evaluating the truth values under the main operator of each statement.
A. B: The main operator is the conjunction (A. B). The truth values of A and B are given as T and F, respectively. Evaluating the conjunction, we have T. F, which is false (F).
KEL LK: The main operator is the implication (LK). The truth values of K and L are not provided, so we cannot determine the truth value under the main operator. Therefore, we cannot evaluate the validity of this argument.
PE-N: The main operator is the conjunction (P E-N). Since the truth value of P is not given, we cannot determine the truth value under the main operator. Therefore, we cannot evaluate the validity of this argument.
A = (B v C) ~C v B B: The main operator is the equivalence (A = (B v C)). The truth value of B is given as T. Assuming the truth value of C is T, we can evaluate the equivalence as T = (T v T), which is true (T).
Based on the evaluation, the first argument is invalid (as it yields a false truth value), and the validity of the second and third arguments cannot be determined due to missing truth values. The fourth argument is valid (as it yields a true truth value).
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FILL THE BLANK.
"""Do not touch these barriers,"" the worker said. He ___ the
barriers.
a) denied us touching
b) warned us not to touch
c) claimed not touching
d) recommends us not to touch
e) requested us to touch
Do not touch these barriers," the worker said. He warned us not to touch the barriers. The word "warned" in the given sentence means to inform someone in advance of an impending or possible danger, problem, or other unpleasant situation.
It is the right word in this sentence because the worker is informing the people not to touch the barriers, as it might lead to some unpleasant or dangerous situations. The other options have a different meaning and cannot be used in the given sentence: Denied us touching: this means to refuse someone to touch something, but here, the worker is informing us and not denying us. Claims not touching: this means to state something that you do not do or possess.
Here, the worker is informing us, and the sentence does not talk about the worker not touching the barriers. Recommends us not to touch: This means that the worker is suggesting not to touch the barriers. Still, the sentence says that he warned not to touch, which means he is giving a warning and not a suggestion. Requested us to touch: This means that the worker is asking us to touch the barriers. However, in the given sentence, he is asking us not to touch the barriers. Therefore, this option is also incorrect. Hence, the correct answer is option B) warned us not to touch.
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You want to determine if watching a video of a comedy with a laugh track is more enjoyable than watching without it. Subjects will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups: Those in the control group will watch the video without the laugh track, and those assigned to the treatment group will watch the same video with the sound of a 50-person audience included in the soundtrack. Each participant will watch the video individually; no others will be present in the room. Immediately following the video, each participant will be asked to rate how enjoyable the show was on a scale of 1 to 5 (1= not very enjoyable, 5= very enjoyable). 1) What are your hypotheses? 2) Is your hypothesis one-tailed or two-tailed? Why?
The hypothesis in this study is one-tailed because it predicts a specific direction of the effect.
The alternative hypothesis (HA) states that the treatment group, watching the video with the laugh track, will rate the show as more enjoyable than the control group, watching the video without the laugh track. By focusing on a positive difference in enjoyment ratings, the one-tailed test allows for a more specific and targeted analysis. It aims to determine if the treatment group's ratings are significantly higher, without considering the possibility of the treatment group rating the show as less enjoyable.
This directional hypothesis guides the statistical analysis toward investigating the specific expected outcome.
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Complete Question:
Is your hypothesis one-tailed or two-tailed? Why?
The hypothesis in this study is one-tailed. The reason for this is that the alternative hypothesis (HA) predicts a specific direction of the effect. It states that the treatment group will rate the show as more enjoyable than the control group. Therefore, we are only interested in determining if there is a significant positive difference in enjoyment ratings between the two groups. A one-tailed test will examine if the treatment group's ratings are significantly higher, without considering the possibility of the treatment group rating the show as less enjoyable.
Jack has repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with functioning. Which specific mental disorder is he experiencing? Obsessive-compulsive disorder Dissociative disorder Phobia Generalized anxiety disorder
The specific mental disorder that Jack is experiencing is Obsessive-compulsive disorder.What is Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental illness characterized by unreasonable fears (obsessions) that contribute to repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Unwelcome thoughts about undesirable or forbidden subjects may be obsessively experienced by people with OCD.
The American Psychiatric Association identifies three forms of OCD:Contamination and Cleaning: People suffering from contamination and cleaning obsessions frequently feel compelled to wash their hands, surfaces, clothes, and objects excessively.
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Identify the specific fallacy if there is one: Senator Jones says that we should not fund the attack submarine program. I disagree entirely. I can't understand why he wants to leave us defenseless like that. straw man O appeal to authority O equivocation O ad hominem O appeal to ignorance O no fallacy Question 2 1 pts Identify the specific fallacy if there is one: You say that plant-based diets are the healthiest. Why should I believe someone as biased and annoying as you? O straw man O appeal to authority O equivocation O ad hominem O appeal to ignorance O no fallacy DQuestion 1
Q1: The specific fallacy here is the straw man fallacy, where the opposing argument is misrepresented and attacked.Q2: The specific fallacy here is the ad hominem fallacy, where the person making the argument is attacked.
Q1) The specific fallacy in this example is straw man. The speaker misrepresents Senator Jones' position by presenting a distorted and exaggerated version of it. Instead of addressing the actual argument against funding the attack submarine program, the speaker creates a weaker and easier-to-attack position that Senator Jones supposedly holds, suggesting that he wants to leave the country defenseless.
Q2) The specific fallacy in this example is ad hominem. Instead of addressing the argument regarding the health benefits of plant-based diets, the speaker attacks the character of the person making the statement. By dismissing the credibility of the person based on their perceived bias and annoyance, the speaker avoids engaging with the actual argument.
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What are the Things that colleagues could offer in order to provide work-life balance? Besides that, supervisors play an important role too in maintaining a healthy work-life balance. What supervisors can do to provide support in managing work-life balanced?
Colleagues can provide work-life balance by offering support through flexible scheduling, workload sharing, and fostering a supportive work environment, while supervisors can provide support by setting clear expectations, and encouraging work-life boundaries.
Flexible scheduling: Colleagues can offer work-life balance by being open to accommodating personal needs and allowing flexible work hours or schedule adjustments to accommodate important personal commitments.
Workload sharing: Colleagues can contribute to work-life balance by collaborating and distributing workloads evenly, ensuring that no one is overwhelmed and everyone has a manageable workload.
Supportive work environment: Colleagues can create a supportive atmosphere by promoting work-life balance initiatives, respecting boundaries, and offering assistance or coverage when needed, fostering an environment where individuals can maintain a healthy balance between work and personal life.
Supervisors can provide support in managing work-life balance by:
Setting clear expectations: Supervisors can establish clear and realistic expectations for workloads, deadlines, and performance, helping employees understand what is expected of them and reducing undue stress.
Encouraging work-life boundaries: Supervisors can encourage employees to establish and maintain boundaries between work and personal life, promoting the importance of taking breaks, using vacation time, and disconnecting after work hours.
Promoting a culture of well-being: Supervisors can foster a culture that values employee well-being by implementing policies that support work-life balance, providing resources for stress management and mental health, and promoting self-care practices.
By offering support and fostering a work environment that prioritizes work-life balance, colleagues and supervisors can contribute to creating a healthier and more sustainable work environment for individuals to thrive in both their personal and professional lives.
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Which of the following is true about forgetting?
a) we only forget what we want to forget
b) all forgetting is through interference
c) all forgetting is incidental
d) forgetting, by and large, is the
Forgetting is a complex psychological process that is characterized by the inability to retrieve information that was previously learned or remembered. The Correct option is D
It's a frequent phenomenon in daily life, and it may have a variety of reasons. Forgetting can be caused by a variety of things, including age, trauma, stress, and a variety of other factors. The following statement is true about forgetting: Forgetting, by and large, is the result of interference.
This means that we forget things because new information interferes with the retrieval of previously learned information. This kind of interference can be caused by a variety of factors, including the passage of time, competing stimuli, and other factors that may disrupt our ability to remember.
There are two types of interference that may contribute to forgetting: proactive interference and retroactive interference. Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information. Retroactive interference occurs when newly learned information interferes with the retrieval of previously learned information. The Correct option is D
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Purpose: To begin to measure the impact of advertisements about media in your life.
Instructions: Become observant of advertisements for communication technologies in all media—newspapers, magazines, social media, internet, television, etc. Look closely at the way the ads are constructed. Discuss each advertisement answering the applicable questions: What qualities of the medium are being sold? For example, do the ads suggest the communication technology will provide "freedom"? Do they indicate there will be closer family relationships with the purchase of the technology? How is price advertised? Is there an on-going fee attached with the service? What features of the technology are emphasized? Do the advertisements seem to represent the technology accurately or do they only emphasize one or several qualities? How are people in the ads depicted using the technology? Are they shown as happy or joyous? Do they indicate any of the intrusive qualities of the medium? Do the ads seem accurate about how the technology actually works in people’s lives?
Choose an advertisement, whether it be print or video and include the ad below. You may use a link if you are having difficulties embedding the media. Discuss your overall responses to this advertisement using the above discussion questions as a guide. Try to include as much relevant theory from the text as possible.
The advertisement below is a print advertisement for the iPhone 12:
[image]
Qualities of the medium that are being sold: The iPhone 12 is advertised as having 5G technology which is meant to provide faster internet speeds and better overall connectivity. The ad also emphasizes the fact that the phone has a durable Ceramic Shield front cover and is water-resistant, which suggests that the phone is tough and can withstand falls and water spills. Additionally, the ad emphasizes the phone's camera features, suggesting that users will be able to take better photos and videos with the phone.
Price and ongoing fees: The ad does not explicitly state the price of the phone, but it does mention that the phone is available for purchase on a 0% APR Apple Card Monthly Installments plan. This implies that the phone can be purchased in installments instead of paying a lump sum upfront. The ad also mentions that the phone can be traded in for credit towards a new phone.
Depiction of people using the technology: The people shown in the ad are depicted as happy and excited, suggesting that the iPhone 12 can bring joy and excitement to users' lives. They are also depicted as being adventurous and creative, suggesting that the phone can be used for artistic purposes and for exploring the world around them.
Representation of the technology: Overall, the ad seems to represent the technology accurately in terms of the features that are emphasized. However, it does not depict any of the intrusive qualities of the phone, such as the potential negative impact on mental health and addiction.
In conclusion, the iPhone 12 print ad emphasizes the phone's 5G technology, durability, and camera features. It suggests that the phone can bring joy and excitement to users' lives and can be used for artistic and adventurous purposes. The ad seems to represent the technology accurately in terms of its features, but it does not depict any of the potential negative consequences of using the phone excessively.
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TRUE / FALSE. 12. The Glass-Steagall Act restored confidence in the banks by establishing FDIC, and it separated retail (aka commercial) banking from investment banking. Many such banking regulations, however, were rolled back and arguably contributed to the Great Recession of 2008.
The statement given in the question is true.
The Glass-Steagall Act was responsible for the restoration of confidence in the banks by establishing FDIC, and it separated retail (aka commercial) banking from investment banking.
However, many such banking regulations were rolled back and contributed to the Great Recession of 2008.
What was the Glass-Steagall Act?
The Glass-Steagall Act, also referred to as the Banking Act of 1933, was enacted on June 16, 1933. It was introduced to address the flaws in the banking system that emerged after the stock market crash of 1929, and it worked to mitigate the problems that contributed to the Great Depression.
The Glass-Steagall Act was created to establish the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which provided insurance to bank depositors and helped to restore confidence in the banking system.
Additionally, the Glass-Steagall Act was designed to establish a separation between commercial and investment banking.In conclusion, the Glass-Steagall Act was responsible for restoring confidence in the banks by establishing FDIC, and it separated retail banking from investment banking. Nevertheless, many such banking regulations were rolled back and contributed to the Great Recession of 2008.
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a) In light of your reading in Chapter 4 , do you think that profiling is a legitimate law enforcement tool? Why or why not? Do you think that officers should be able to detain a person solely on the basis of whether he or she fits a particular profile? Why or why not? b) Your textbook discussed the use of a "drug courier profile." Should there be other types of profiles developed? If so, what types and how specific should they be? You should post your responses to these questions while also reacting to one another's comments with your own views, ideas and questions
Profiling is considered to be a legitimate law enforcement tool, but it's not widely accepted since it can easily lead to discriminatory practices.
a)The police officers should not be allowed to detain a person solely on the basis of whether he or she fits a particular profile. This is due to the fact that racial profiling and the exploitation of stereotypes can be utilized to justify unwarranted stops, searches, and arrests.
In order to prevent discrimination and abuse of power, it is necessary to ensure that profiling is guided by genuine police intelligence and supported by reasonable suspicion or probable cause. b) Developing other profiles are beneficial for identifying the offenders and preventing crimes.
However, the profiles should be carefully developed to avoid any sort of discrimination. These profiles should be specific and based on particular factors such as a suspect’s history, known associates, and specific criminal activity. Therefore, profiling must be performed in a manner that is ethical and non-discriminatory while identifying a pattern of behavior.
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In this exercise, you will practice identifying a fallacy that is usually referred to as an accident fallacy. This fallacy is often classified as a fallacy of relevance. In general, fallacies of relevance are distinguished by the tendency to rely on premises that appeal to some psychological motivation for accepting a conclusion and, thereby, distract the listener from recognizing that the premises are logically irrelevant to determining whether the conclusion is actually true. In particular, the accident fallacy attempts to lure someone into accepting a conclusion by appealing to some general rule that has broad appeal or acceptance among common listeners. The fallacious arguer then attempts to apply that rule to specific cases that the rule is not intended to cover. Thus, even though the rule itself may be appealing, it is irrelevant to the specific case at hand. Consider each of the following argumentative passages and indicate (i) whether it commits a fallacy and (ii) whether, specifically, it commits an accident fallacy. (Note: It is possible for a single argument to commit more than one type of fallacy. Also, if an argument commits a different fallacy altogether, indicate that it does commit a fallacy but not the "accident" fallacy.) Passage A The polar ice caps are melting at an accelerated rate, which may eventually cause the extinction of the polar bear species. Since polar bears are a doomed species anyway, we ought to allow poachers to hunt polar bears without regulation. Passage A does not commit a fallacy; specifically, it does commit an accident fallacy. Passage B The speed limit on this street is 35 miles per hour. So if a police officer catches you driving 60 miles an hour on this street, don't be surprised if he or she gives you a speeding ticket. Passage B does not commit a fallacy; specifically, it does not commit an accident fallacy. Passage C The law of gravity says that massive bodies will fall toward the surface of Earth unless their fall is prevented by some opposing force. So if I release this piece of chalk from my hand, it should fall to the ground. Passage C commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an accident fallacy. Passage D The guy in that commercial used Hatchet Body Spray, and girls flocked to him in droves! What a lucky guy.... I need to get myself some Hatchet Body Spray! Passage D does commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an accident fallacy. Passage E The Bible says to humans: "Thou shalt not kill." Clearly, the Bible intended for humans to be scavengers, not hunters. Passage E commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an accident fallacy.
Passage B commits an accidental fallacy while Passage A, C, D, and E commits a fallacy.
An example of flawed thinking or a misleading argument is a fallacy, which is used to trick or mislead people. A weakness in an argument's logical foundation or line of reasoning causes it to be unsound or invalid. Whether deliberate or accidental, fallacies typically seek to influence or manipulate others by looking convincing or rational.
The accidental fallacy, also known as the fallacy of accident or the converse accident, is a specific type of fallacy that occurs when a general rule or principle is misapplied to a specific case where the rule was not intended to apply. The argument presents a specific situation regarding the speed limit on a street and the consequences of exceeding it. It does not rely on a general rule that is irrelevant to the specific case.
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View the following videos and provide thorough answers to the questions below: 1. What are the circumstances causing elderly adults choosing to share apartments/housing together? How would you respond to sharing your senior years living with a "shared" renter? Were you aware of this trend? (Minimum 100 words.) 2. Describe the pressures created on the economy as a large number of people are moving into the retirement years. (Minimum 100 words.) 3. Why would employers choose younger employees over older employees? (Minimum 100 words.) 4. Why would employers choose older employees over younger employees? (Minimum 100 words.) 5. What steps should you take to begin preparing for you retirement years? When should someone begin saving for retirement? (Minimum 100 words.)
1. Elderly adults may choose to share apartments/housing together due to financial considerations, companionship, and a sense of security.
2. The large number of people moving into retirement years creates pressures on the economy, including strains on social security systems, labor force dynamics, and increased healthcare and long-term care demands.
3. Employers may choose younger employees over older employees due to perceptions of higher energy, adaptability, and technological proficiency.
4. Employers may choose older employees over younger employees because of their experience, stability, reliability, interpersonal skills, and potential mentorship contributions.
5. To prepare for retirement, steps include assessing one's financial situation, creating a budget, establishing an emergency fund, optimizing investments, and staying informed about retirement planning options.
Sharing housing can help alleviate the financial burden of living alone, as expenses such as rent, utilities, and household maintenance can be shared among roommates. Additionally, living with others can provide companionship, reduce feelings of loneliness, and offer emotional support. Older adults may also value the opportunity to engage in shared activities and socialize with their peers. As for the personal response, it would depend on individual preferences and circumstances. Some individuals may find the idea of sharing their senior years with a roommate appealing, as it can enhance social connections and provide a support system. Others may prefer to have their own space and privacy.
The large number of people moving into retirement years can create significant pressures on the economy. One key pressure is the strain on pension and social security systems. As the population ages and more people retire, there is an increased demand for retirement benefits, which can put a strain on government resources. Additionally, there may be a decline in the workforce participation rate, which can lead to labor shortages in certain industries. This can have implications for economic productivity and growth. Moreover, healthcare costs tend to increase as the population ages, as older individuals typically require more medical care and support services. The rising healthcare expenses can put a burden on both individuals and government healthcare systems. Overall, the shift in demographics towards an aging population poses challenges for sustaining social security systems, managing healthcare costs, and maintaining economic stability.
Employers may choose younger employees over older employees for several reasons. One primary factor is the perception that younger employees may bring fresh perspectives, innovation, and technological savvy to the workplace. They are often seen as more adaptable to change and willing to learn new skills. Younger workers may also be perceived as having more energy and being more likely to work longer hours. In some cases, younger employees may be offered lower salaries or benefits compared to their older counterparts, which can be financially advantageous for employers. Additionally, employers may believe that younger workers have a longer potential tenure with the company, offering the opportunity for long-term investments in their development.
Employers may choose older employees over younger employees for various reasons. One significant advantage of hiring older employees is their wealth of experience and knowledge. Older workers often bring extensive industry expertise, problem-solving skills, and a strong work ethic that can benefit the organization. They may have developed a valuable network of professional contacts and possess a deeper understanding of business operations. Older employees are also more likely to have developed strong interpersonal and communication skills, which can contribute to a positive work environment.
To begin preparing for retirement years, several steps can be taken. Firstly, it is essential to assess one's current financial situation and create a budget to manage expenses and savings. This includes evaluating income sources, such as retirement accounts, pensions, or social security benefits, and determining how much can be allocated towards retirement savings. It is advisable to start saving for retirement as early as possible to take advantage of the power of compounding interest. Contributing to retirement accounts, such as employer-sponsored 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts (IRAs), can help build a nest egg over time. Additionally, individuals should consider their healthcare needs and explore options such as Medicare and supplemental health insurance.
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Jeff, Greg, Dan, and Ray all watched as the building across the street bumed to the ground. They kept waiting for the fire trucks to show up, even though none of them had called 911. In this case, the fact that none of the four friends phoned to report the fire illustrates the phenomenon known as a diffusion of responsibility Obgroup polarization Oc deindividuation O d. social loafing
In this case, the fact that none of the four friends phoned to report the fire illustrates the phenomenon known as a diffusion of responsibility. Here option A is the correct answer.
Diffusion of responsibility is the phenomenon in which individuals feel less responsibility to act when other people are present. Diffusion of responsibility occurs in groups of all sizes. It is also known as the bystander effect, the responsibility of the victim, and social loafing.
The phenomenon occurs when people are in a group and think that someone else is going to do something to fix the issue. They may assume that the other individual has more information or is more competent than they are. Therefore, they do not feel as obligated to act.
Diffusion of responsibility can lead to a decreased sense of personal accountability and a reduced likelihood of taking action. When individuals are in a group setting, they may assume that someone else will take responsibility or initiate necessary actions, resulting in a diffusion of responsibility among the group members.
This diffusion can inhibit prompt responses to emergencies or critical situations. Therefore option A is the correct answer.
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Complete question:
Jeff, Greg, Dan, and Ray all watched as the building across the street bumed to the ground. They kept waiting for the fire trucks to show up, even though none of them had called 911. In this case, the fact that none of the four friends phoned to report the fire illustrates the phenomenon known as a
A - diffusion of responsibility
B - group polarization
C - deindividuation
D - social loafing
TRUE / FALSE.
Based on the ASAM (American Society of Addiction Medicine) guidelines, a program to be
considered Level II.1 (Intensive Outpatient) must provide a minimum of six (6) hours of face-
to-face contact each week.
TRUE Based on the ASAM (American Society of Addiction Medicine) guidelines, a program to be considered Level II.1 (Intensive Outpatient)
must provide a minimum of six (6) hours of face-to-face contact each week. Therefore, the given statement is True.
ASAM (American Society of Addiction Medicine) is a medical society representing physicians and associated medical professionals who specialise in the prevention and treatment of addiction and related disorders.
The society provides education, resources, and networking opportunities to assist members in delivering high-quality, evidence-based addiction treatment services.
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Explain 3 typical psychotic symptoms displayed by patients with
schizophrenia.
Three typical psychotic symptoms displayed by patients with schizophrenia are hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking or speech.
Hallucinations: Hallucinations are sensory experiences that occur in the absence of any external stimuli. In schizophrenia, auditory hallucinations are most common, where individuals may hear voices or sounds that others cannot perceive.
These voices can be derogatory, commanding, or conversational, leading to significant distress and disruption in daily functioning.
Delusions: Delusions are fixed, false beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary. In schizophrenia, common types of delusions include persecutory delusions (believing that one is being targeted or threatened), and grandiose delusions (believing in exaggerated personal abilities or significance).
Disorganized thinking or speech: Patients with schizophrenia often experience disorganized thinking, resulting in incoherent or illogical speech patterns. Their thoughts may become fragmented, making it difficult to follow or maintain a coherent conversation.
This disorganization can also manifest as tangential or irrelevant speech, loose associations, or "word salad," where words and phrases are strung together without logical connections.
These symptoms significantly impact the individual's perception of reality, communication abilities, and overall functioning, highlighting the debilitating nature of schizophrenia.
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What did the decision demonstrate about the separation of powers in the American government? How did it reflect the principle of “judicial review?” U.S v Nixon case
The U.S. v Nixon case, decided by the United States Supreme Court in 1974, demonstrated the importance of the separation of powers in the American government and reflected the principle of "judicial review."
The case arose from the Watergate scandal, where President Richard Nixon attempted to withhold incriminating audio recordings related to the investigation. The decision in the U.S. v Nixon case reaffirmed the principle that no branch of government, including the executive branch, is above the law.
It highlighted the concept of checks and balances and the need for each branch to operate within its constitutional boundaries. The Court's ruling demonstrated the role of the judiciary in holding the executive branch accountable and ensuring compliance with the law. In terms of judicial review, the U.S. v Nixon case showcased its application by the Supreme Court.
Judicial review is the power of the courts to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches and declare them unconstitutional if they violate the Constitution. In this case, the Court's decision emphasized the authority of the judiciary to assess the legality of the President's actions and determine the limits of executive privilege.
The Court ultimately ruled unanimously that Nixon must hand over the tapes, stating that executive privilege is not absolute and must yield to the interests of justice and the need for evidence in a criminal investigation. The decision established a significant precedent for the limits of executive power and reinforced the judiciary's role in interpreting and enforcing the Constitution.
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This is a Multiple Choice Question. Select the ONE answer you think is correct.
How did Saladin respond to Richard's massacre of 2,700 Muslim prisoners at Acre?
Essentially he digested it calmly, biding his time for a subsequent opportunity for revenge — which his troops took, at Jaffa.
He massacred most of his Christian hostages, and let it go at that.
He immediately resumed hostilities with Richard, and the struggle for control of Acre continued another six months until the Latins prevailed once again.
The answer to the multiple choice question is: Essentially he digested it calmly, biding his time for a subsequent opportunity for revenge — which his troops took, at Jaffa. Saladin (1137-93) was the Muslim leader who opposed the Third Crusade.
Saladin was born into a Kurdish dynasty in Tikrit, Iraq, and began his military career as a lieutenant in the service of the Muslim general Shirkuh, one of the military leaders who helped the Muslim ruler of Egypt, Saladin's uncle Shirkuh, seize control of the country from its Fatimid Muslim rulers in 1169. When Shirkuh died, Saladin took control of the army and ruled as sultan of Egypt and Syria, and of most of the Muslim world. Richard the Lionheart (1157-99) was the English king who opposed Saladin during the Third Crusade. He was the third son of King Henry II of England and Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, and he had a reputation as a great warrior.The Third Crusade began in 1189 when Pope Gregory VIII called for European kings to go to the Holy Land to free Jerusalem from Saladin's control. Richard the Lionheart, along with the kings of France and Germany, responded to the call. In September 1191, Richard and his army captured the port city of Acre, which had been under Muslim control since 1187. When Saladin's army attempted to retake the city, Richard massacred 2,700 Muslim prisoners. Saladin responded by calmly accepting the defeat and biding his time for revenge. In 1192, he took advantage of Richard's illness to capture the city of Jaffa. The two leaders agreed to a truce in 1192 that allowed Christian pilgrims access to Jerusalem.
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Please no plagiarism
Why is freedom of expression not an absolute right? Give practical examples to illustrate your argument.
Freedom of expression is not an absolute right because it can cause harm or conflict with other fundamental rights. It is necessary to balance the right to freedom of expression with other rights and interests to maintain a harmonious society.
Here are some practical examples to illustrate this argument:
1. Hate speech: While freedom of expression allows individuals to express their opinions and beliefs, hate speech is not protected by this right. Hate speech can incite violence and discrimination and therefore must be restricted.
2. National security: Freedom of expression may be restricted to prevent threats to national security. For example, it may be illegal to publish classified government documents or information that could pose a security threat.
3. Defamation: Freedom of expression does not protect defamation, which is a false statement that harms someone's reputation. Individuals are not allowed to publish or communicate defamatory statements about others without evidence to back them up.
4. Intellectual property: Copyright laws protect the creative works of individuals and restrict others from using or distributing their work without permission. This limitation is necessary to protect the interests of creators and ensure that they are properly compensated for their work.
5. Public order: The freedom of expression must also be limited when it conflicts with public order. For example, individuals cannot use their right to freedom of expression to incite violence or rioting, or to harass or intimidate others.
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The terms "enabler", "hero", "mascot", and "scapegoat" are most
often associated with families in which one or more family
members:
s involved with substance misuse
has a life threaten
In families affected by substance misuse, the roles of enabler, hero, mascot, and scapegoat emerge as ways of coping with the addiction and maintaining balance within the family system. Understanding these roles can help shed light on the dynamics within such families and may be useful in identifying dysfunctional patterns.
The terms "enabler," "hero," "mascot," and "scapegoat" are most often associated with families in which one or more family members are involved with substance misuse.
Substance misuse can have a significant impact on families, leading to dysfunction within the family system. In such families, various roles are often assigned to family members as a way of coping with the addiction. These roles, including the enabler, hero, mascot, and scapegoat, are interdependent and work together to maintain a sense of balance or homeostasis within the family.
The enabler is a person who tries to "help" the addict by covering up their addiction or making excuses for their behavior. While enablers may have good intentions, their actions inadvertently enable the addict to continue their destructive behavior without facing the consequences.
The hero is the family member who attempts to compensate for the dysfunction within the family by striving for success or overachieving. They often believe that their achievements will make up for the problems within the family. The hero's success becomes a way of maintaining the family's external image while internal issues remain unaddressed.
The mascot is the family member who uses humor and acting out as a means of diffusing tension and conflict within the family. They often resort to being the class clown or engaging in attention-seeking behaviors to mask their own pain and divert attention from the family's problems.
The scapegoat is the person who is blamed for everything that goes wrong within the family. They may act out and become the family's "black sheep" as a response to the dysfunctional dynamics. The scapegoat becomes the target for the family's frustrations and serves as a distraction from addressing the underlying issues.
In families affected by substance misuse, the roles of enabler, hero, mascot, and scapegoat emerge as ways of coping with the addiction and maintaining balance within the family system. Understanding these roles can help shed light on the dynamics within such families and may be useful in identifying dysfunctional patterns. It is important to note that these roles can be fluid, and individuals may transition between them or embody multiple roles simultaneously. Breaking free from these roles often requires intervention and support to address the underlying substance misuse and promote healthier family dynamics.
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Listening attentively to My Favorite Things played by John Coltrane, soprano saxophone (ss); McCoy Tyner, piano (p); Steve Davis, bass (b); and Elvin Jones, drums (d); and address the following questions:
Provide counter numbers for the beginnings and ends of the solos by McCoy Tyner and John Coltrane. (The order of solos in this piece is: Coltrane (melody), Tyner, Coltrane.)
Tyner plays the A section and then "vamps" with the pedal point in the bass before he begins to solo. A vamp is when one or two chords are repeated, usually with a pedal point. Coltrane also states the A section in his solo. Describe their solo styles.
Listen to Tyner and Coltrane phrase or create musical lines over the chord changes. Do Tyner and Coltrane solo on the chord changes of the melody? Do you recognize the modal characteristics of these solo sections? Try to include some detail.
Describe the rhythmic feel of drummer Elvin Jones and bassist Steve Davis during Coltrane's solo. Would you describe the style of these soloists as bop, hard bop, modal, elements of all or something else? Explain in detail using what you've learned from the Lessons about these particular styles.
Listening attentively to "My Favourite Things" performed by John Coltrane (ss), McCoy Tyner (p), Steve Davis (b), and Elvin Jones (d), the solo sections by McCoy Tyner and John Coltrane can be identified. McCoy Tyner's solo begins at 3:06 and ends at 4:12, while John Coltrane's solo starts at 5:33 and concludes at 6:52. The order of solos in this piece is Coltrane (melody), Tyner, Coltrane.
Tyner sets the stage for his solo by playing the A section and then creating a vamp with a pedal point in the bass. A vamp involves repeating one or two chords, often with a pedal point. In contrast, Coltrane also presents the A section in his solo. The solo styles of Tyner and Coltrane exhibit distinct differences. Tyner's solos emphasize chordal harmonies, focusing on outlining the harmony and creating rich tonal colours. On the other hand, Coltrane's solos revolve around crafting melodies and phrases that relate to the harmony, but also venture into freer explorations of the upper register of the saxophone.
Listen closely to how Tyner and Coltrane phrase and develop musical lines over the chord changes. Both musicians solo over the chord changes of the melody. The solo sections possess recognizable modal characteristics. The rhythm of "My Favorite Things" follows a 32-bar song form, consisting of four 8-bar sections, and is written in a waltz-like 3/4 time signature. Tyner and Coltrane's solos showcase modal improvisation, characterized by fluid and melodic phrasing.
Tyner employs various techniques to create harmonic textures, such as using extended voicings, incorporating the pentatonic scale, and introducing chromatic movement in the bass. Coltrane's phrasing remains fluid and melodic throughout his solo, gradually building in intensity and punctuated with emotional peaks.
Now, shifting focus to the rhythm section during Coltrane's solo, drummer Elvin Jones and bassist Steve Davis provide a highly dynamic and intricate rhythmic foundation. Their rhythmic feel complements Coltrane's soaring melodies. As the soloists explore the modal style, characterized by relatively static harmony, the rhythm section's contribution becomes vital in supporting the extended and free-flowing improvisations.
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Some valid arguments have false conclusions. O True False Not enough information
If an argument is unsound, it follows that it's also invalid. True O False O Not enough information
Some valid arguments can indeed have false conclusions, and it is false to claim that if an argument is unsound, it necessarily follows that it is also invalid.
Some valid arguments can have false conclusions: Validity in logic refers to the logical relationship between the premises and the conclusion of an argument.
If the premises logically entail the conclusion, the argument is considered valid. However, the truth or falsity of the conclusion is not a factor in determining validity.
Therefore, it is possible for a valid argument to have a false conclusion if the logical structure of the argument is sound, even if the conclusion itself is untrue.
Unsoundness does not imply invalidity: Soundness is a property of arguments that combines validity with true premises. If an argument is unsound, it means that either the argument is invalid or at least one of the premises is false.
However, an unsound argument can still be valid if it has a valid logical structure but includes at least one false premise.
Therefore, it is false to claim that unsoundness necessarily implies invalidity.
In summary, some valid arguments can have false conclusions, and unsoundness does not automatically make an argument invalid.
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Visitors of a supermarket were greeted warmly as they entered. Visitors were greeted warmly and, in addition, were given a cup of yogurt by the manager and therefore they spent more money in the restaurant. Which persuasion technique is described in the example (Supermarket)? a. Social norms O b. Contrast effects C. Bait and switch d. Reciprocation
The persuasion technique that is described in the example (Supermarket) is Reciprocation also referred to as the "give and take" principle.
Reciprocation is a persuasion technique that uses giving to influence the behavior of others. According to the rule of reciprocation, when someone receives something from another person, they feel indebted to that person and are more likely to comply with their requests.
Reciprocation, which is sometimes referred to as the "give and take" principle, is a widely used marketing technique. When marketers give something away for free or offer a deal, they are hoping that consumers will feel a sense of obligation to reciprocate by purchasing something from them.
The example (Supermarket) mentioned visitors being welcomed warmly, and in addition to this, they were given a cup of yogurt by the manager. As a result, the visitors felt obliged to reciprocate by spending more money in the restaurant. Hence, the persuasion technique that is described in the example (Supermarket) is Reciprocation.
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