The surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) is a mathematical formula used to measure the relative size of a cell. It is the ratio of the surface area of a cell to its volume. Cells need to maintain a high SA:V in order to survive and function properly.
First, a high surface area to volume ratio is needed in order for the cell to take in essential nutrients and expel waste. All cells must take in oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients from the environment in order to survive, and they must also get rid of waste products such as carbon dioxide and other toxins. The surface area of a cell provides an area for the cell to access these materials, and the volume of the cell determines how much material can be moved in and out of the cell. A higher SA:V means that more of the cell's surface area is available to take in materials, and more of the cell's volume is available to expel waste.
Second, a high surface area to volume ratio is also necessary for the cell to carry out its metabolic processes. The metabolic processes of a cell require energy, which comes from the breakdown of glucose and other molecules. A higher SA:V allows for more of the cell's surface area to be used for enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and more of the cell's volume to be used for the storage and transport of molecules to and from the cell.
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PLEASE TYPE THE RESPONSE Charles Darwin proposed that evolution by natural selection was the basis for the differences that he saw in similar organisms as he traveled and collected specimens in South America and on the Galapagos Islands. A) Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection as presented by Darwin. (6 Marks) B) Each of the following relates to an aspect of evolution by natural selection. Explain TWO of the following. (8 Marks) (i) Convergent evolution and the similarities among species in a particular biome. (ii) Natural selection and the formation of insecticide-resistant insects or antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (iii) Speciation and isolation. (iv) Natural selection and heterozygotes advantage.
According to the theory of evolution by natural selection as presented by Darwin, organisms breed more young than they can withstand in their surroundings.
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is known as natural selection. Animals with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will often generate more offspring than their contemporaries given the shortage of resources in nature, increasing the population frequency of such traits across successive generations. Those with more physical capacity to endure, develop into adults, and reproduce.
Darwin started to question if South American species had made it to the Galapagos and had since transformed as a result of climatic adaptation. This notion—that species could alter over time—ultimately inspired Darwin to develop his theory of evolution through natural selection.
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According to the theory, why is it important to know how much of a pathogenic risk an item poses to an end-user? a) End-users must be informed of decontamination risks so they can choose whether to receive treatment or not b) The risk determines how long you can wait before cleaning it c) The risk of infection determines whether you should dispose of the item or not after use d) The risk determines how you must decontaminate an item so that the next user doesn't get infected
In order is for end-user to decide whether or not to get therapy, this information is required.
Why do we seek therapy?A treatment is anything that medical professionals perform on patients in order to manage a health issue, minimize its symptoms, or resolve it. Treatments may take the form of medication, counseling, surgery, or other measures. A health issue is said to be cured when a treatment permanently resolves it. Some medical conditions can be treated.
Meaning of treatment planPay attention to how it sounds. (TREET-mint plan) A thorough plan that includes information about the patient's ailment, the intended treatment outcome, available treatment modalities, potential side effects, and anticipated treatment time.
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What is meant by this statement: “Mutation is random, but natural selection is not random.”
Environment-related factors are thought to affect the rate of mutation but not typically the direction of mutation.
What is Mutation?Exposure to dangerous chemicals may speed up the rate of mutation, but it won't result in more changes that make the organism immune to those toxins.
Many mutations are in reality "random," according to tests, and did not happen because the organism was put in a setting where the mutation would be advantageous.
Esther and Joshua Lederberg found that many of these mutations for antibiotic resistance were already present in the population in 1952, even before the population had been exposed to the antibiotic.
Therefore, Environment-related factors are thought to affect the rate of mutation but not typically the direction of mutation.
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Why do cells need to have a high surface area relative to their total volume?
Smaller single-celled creatures have a high surface area to volume ratio, which enables them to rely on waste removal and oxygen diffusion to thrive. This method can be more successful if the objects have a larger surface area to volume ratio.
What is high surface area?Material with a large surface area acts as an active species' support or catalyst. Precipitation, sol-gel, or flame methods are frequently used to synthesize them. A flexible option is "exotemplating," which uses porous carbon matrices as a hard template, for example.
What is carbon with a high surface area?NaOH at a temperature of 7000C produces activated carbon with a large surface area of around 2400 m2/g . But only irregular materials and irregular intercalation processes may be activated by NaOH [21]. Activated carbon used for this investigation, however, must have a high porosity level.
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What are 3 controllable and 3 uncontrollable risk factors?
Controllable risk factors are those that can be modified or changed through lifestyle choices or medical interventions. Uncontrollable risk factors are those that cannot be modified or changed.
Smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases, including lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke. Quitting smoking Controllable can significantly reduce the risk of these diseases. A diet high in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and added sugars Controllable can increase the risk of heart disease, risk factor stroke, and other chronic diseases. Eating a healthy diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats risk factor can lower the risk of these diseases. A Uncontrollable person's risk of certain diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, Uncontrollable risk factor can be influenced by their family history. Men have a higher risk of heart disease than women, while Uncontrollable risk factor women have a higher risk of osteoporosis and breast cancer.
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Explain the application of biology epecially the role of microbiology and biotechnology for the growing public and global health need
A, in the development effective diagnotic ,prevention ,and treatment meaure including production of novel drug and recombinant vaccine
B,in the production of nutritionally enriched genetically modified crop and anmimal to alloviate food inecurity which i a common dilemma particularly in underdeveloped countrie
Biotechnology is the application of biology to the creation of new things, processes, and creatures with the goal of enhancing society and human health.
A. Medical biotechnology
It is a subspecialty of medicine that conducts research on living cells and cell components before creating pharmacological and diagnostic products. These products support both disease prevention and therapy. Modern diagnostic and preventative medical equipment, including diagnostic test kits, vaccines, and radio-labeled biological treatments used for imaging and analysis, have been made possible by biotechnology advancements.
B. Genetically modified crop
Biotech crops can increase crop quality and, in some situations, productivity, which can increase farming's profitability. Certain of these crops can simplify tasks and improve farmer safety. Farmers might spend less time growing their crops and more time concentrating on other lucrative pursuits as a result.
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Which of the following types of models could be used to represent a cell?
a
idea model
b. physical model
С. computer model
d all of the above
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
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Answer:
I would say D- all of the above.
Explanation:
What is the relationship of III-1 to 111-2?
The relation of III-1 to 111-2 is that they are the married couple having some common ancestor and having 3 children where 1 girl and 1 boy suffer from some sex linked recessive disease.
What is Sex linked recessive disease?X-linked recessive inheritance also known as Sex linked recessive disease which is defined as the mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to always be expressed in males and in females that are homozygous for the gene mutation. Females with one copy of the mutated gene are carriers.
Examples of X-linked recessive disease are red-green color blindness and hemophilia A where there is red-green color blindness. Red-green color blindness simply means that a person cannot differentiate between red and green colors (usually blue-green).
Thus, the relation of III-1 to 111-2 is that they are the married couple having some common ancestor and having 3 children where 1 girl and 1 boy suffer from some sex linked recessive disease.
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What assumption do we make about an isolated bacterial colony that formed on an agar plate?
When an isolated bacterial colony is discovered on an agar plate, there are a few assumptions that are typically made.
Firstly, it is assumed that the bacteria are a single species, which means that all of the bacteria in the colony are genetically related. This allows scientists to identify the bacteria by its unique characteristics, such as its color and size. Secondly, it is assumed that the bacteria are capable of reproducing, since it is only possible for the colony to form if the bacteria are able to divide and multiply. Lastly, it is assumed that the bacteria are not contaminated with any other microorganisms, since the bacteria need to be isolated in order to form a colony.
These assumptions allow scientists to accurately identify the bacteria and gain a better understanding of its characteristics. This knowledge can then be used to further research and study the bacteria, as well as develop treatments or vaccines if necessary. Therefore, these assumptions are essential in understanding the biology of the bacteria and its potential implications on human health.
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What is common to all organisms?
Answer:
All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. When viewed together, these characteristics serve to define life.
What is the point called where the rate of oxygen and carbon dioxide production are equal in a plant?
Answer:
Compensation Point
Explanation:
Answer:
Compensation PointCompensation Point for Light (of photosynthetic plants) is the intensity of light at which the rate of carbon dioxide uptake (photosynthesis) is exactly balanced by the rate of carbon dioxide production (respiration) or equivalently, the light intensity at which the rate of oxygen production is exactly balanced by the rate of oxygen consumption.
Explanation:
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Which of the following is the best description of biotechnology? ((NO LINKS PLEASE))
A.) Biotechnology is using genomics to make informed decisions.
B.) Biotechnology is the use of living organisms and life’s processes for practical purposes.
C.) Biotechnology is a branch of science that does not pose any risks.
D.) Biotechnology is the manipulation of genes.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Navigate to the website and complete the tutorial followed by the activity. Record your results in the data table below.
*NEED ANSWR, WILL GIVE BRAIN.*
The cell cycle is an organized series of processes that take place in a cell before cell division.
What is Cell cycle?The cell cycle is a four-stage procedure in which the cell enlarges (gap 1, or G1), copies its DNA (synthesis, or S), gets ready to divide (gap 2, or G2), and splits (gap 4, or S).
Interphase, which accounts for the time between cell divisions, is made up of the stages G1, S, and G2. A cell "decides" whether to enter the cell cycle and divide based on the stimulatory and inhibitory signals it receives.
Growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal transducers, and nuclear regulatory proteins are the four groups that can be used to categorize the proteins that are involved in promoting cell division.
Therefore, The cell cycle is an organized series of processes that take place in a cell before cell division.
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How do you get the macromolecules in your body?
Answer:
explanation
Explanation:
Food provides the body with the nutrients it needs to survive. Many of these critical nutrients are biological macromolecules, or large molecules, necessary for life. These macromolecules (polymers) are built from different combinations of smaller organic molecules (monomers).
Mine diagram shows the arrangement of cells inside the leaf of a green pa
contents are shown) which cells normally contain chloroplasts.
a)1 and 2.
b)1 and 4.
c) 2 and 3.
d)2 and 4.
The dorsal and ventral face of the leaf is surrounded by a cuticle secreted by the epidermis. In the middle, there are chlorenchyma and lacunar parenchyma cells. In the ventral face we can also find guard cells. Option D) 2 and 4.
What is leaf anatomy?Usually, in a leaf, we can identify two faces, the dorsal and the ventral ones. Both of them are protected by a dermal system, the epidermis that produces the cuticle.
On the ventral face, we can differentiate the stomata. Stomata are small pores placed in the leaf's surfaces, whose opening is regulated by two guard cells surrounding them.
Among other organelles, guard cells have chloroplasts to photosynthesize.
Inbetween the dorsal and ventral surfaces, we can find the fundamental tissue. This tissue is composed of
palisade parenchyma, known as chlorenchyma ⇒ cylindrical and elongated cells, very close to each other. The Chlorenchima is in charge of photosynthesis.lacunar parenchyma ⇒ short and rounded, with spaces in between. This tissue is related to substances' transport.In the exposed image,
1) Dorsal Epidermis
2) Clorenchima (palisade parenchyma)
3) Ventral Epidermis
4) Guard cells
According to this framework, Clorenchima (palisade parenchyma) and Guard cells have the highest number of chloroplasts.
Option D) is correct. 2 and 4.
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What does Napoleon do to show that he disagrees with Snowball's windmill plans?
Napoleon looks over Snowball's proposals and urinates on them to show his disdain. When Snowball has finished his blueprints, everyone gets together for a big meeting to decide whether to move through with the windmill project.
In Chapter 6, Napoleon asserts that Snowball was responsible for destroying the windmill. Because the reader is aware of the truth while the characters in the book believe Napoleon, this is a dramatic irony. A plot device that foreshadows future events; frequently raises the reader's tension or concern.
Napoleon makes a counterargument, claiming that building the windmill will divert time and resources away from the more important task of supplying food. Snowball is convinced that the windmill will eventually become a labour-saving technology.
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What phenomenon leads to calico pigmentation in female cats?
In cats, the genes for coat pigmentation are X-linked, resulting in an orange or black coat color depending on which copy of the X chromosome each cell has activated. X inactivation occurs only in cells with multiple X chromosomes. This characterize why almost all calico cats are female.
Known for their distinctive black, orange, and white coat patches, the calico cat is an example of a genetic process known as "lionization." Because calico cats have a genetic condition called spotting. Mottled animals have white skin or patches of white fur. This is controlled by genes that affect the ability of skin cells to produce the pigments responsible for color.
The X chromosome determines a cat's color, and female cats, like all female mammals, have two X chromosomes, but male mammals, including the common male cat, have an X chromosome and a Y chromosome.
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• What's a cell ?
Answer:
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. ... Cells have many parts, each with a different function.
How does genetic engineering make producing insulin easier compared to when insulin was produced through using a cow pancreas?
Answer:
It reduces allergic reactions
Explanation:
Insulin could be obtained from animals. This insulin is extracted from animals and then purified for use on humans.
However, genetically engineered insulin is produced by genetically modified bacteria. The advantage of this method of producing insulin is that it yields pure insulin with less allergic reactions in humans.
Which leukocyte might you expect to find in higher quantities in a person experiencing allergies?
a. neutrophil
lb. ymphocyte
c. basophil
d. eosinophil
You could expect to see more eosinophil granulocytes in someone with allergies.
What is a high basophil number?An high basophil level is referred to medically as basophilic. It can be a sign of ongoing inflammation in your body. Or it can signal that your bone marrow is producing too many white blood cells due to a medical condition. Your doctor can assess your basophil levels using a blood test.
What causes high basophil levels?If you experience basophilia or some other basophilic disorder, your body creates too many basophils. A virus or a more serious condition of leukemia or even an autoimmune illness may be implicated by an extremely high basophil count.
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Screens out harmful radiation
Answer:
Explanation:
With the arrival of warm summer weather, states have started to relax their COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Excited to spend time with family and friends, people are now planning vacations, with one destination remaining a popular choice for many: the beach. However, extra time spent soaking up the sun increases our exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation and raises our risk for developing skin cancer.
July is UV Safety Month. We know that one of the best ways to practice UV safety is to wear sunscreen every day. To help you choose and correctly use the best product for your needs, review the nine facts about sunscreen listed below.
Fact #1: Broad Spectrum Sunscreens are Best
UV radiation from the sun includes two types of harmful rays:
Ultraviolet A (UVA) Rays: Most common; cause premature aging of the skin (e.g., wrinkles)
Ultraviolet B (UVB) Rays: Most dangerous; cause sunburns
Overexposure to both types of rays can cause skin cancer. Sunscreens labeled as “broad spectrum” help protect against the effects of both UVA and UVB rays.
Fact #2: Aim for a Sunscreen with at Least 30 SPF
A sunscreen’s sun protection factor (SPF) indicates how much protection the product offers against UV radiation. Sunscreens with an SPF of at least 30 block 97 percent of the sun’s rays.
Fact #3: No Sunscreen is Waterproof or Sweat Proof
Manufacturers can no longer advertise sunscreens as waterproof or sweat proof. Instead, products are now labeled:
Water Resistant: Effective for up to 40 minutes in water
Very Water Resistant: Effective for up to 80 minutes in water
The AAD recommends reapplying sunscreen every two hours, after getting out of the water, or after sweating.
Fact #4: Children Under Six (6) Months Typically Should Not Wear Sunscreen
Infant skin is more sensitive than adult skin. To protect infants younger than six months, the AAD recommends keeping them in the shade as much as possible; dressing them in protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, pants, and a wide-brimmed hat; and making sure they stay hydrated. If you are still concerned about sun exposure, ask your pediatrician if he/she recommends sunscreen.
Fact #5: Sunscreen is Only One Tool in Your UV Safety Toolbox
There are many ways to reduce your exposure to UV radiation. Experts recommend combining sunscreen use with wearing protective clothing, staying in the shade when possible, and avoiding outdoor activities when the sun is most intense.
Fact #6: Use “Teaspoon and Shot Glass Rule” to Determine How Much Sunscreen to Apply
Many people do not apply enough screen. The “Teaspoon and Shot Glass Rule” recommends using one teaspoon of sunscreen to cover the face and neck, and enough sunscreen to fill a shot glass — approximately one ounce — to cover all other exposed areas on the body.
Fact #7: Sunscreen Expires
According to the AAD, the FDA requires all sunscreens to retain their original strength for at least three years. Many sunscreens include an expiration date printed on the label. Visible changes in color or consistency can also indicate that it is time to dispose of the product.
Fact #8: Spray-On Sunscreens Are Convenient, But Not Always Effective
The AAD explains that current FDA regulations on testing and standardization do not apply to spray-on sunscreens. Individuals who want to use spray-on sunscreen should make sure to use an adequate amount, rubbing it in to thoroughly cover all areas of exposed skin.
Fact #9: Sunscreen is Safe to Use
Some recent news stories have called into question the safety of the ingredients used in sunscreens, but sunscreen remains completely safe to use and is recommended by all health care professionals. Read more about this in our blog post titled “Is Sunscreen Safe?”
Learn More: How NFCR is Advancing Skin Cancer Treatment
Research conducted by the National Foundation for Cancer Research’s (NFCR) scientists Danny R. Welch, PhD; Paul Fisher, MPh, PhD; Web Cavenee, PhD; and Helmut Sies, M.D., continues to play a critical role in our understanding of this complex disease, including potential advances in treatments for melanoma — the most dangerous type of skin cancer.
To learn more about skin cancer research supported by NFCR, please visit our Skin Cancer webpage.
need help asap
question 23
- 20 points
Answer:a
Explanation:
See here
Which of the following is an example of how global warming affects the Earth's
natural systems?
Answer:
Climate change can alter where species live, how they interact, and the timing of biological events, which could fundamentally transform current ecosystems and food webs. Climate change can overwhelm the capacity of ecosystems to mitigate extreme events and disturbance, such as wildfires, floods, and drought.
Explanation:
I really hope this helps!
Describe at least 4 concepts learned this unit in genetics. Explain why each concept is important. (Digital biology 10th grade)
Transcription and gene regulatory networks. coding and noncoding RNA mechanisms of action and function. protein synthesis are 4 concepts learned this unit in genetics.
What is genetics?
The study of genes and heredity, or how particular characteristics or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence, is known as genetics. A gene is a section of DNA that has the instructions needed to create one or more molecules that support bodily function. A double helix, or corkscrew-shaped ladder, is how DNA is shaped. The bases are pairs of the four building blocks adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, and the two ladder rails are referred to as the backbones. The instructions for constructing molecules, the majority of which are proteins, are included in the sequences of these nucleotides. According to researchers, there are around 20,000 genes in humans.
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what mutation would be most likely to have silent or no effect on the protein
Answer:
A mutation where it codes for the same thing as the original.
Explanation:
Example: AAA and AAG both code for lysine.
What would be the most likely cause of this genetic variation?
The most likely causes of genetic variation are random mating, genetic mutation and genetic drift.
The changes which occur in the genetic sequence of the DNA of an individual are known as genetic variations. They play a very important role in the bringing about evolution and increasing the survival rate of organisms.
The most likely causes of genetic variation are random mating, genetic mutation and genetic drift. Genetic drift is a shift in the allelic frequency of a population which occurs due to a random chance. Random mating is the mating between two individuals which is not dictated by any social or genetic preference and genetic mutations are the change in the sequence of the DNA which might occur due to exposure to UV rays, chemicals or some errors in replication.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"What are the most likely causes of genetic variation?"--
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Which two statements describe forces that move water within the global
ocean conveyor belt?
A. Upwelling causes cold water to separate and sink below warmer
water.
B. Saltwater freezes, leaving behind warmer freshwater that flows
faster.
C. Water freezes, causing the saltier and denser remaining liquid
water to sink.
D. Wind pushes surface water away from shore, and cold water rises
to replace it.
What is a unit of seed?
A unit of seed is the structure generally regarded as a seed in planting practices and in commercial channels.
The seed is the embryonic stage of the factory life cycle. utmost seeds correspond of three corridor embryo, endosperm, and seed fleece. The embryo is a bitsy factory that has a root, a stem, and one or further leaves. The endosperm is the nutritional towel of the seed, frequently a combination of bounce, oil painting, and protein.
Commercial channels means the trade of the commodity for which a commodity commission is established for use as food, artificial, agrarian or chemurgic use, when vended to any marketable buyer or to any person who resells the commodity or any product deduced therefrom.
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Observe the three sections of the photo below. Which section of the photo is made up of the most number of pixels? Segment ___
Please Help!! I need the answers quick
segment C
because there are more colors that hav to be made by the pixles for the image to show
more detail also means more pixles
Write a claim evidence and reasoning on Do trees change the composition of the atmosphere around us?
Answer:
Evidence: Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis, and release oxygen as a byproduct. In this way, trees play a vital role in the global carbon cycle, and can help to mitigate the negative impacts of human activities that contribute to the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide, such as the burning of fossil fuels.
Reasoning: The evidence provided demonstrates that trees have a direct effect on the composition of the atmosphere through their role in the carbon cycle. By absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, trees can help to balance the levels of these gases in the atmosphere, and contribute to the overall health of the planet. The fact that trees have this ability suggests that they have the power to change the composition of the atmosphere around us.