In the United States, industrialized food production requires approximately 10 units of nonrenewable fossil fuel energy to produce 1 unit of energy put on the table.
This is because industrialized food production involves the use of heavy machinery, transportation of food from the farm to the distribution center, and the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals to produce crops. All of these activities require energy which is typically sourced from nonrenewable fossil fuel sources.
Additionally, food production also requires energy for processing and packaging, which further increases the amount of energy required to produce 1 unit of energy put on the table. In conclusion, industrialized food production requires approximately 10 units of nonrenewable fossil fuel energy for every 1 unit of energy put on the table in the United States.
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How did ants and butterflies get advantage of each other?
Answer:
As lagartas das espécies de
borboletas investigadas pelo biólogo
Lucas Kaminski, em sua pesquisa de
doutorado, possuem glândulas que
produzem uma substância doce, das
quais as formigas se beneficiam. De
contrapartida, numa relação mutualística, as borboletas têm suas “filhas”
(as lagartas) protegidas contra ataques
de outros inimigos naturais e podem
se alimentar das plantas ocupadas
pelas formigas sem correr risco de
serem atacadas. O coorientador Paulo
Oliveira, especialista em ecologia
comportamental de insetos, explica
que as borboletas geralmente não
têm como lutar contra outros herbívoros, então, no caso dessas famílias,
as formigas acabam atuando como
guardiãs das larvas. “Ninguém chega
perto para fazer mal às larvas, pois
as formigas são agressivas e agem
como guarda-costas das lagartas”,
explica Oliveira. A tese de doutorado
está inserida dentro de uma linha de
pesquisa consolidada na Unicamp,
que aborda a interface da interação
entre plantas, formigas e herbívoros
no cerrado, coordenado por Oliveira.
O processo de seleção natural foi
observado por Kaminski quando,
após 25 dias de acompanhamento e
monitoramento do comportamento
de borboletas da espécie Parrhasius
polibetes, ele constatou que para tais
espécies a presença das formigas é
mais importante que a das plantas para
ovopositar, a fim de garantir a sobrevivência de sua prole. “O momento
mais importante na história evolutiva
dessas borboletas é colocar os ovos
onde suas larvas possam sobreviver”, explica Kaminski. De maneira
simples, Oliveira explica: “Sua prole
vai sobreviver aos ataques de outros
predadores e ainda vai ter do que se
alimentar. Elas serão avós porque as
larvas chegarão seguras à fase adulta e
os genes podem se perpetuar graças à
relação mutualística com as formigas”.
Oliveira lembra que formiga é o
bicho mais abundante da Terra. Se
for feito um quadrado na floresta
Amazônica de 100x100 metros,
serão encontradas 8 milhões de formigas no solo, segundo o biólogo.
Se pensar que todas elas, agressivas
como são, sobem em folhas para se
alimentar, isso é um problema grande para o indivíduo herbívoro. “O
principal dilema para os herbívoros
é não ser atacado por formigas na
hora de se alimentar”, acrescenta.
A relação amistosa das formigas
com outros insetos mutualistas já tinha
sido comprovada em estudos anteriores, que também foram importantes na
tese para constatar que as borboletas
exploram outras associações. É o caso
das cigarrinhas Guayaquila, parentes
dos pulgões, que também liberam
substâncias açucaradas importantes
para as formigas. O pesquisador observou que essas cigarrinhas também
servem como referência para as borboletas na hora de escolher os ramos
de Schefflera, planta tradicional do
Brasil, para colocar ovos. “Além de
localizar as formigas, elas conseguem
identificar essas cigarrinhas, pois sabem que ali suas larvas também estarão protegidas”, acrescenta Kaminski.
A descoberta de Kaminski é importante para compreender a história
evolutiva dessas famílias de borboletas, mas também para ampliar os estudos sobre outras interações da biodi versidade
Explanation:
Answer:
Lycaenid butterflies and ants are representative examples of mutualism, in which different species benefit from the activities of the other.
Explanation:
What is the mechanism or reason behind the ant association with butterfly larvae? ... Both of they got the benefit from each other, Larvae got protection and in reverse ants got food (Sugary substance secreted from 7-8 segment of body) from the larval body.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that when released in the brain tends to make a person feel happy. Certain drugs stop
the synapses from removing neurotransmitters. When these drugs cause an increase in the amount of neurotransmitters
in the synapses, which response would be increased?
O sleepiness
O happiness
O sadness
O alertness
Answer:
O happiness
Explanation:
According to this question, Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that makes a person feel happy when released in the brain. However, it is stated that certain drugs stop the synapses from removing neurotransmitters, like Dopamine.
Hence, when these drugs cause the amount of neurotransmitters in the synapses to be increased, this means that the response caused by those neurotransmitters will also be increased. For example, an increase in Dopamine will cause an increase in HAPPINESS.
Answer:
B. Happiness.
Explanation:
There are huge numbers of synapses in the spinal cord and the brain. Explain why this is so. Please help
Answer:
the central nervous system uses these synapses to transfers electrical impulses to the brain through the spinal cord.
Explanation:
For example a stimulus such as bright light is detected by receptor cells, this sends electrical impulses through the sensory neurons and passes them through synapses to relay neurons. The gap between these neurons are called synapses which use neurotransmitters (chemicals) to send the impulse over the gap. Lots of these synapses are in the spinal cord and brain so that more of these impulses can be received and therefore a motor neuron can send an impulse to an effector so a response can be issued, for this example the response would be closing the eyes so that the bright light doesn't damage the eyes- this is an example of a reflex action.
Sorry if this doesn't make sense or I've explained it wrong! I hope I've helped in the slightest!
There are huge number of synapses in the spinal cord and the brain as these synapses are used by the central nervous system to send electrical impulses to the brain via the spinal cord.
Why there are so much synapses in brain and spinal cord?To illustrate, when a stimulus like as strong light is received by receptor cells, electrical impulses are sent by sensory neurons and sent across synapses to relay neurons. Synapses are the gaps between these neurons that employ neurotransmitters (chemicals) to transfer the impulse across the gap. A lot of these synapses are in the spinal cord and brain so that more of these impulses can be received and thus a motor neuron can send an impulse to an effector so that a response can be issued, for example, closing the eyes so that the bright light does not damage the eyes- this is an example of a reflex action.
As a conclusion, as synapses are employed by the central nervous system to transfer electrical impulses to the brain via the spinal cord, we may assume that there are a large number of synapses in the spinal cord and brain.
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The graph below shows the English sparrow population in an area over several years. In 1988, a
large shopping mall was built in the area where the sparrows lived.
According to the information in the graph, how did this affect the sparrow population over a period
of time?
a. The population increased because humans fed the sparrows.
b. The sparrow population was unaffected by the shopping mall.
c. The population increased because predators were removed.
d. The sparrow population decreased because of habitat destruction.
Answer: d. The sparrow population decreased because of habitat destruction.
Explanation:
You included no graph but this should be the correct answer.
Habitat loss is one of the leading ways that an animal can go extinct. This happens because the animal has to go to other habitats which might be too dangerous or they eat less because food is not as available as it was in the previous habitat. Habitat loss therefore reduces the population of animals.
This will be no different for the sparrow population here. The large shopping mall has taken the land of the sparrow and now the sparrows will see their numbers decline as time goes on due to a lack of habitat.
What is the law of conservation of energy short answer?
According to the rule of conservation of energy, energy can only be transformed from one form of energy to another and cannot be created or destroyed.
This indicates that unless energy is added from the outside, a system always has the same quantity of energy.
Energy conservation was different from mass conservation. However, special relativity demonstrates that mass and energy are connected by the formula E = mc², and science currently holds the belief that mass-energy is conserved as a whole. Theoretically, this means that every mass-containing object can transform into pure energy and vice versa. However, it is thought that this is only feasible under the most severe physical circumstances, such as those that probably occurred in the cosmos just after the Big Bang.
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Joe places a whole orange on a scale and finds that the reading on the scale is the same as when he cuts the orange into segments and places all of the segments on the scale at one time. The readings on the scale show an example of which scientific law?
Joe's reading on the orange scale shows an example of the scientific law of mass conversion.
The law of mass conservation is a law that states that mass is eternal. the law of conservation of mass states that matter or mass cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed into other forms such as liquids, gases, as well as solids.
For example, when someone burns wood. The mass of burning wood is not destroyed. However, it changes form to charcoal, ash, and smoke with the same total mass.
Likewise, what Joe did when he read the mass scale of the orange before and after it was cut, the mass did not change.
This question is optional:
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-how does hyperventilation decrease the respiratory rate
Hyperventilation decreases the respiratory rate by decreasing the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, which leads to a decrease in the drive to breathe.
What is respiratory rate?The number of breaths you take each minute is referred to as your respiratory rate. Adults typically breathe 12 to 20 times per minute while at rest. When resting, an abnormal respiration rate is one that is less than 12 or greater than 25 breaths per minute.
Hyperventilation leads to a decrease in the drive to breathe. This is because the primary stimulus for breathing is the buildup of carbon dioxide in the body. When carbon dioxide levels drop, the body's natural drive to breathe also decreases, resulting in a slower respiratory rate.
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PLEASE HELP ME WITH A BIOLOGY QUESTION !! IWLL GIVE BRAIN!,
Answer:
4/D
Explanation:
It would be Pp, genotypes like that are closed heterozygous because 1 allele (P) is dominate, while the other is recessive (p). It could also be called a hybrid.
What effect do glass panels have on the infrared photons ?
Answer: The glass pane absorbs and re-radiates all of the infrared photons. The glass pane absorbs all invisible photons as well as visible photons. The glass pane transmits all invisible photons as well as visible photons.
Is there a difference in diversity between the two sites if you looked at only the number of species
The difference in diversity of species which are present in two different sites cannot be determined just be looking at the number of species.
The diversity of species or species diversity can be defined as the number of different species which are present in an ecosystem and also the abundance of those species. Species diversity changes with change in location.
There are several factors which determine the species diversity. These factors include competition amongst the species, genetic diversity, diversity in habitat etc. These factors can help us determine the difference in species diversity of different locations. We cannot conclude regarding diversity just by looking at the number of species.
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Owls Are Being Tort ured, Kil led at Johns Hopkins for ADHD ‘Research’
Please spread this! This is ANIMAL AB USE. not "research." Please spread the message!
This is not a question.
Which of the following DOES NOT cause a mutation?
Environmental factors such as radiation and chemicals
Infectious agents like viruses and bacteria
Spontaneous mutations
Pure water
The number of mitochondria are increased during interphase. True or false?
3. What kind of selection did the humans use to create dogs (and the tasty plants we eat)?
Zoology
Artificial selection is the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
What is Artificial selection?Artificial selection is the process of identifying desirable traits in plants and animals and then taking action to strengthen and pass those traits down to succeeding generations. Artificial selection operates in a similar manner to natural selection, with the exception that in natural selection, these decisions are made by nature without human intervention. By choosing which male and female animals or plants will typically reproduce sexually and produce offspring together, humans can use animal and plant breeding to selectively develop specific phenotypic traits. Because humans choose which organisms get to reproduce instead of nature, this process is known as artificial selection.To learn more about phenotypic refer to:
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3. What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?
Answer:
MRNA ou RNA?
Explanation:
What would be the immediate consequence if a neurons sodium-potassium pump was disrupted?
Answer:
Option A.
Explanation:
The sodium pump in the neuron is electrogenic,there are three Na+ from every K+ that enter the cell . If there is a blockage to all sodium pump activity in a cell, there would be an instant change in the membrane potential which will not allow the action potential to take place because a hyperpolarizing current was removed, which means that the membrane potential becomes less negative. Therefore the electrogenic contribution of the sodium pump to the membrane potential will be small which lead to small depolarization.
Is substitution a missense or nonsense?
Substitution is an example of missense mutation.
Substitution is considered as a type of mutation in which their is a replacement of one nucleotide with different nucleotide. It can also be defined as the replacement of one amino acid in a protein with totally different amino acid.
In general, missense mutation takes place when there is a fault in the DNA code and as a result that one of the DNA base pairs is changed, for example, A is swapped for C. This change in the DNA sequence due to Substitution results in change means that the DNA now encodes for a different amino acid. One kind of substitution mutation is called a point mutation, that occurs which a single nucleotide is substituted.
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A farm worker accidentally was splashed with a powerful insecticide. A few minutes later he went into convulsions, stopped breathing, and died. The insecticide acted as a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme important in the function of the nervous system. Describe the structural relationship between the enzyme, its substrate, and the insecticide molecule.
The enzyme is made up of a protein structure and binds to its substrate, which is often a specific molecule that is necessary for the enzyme’s function. The insecticide molecule is similar in structure to the substrate, but is much more powerful.
The insecticide molecule is a competitive inhibitor, meaning that it binds to the same site on the enzyme as the substrate does, preventing the substrate from binding to the enzyme and, in turn, preventing the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction.
The structure of the enzyme-substrate complex and the insecticide-enzyme complex are similar, with the insecticide molecule fitting into the active site of the enzyme, forming a strong bond with the enzyme and preventing the substrate from binding to its active site. The insecticide molecule has a higher affinity for the enzyme than the substrate, which is why it is able to block the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction and, ultimately, cause the death of the farm worker.
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Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except __________.
a. increase in aldosterone
b. increase in peripheral resistance
c. an inhibitor of angiotensin II
d. increase in blood volume
Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except inhibitor of angiotensin II. So option c is correct.
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, which means it causes the walls of the arteries to narrow, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Inhibitors of this hormone, such as ACE inhibitors and ARBs, work by blocking its action and preventing it from constricting the arteries, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.
Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of force exerted against the walls of the arteries as blood flows through them. It is an important indicator of cardiovascular health as it can affect the function of various organs in the body. The most common causes of an increase in blood pressure include an increase in aldosterone, increase in peripheral resistance, inhibition of angiotensin II, and increase in blood volume.
One of the factors that would cause an increase in blood pressure is an increase in aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate the balance of fluids in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium. This causes an increase in blood volume, which in turn leads to an increase in blood pressure, specifically in the systolic pressure.
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Do nutrition labels provide relevant information?
Explanation:
Yes, they do they let consumers know about possible allergens and nutritional value.They can also assist those keeping to a diet.
Select the correct labels for the parts of this atom. ( Part a: Part b: Part c:
ions
proton
neutron
electron
nucleus
The parts of atoms include:
a - protonb - electronc - neutronHow do atoms work?An atom is made up of a central nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is positively charged and contains one or more protons and neutrons, which are relatively heavy particles. Atoms are the fundamental constituents of matter.
Protons are made up of two up quarks and one down quark. Neutrons are made up of one up quark and two down quarks. The "strong nuclear force," one of the four fundamental forces, holds the nucleus together.
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Some simpler animals lack what type of embryonic tissue?
A landowner plans to harvest a large area of pine trees to sell for lumber. How can
the landowner best sustain the pine trees as a natural resource?
A The landowner should consult a forester and replant the land with pine trees.
B The landowner should leave a few trees and let the land regenerate
naturally.
C The landowner should replant the land with corn or soybeans.
D The landowner should plant a few genetically altered trees.
Few trees should be left standing, and the landowner should let nature take its course.
Can a forest naturally regrow?A forest can quickly undergo organic regeneration through the growth of grass and herbs. By allowing deforested areas to remain unattended for a long time, the regrowth of forests can happen spontaneously and without the help of humans.
Regeneration of natural resources?Old stands must be left alone or have had afforestation rehabilitation and been given time to mature to the point of generating seeds in order for natural regeneration to occur. The majority of Central and Eastern European nations as well as Scandinavian nations are like this.
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The process of union between egg and sperm.
oogenesis
mitosis
conception
implantation
The first step in the process of gene expression is transcription. What is the product of transcription during gene expression? A. a codon B. a molecule of thymine C. an RNA polymerase D. a molecule of RNA
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Transcription = DNA to RNA
Translation = RNA to codons to create amino acids or proteins.
Patrick and Patty's son Patterson, who is heterozygous for pink body color (Pp) like his parents, gets married and has kids with Petunia, who is homozygous recessive for yellow skin. What is the likelihood that their kid will have yellow skin like it's mother?
a. 25% chance of yellow skin
b. 50% chance of yellow skin
c. 75% chance of yellow skin
d. it is not possible for their offspring to have yellow skin because Patterson has the dominant trait
Answer:
b. 50% chance of yellow skin
Explanation:
The likelihood that their kid will have yellow skin depends on the genetic makeup of both Patterson and Petunia. Patterson has the genotype Pp, which means he has one dominant allele for pink body color and one recessive allele for yellow body color. Petunia, on the other hand, has the genotype pp, which means she is homozygous recessive for yellow body color.
When they have children, each parent will contribute one of their alleles to their offspring. The offspring will have a 50% chance of inheriting the recessive allele for yellow body color from Patterson and a 50% chance of inheriting the recessive allele for yellow body color from Petunia. Therefore, the likelihood that their kid will have yellow skin is 50%.
How do vegetarians get protein without meat?
Vegetarians and vegans who want to gain all the essential amino acids can combine two or more plant proteins.
In order to meet their daily requirements of essential amino acids, vegetarians can eat a variety of meals. Excellent sources of those amino acids are grains, peanut butter, legumes, almonds, pumpkin seeds, and legumes. The amino acids needed by the body include tryptophan, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methionine, threonine, valine, and phenylalanine. One food that has all of these amino acids is quinoa. For those who don't consume meat, fish, or dairy items, pulses are crucial. Eggs and meat substitutes such as tofu, textured vegetable protein, Quorn, and mycoprotein are other non-dairy sources of protein. To receive their protein, vegetarians should eat plant-based foods such grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and soy products. Eggs and dairy products are good sources of protein for lacto-ovo-vegetarians.
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you will think/search about different cultural practices in other country/place based on the given element.
• BELIEFS
•AESTHETIC
•EDUCATION
• RELIGION
• MATERIAL CULTURE
EXAMPLE: BELIEFS - spitting is a way of saying hello of Maasai tribe in Kenya.
BELIEFS: In Japan, it is believed that folding 1000 paper cranes can grant a person a wish.
• AESTHETIC: In the Himba tribe of Namibia, women cover their skin with a mixture of butterfat and ochre to enhance their beauty and protect their skin from the sun.
• EDUCATION: In some parts of India, the Guru-shishya tradition is still practiced, where a student lives with and learns from a Guru (teacher) in a specific field, such as music or martial arts.
• RELIGION: In Bali, Indonesia, daily offerings and prayers are made to the gods and ancestors, often including small intricate woven baskets filled with rice, flowers, and other items.
• MATERIAL CULTURE: In the Inuit community of the Arctic, igloos were traditionally made as temporary shelters out of snow and ice blocks.
What is the cultural practices?Culture in the above sense refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society. It encompasses various aspects of human society, including beliefs and traditions, language, religion, art and aesthetics, education, and material culture.
Culture can be defined as a way of life of a particular group of people and is passed down from generation to generation through socialization.
In the examples provided above, different cultural practices are discussed in relation to the given elements such as beliefs, aesthetic, education, religion and material culture. For example, the practice of folding 1000 paper cranes in Japan is a cultural belief that is passed down through generations.
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Why does an individual have the number of alleles for a trait they do? In other words, where do the alleles come from
Answer:
- An individual has two set of alleles for each trait because humans are diploid (two set of chromosomes).
Explanation:
Humans are DIPLOID in nature, meaning that they have two sets of each chromosome. Chromosomes contains genes, which come in different forms or versions called ALLELES. Since there are a pair of each chromosome, then there are two genes per chromosome. Hence, two possible forms of genes (alleles) can exist for each gene. That is, every gene will have two copies.
The alleles of each gene on a chromosome comes from each of the parents of an individual. For example, a human contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each pair of chromosome comes from the father and mother.
Answer:
Explanation:
It is important to note that alleles can be dominant, recessive, or codominant to each other, leading to variations we see in different organisms and traits. For example, how we can differentiate people by their eye color, blood group, hair color, all show that an allele is a specific form of a gene.
An individual has the number of alleles for a trait they do because each cell needs only certain genes to be active or activated in order to function genetically and since gene influence the way cells functions, so for each trait, there are two alleles per gene making an individual having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes when the two alleles are the same. While having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, when the two alleles are different. This is so important as the alleles affect the expression (phenotype) of a particular trait.
What drives the movement of water in Earth's systems?
Answer:
The water cycle is driven primarily by the energy from the sun. This solar energy drives the cycle by evaporating water from the oceans, lakes, rivers, and even the soil. Other water moves from plants to the atmosphere through the process of transpiration.
Explanation: