i need help with the vocab for science

111.3 kg of water have accumulated inside the car

Let us assume that the mass of water accumulated is m′. As a result, the total mass of the train-car plus the water is m + m′. The momentum of the total mass before rain = momentum of the total mass after rain. Momentum of the train before rain, p1 = mv1 Momentum of the train after rain, p2 = (m + m′) v2 .Applying the principle of conservation of momentum,p1 = p2m v1 = (m + m′) v2.

The mass of water is calculated using the above equation.

m′ = [m v1 - m v2]/v2m′ = m (v1 -v2)/v2 Substitute m = 5100 kg, v1 = 25 m/s, and v2 = 23 m/s in the above equation.

m′ = (5100 × (25 - 23))/23m′ = 111.3 kg

Therefore, the mass of water accumulated in the car is 111.3 kg.

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If two parallel wires, wire 1 carries current i, and wire 2 carries current 2i then the two wires exert repulsive forces of the same magnitude on each other. The correct answer is option e.

When two current-carrying wires are placed near each other, they create magnetic fields that interact with each other. The magnetic field created by wire 1 exerts a force on the current-carrying particles in wire 2, and the magnetic field created by wire 2 exerts a force on the current-carrying particles in wire 1. These forces are given by the formula:

[tex]F = (\mu _0 \times (I_1) \times (I_2) \times L) / (2\pi  \times d)[/tex]

where F is the force between the wires, [tex]\mu_0[/tex] is the permeability of free space, [tex]I_1[/tex] and [tex]I_2[/tex] are the currents in wires 1 and 2, L is the length of the wires, and d is the distance between the wires.

Let us assume the currents in the wires is flowing in opposite direction.

In this case, the currents in the two wires are i and 2i, respectively. Therefore, the force exerted by wire 1 on wire 2 is:

[tex]F_{12} = (\mu _0 \times i \times 2i \times L) / (2\pi  \times d)[/tex]

And the force exerted by wire 2 on wire 1 is:

[tex]F_{21} = (\mu _0 \times 2i \times i \times L) / (2\pi  \times d)[/tex]

Since the currents in wire 2 are twice as large as those in wire 1, the force exerted by wire 2 on wire 1 is also twice as large as the force exerted by wire 1 on wire 2. However, these forces are equal and opposite in direction, so the two wires exert repulsive forces of the same magnitude on each other.

Therefore option e is the correct answer.

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The time taken and the takeoff speed of the kangaroo jumping is 0.71 seconds and 7 m/s, alternately. The result is obtained by using the equations for uniformly accelerated motion.

A uniformly accelerated straight motion is a motion with acceleration or deceleration in a straight line. The equations apply in vertical dimension are

The maximum height of kangaroo jumping is 250 m.

Determine the time taken in jump and takeoff speed of the kangaroo!

At the maximum height, the velocity is zero. So, using the equations for uniformly accelerated motion, the takeoff speed (initial speed) of the kangaroo is

v₁² = v₀² + 2gh

0 = v₀² + 2(-9.81)(2,5)

v₀² = 2(9.81)(2,5)

v₀ = √49

v₀ = 7 m/s

The time taken for the kangaroo jumping is

v₁ = v₀ + gt

0 = 7 + (-9.81)t

t = 7/9.81

t = 0.71 seconds

Hence, the time taken is 0.71 seconds and the initial speed of the kangaroo jumping is 7 m/s.

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The acceleration of the skateboarder while going down the ramp is found to be 1m/s².

The skateboarder began to go down the ramp and that at a speed of 1.0m/s. After 3 seconds it is found that the speed of the skater is increased to 4.0m/s.

We can use the equation,

V = U+at, where, V is final speed, a is acceleration, t is time and U is initial speed.

Putting all the values,

4 = 1 +a(3)

a = 3/3

a = 1m/s²

The acceleration of the skateboarder is 1m/s².

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The time it takes the object to fall through the change in speed using the impulse-momentum theorem is 0.62 seconds.

The impulse-momentum theorem states that the change in momentum of an object is equal to the impulse exerted on it.

To calculate the time it takes the object to increase it speed using the  impulse-momentum theorem, we use the formula below.

Formula:

Recall that F/m = acceleration. Therefore,

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Substitute these values into equation 1 and solve for t

Hence, the time it takes the object to fall is 0.62 seconds.

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Pluto most closely resembles a terrestrial planet, like the other planets in our solar system. Terrestrial planets are composed mostly of rock and metal, and have solid surfaces. Pluto is believed to have a rocky core surrounded by a mantle of ice, which makes it a terrestrial planet.

Pluto most resembles a terrestrial planet. What are terrestrial planets? Terrestrial planets are planets composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals, which are relatively near to the Sun. They are named after the Earth, as they share many common features. Venus, Earth, and Mars are the three most well-known planets in this group. Pluto is similar to a terrestrial planet since it is composed of rocky material like the Earth. Despite being a dwarf planet, it shares many characteristics with the terrestrial planets. Pluto is a small, icy world that orbits the Sun, is believed to be covered in water ice and various kinds of frozen gases, and has an atmosphere that is primarily composed of nitrogen. Pluto was originally identified as the ninth planet in our solar system but was later reclassified as a dwarf planet because it failed to meet the International Astronomical Union's criteria for being considered a planet. Although Pluto is no longer classified as a planet, it remains one of the most interesting objects in the outer solar system, and the study of Pluto is essential to our understanding of the development of our solar system.

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The time it takes a planet to complete one full orbital revolution is commonly known as its period. Option a is the correct choice.

The period of a planet refers to the time it takes for the planet to complete one full orbit around its star or sun. This time period is determined by the distance between the planet and the star, as well as the planet's velocity. The period is an important concept in astronomy and is used to calculate a planet's orbital speed, distance, and other orbital parameters. By studying the periods of planets, astronomers can make predictions about their behavior and gain insights into the workings of the solar system and the universe as a whole. Therefore, option a is correct.

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Once body density is determined as with hydrostatic weighing and air displacement plethysmography, percent body fat can be calculated using the Siri equation. Body density refers to the measurement of an individual's body mass. It is the mass of an individual's body divided by the volume of their body.

It is expressed in kilograms per cubic meter in SI units. Body density can be used to calculate body fat percentage. Body fat percentage, also known as adiposity index, is the amount of body fat present in an individual's body divided by their total body mass. Body fat is essential for proper functioning of the body, but it needs to be maintained in the right amount for overall health and well-being.

Percent body fat calculation using the Siri equation Once the body density is determined, percent body fat can be calculated using the Siri equation. The Siri equation is expressed as: Percent body fat = [(4.95/Body Density) - 4.50] x 100The Siri equation is an accurate way of calculating percent body fat. It uses body density as its basis for measurement.

Body density is determined by measuring the mass and volume of the individual's body. Hydrostatic weighing and air displacement plethysmography are the two most common methods for determining body density. These methods are accurate and reliable for body density measurement.

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Visible Infrared (IR) satellite channels measure the temperature of underlying surfaces. This includes clouds, oceans, and land.

IR channels work by detecting the amount of infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface. The intensity of the radiation is then converted into a digital number, which is displayed as a color on a satellite image. The higher the digital number, the warmer the surface temperature. This data can then be used to track changes in temperatures over time. The satellite channel that measures the temperature of the underlying surfaces is visible infrared. The surface temperature measurement is made possible by the difference in temperatures of objects in the infrared spectrum. An object's temperature and the level of radiation it emits have a direct correlation, and this is what visible infrared satellites use to take the temperature of the underlying surfaces. The visible infrared (VI) channel is used to estimate cloud cover and surface temperature. Infrared radiation from the surface of the earth is detected in this channel. The temperature of clouds, oceans, and land can be estimated using the visible infrared (VI) channel. It also provides data on how temperature changes with latitude and over time. Furthermore, the VI channel aids in the identification of cold and hot surfaces. Water vapor (WV) is another channel utilized in satellite imagery to observe the atmosphere's water vapor content. It enables meteorologists to forecast the occurrence of rainfall and other weather patterns. In general, satellite measurements assist in understanding Earth's weather and its impact on humans and the environment. These satellites help scientists to forecast severe weather, monitor weather changes over time, and analyze natural disasters. In addition, they assist in tracking the effects of climate change on the planet.

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The final answer are resistance of a circuit is directly proportional to the power rating of the bulb. As a result, a 75-watt light bulb has a higher resistance than a 100-watt light bulb.

(a) A 100-watt light bulb draws more current than a 75-watt light bulb.

(b) A 75-watt light bulb has a higher resistance than a 100-watt light bulb. The current drawn by a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit, as per Ohm's law.

As a result, the resistance of the light bulb can be determined by measuring the current flowing through it and the voltage across it. The resistance of a circuit is defined as the ratio of the voltage applied to the circuit to the current flowing through it.

Therefore, if we look at the above question, since the power of the bulb is proportional to the product of voltage and current, we can say that a 100-watt bulb would draw more current than a 75-watt bulb. This is due to the fact that the current drawn by the bulb is proportional to the power that the bulb can handle.

However, the resistance of a circuit is directly proportional to the power rating of the bulb. As a result, a 75-watt light bulb has a higher resistance than a 100-watt light bulb.

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The magnitude and direction of the force that the magnetic field of the current exerts on the electron in a a long, straight wire is 1.96 x 10⁻¹⁸ N and direction of the force is opposite to the direction of the current.

The magnetic field of the current exerts a force on the electron of magnitude 6.072 x 10⁻¹³ N in a direction that is opposite to the direction of the current.

where

Current, I = 8.60 A

Distance of electron from wire, r = 4.50 cm = 0.045 m

Velocity of electron, v = 6.00 x 10^4 m/s

The force on the electron due to magnetic field of current-carrying wire is given by:

F = (μ * I * q) / (2 * π * r)

where μ is the magnetic permeability of free space and is equal to 4π x 10⁻⁷ Tm/A,

q is the charge of electron and is equal to -1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C, and

r is the distance between the electron and the wire.

Substituting the values, we get:

F = (4π x 10⁻⁷ Tm/A) * (8.60 A) * (-1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C) / (2 * π * 0.045 m)

F = -1.96 x 10⁻¹⁸ N.

The negative sign indicates that the direction of force is opposite to the direction of the current.

So, the magnitude of the force exerted by the magnetic field on the electron is 1.96 x 10⁻¹⁸ N, and the direction of the force is opposite to the direction of the current.

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When 171 V is applied across a wire that is 11 m long and has a 0.44 mm radius, the magnitude of the current density is 1.3 x 10^4 A/m2.

solution:
This current density can be calculated using the following equation:

Current Density = Voltage / (Length x Resistance)

Therefore: Current Density = 171 V / (11 m x 1.05 Ω)

Current Density = 1.3 x 10^4 A/m2

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The situation in which the forces on the body sum to zero is option b, horizontal forces of -50 n, -20 n, 40 n, and 30 n.

When the net force acting on an object is zero, the forces on the body sum to zero. This is known as the equilibrium state. The body is said to be in equilibrium when the net force on it is zero. An object can be in equilibrium when there is no acceleration in the system.

Let's determine which option from the given options meets this criteria:

Vertical forces of -80 N, 30 N, and 40 N

The net force acting on the object would be:

30 + 40 - 80 = -10 N.

In this case, the forces do not sum to zero. Therefore, it is not in its equilibrium state.

Horizontal forces of -50 N, -20 N, 40 N, and 30 N

The net force acting on the object would be:

-50 -20 + 40 + 30 = 0 N.

In this case, the forces sum to zero. Therefore, the body is in equilibrium state.

So, the answer is option b.

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When astronomers talk about the seeing conditions at a potential observatory site, they are referring to the atmospheric turbulence and how it affects the quality of images obtained from telescopes at that location.The seeing conditions can have a significant impact on the image quality as well as the scientific output of an observatory.

Turbulent air creates a blurring effect on the images which is known as atmospheric distortion. This limits the telescope’s ability to resolve fine details in the observed objects.The quality of the seeing conditions at a potential observatory site depends on various factors such as the altitude, climate, and topography.

Astronomers evaluate the seeing conditions by monitoring the atmospheric turbulence at the site. They use a device called a seeing monitor that measures the fluctuations in the air density and temperature.The seeing conditions are critical for the success of an observatory.

Astronomers prefer sites with stable atmospheric conditions, low turbulence, and dry climate. These conditions help to minimize the effects of atmospheric distortion on the images and enable astronomers to study celestial objects in greater detail.

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The final velocity and direction of the pin is 10m/s, at an angle of 30 degrees below the horizontal.

The final velocity and direction of the pin can be calculated by using the law of conservation of momentum. Momentum (P) is equal to the mass (M) multiplied by the velocity (V). The momentum of the system before the collision is the sum of the momentum of the ball and the pin, which can be expressed as follows:
P initial = (M ball * V ball) + (M pin * V pin)
Since the pin was initially stationary, V pin = 0. Therefore:
P initial = (2.6kg * 5m/s) + (0.3kg * 0)
P initial = 13 kgm/s
After the collision, the momentum of the system must remain constant. Therefore:
P final = (M ball * V ball) + (M pin * V pin)
P final = (2.6kg * 1m/s) + (0.3kg * V pin)

Pfinal = 13 kgm/s
Solving for V pin, we get:
V pin = 10m/s

The final velocity of the pin is 10m/s, at an angle of 30 degrees below the horizontal.

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In an n-type piece of silicon, the electric field causes the electrons to accelerate due to the attractive force between the negatively charged electrons and the positively charged electric field. This acceleration causes the electrons to reach a velocity of V = E/μ, where E is the electric field (0.1V/m) and μ is the mobility of electrons in silicon (1350 cm2/V⋅s). Therefore, the velocity of electrons in this material would be equal to 0.1V/m/1350cm2/V⋅s = 0.0741 cm/s.

The holes, on the other hand, experience a repulsive force due to the positive electric field. This causes the holes to decelerate, with a velocity of V = -E/μ. Therefore, the velocity of holes in this material would be equal to -0.1V/m/1350cm2/V⋅s = -0.0741 cm/s.

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During each section of the cooling curve, different types of energy changes occur. Kinetic energy decreases during the solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-gas phase transitions, while potential energy decreases during the gas-to-liquid and liquid-to-solid phase transitions.

A cooling curve is a graph of temperature versus time that depicts the cooling of a substance. The curve is divided into four distinct sections: (i) from solid to liquid, (ii) from liquid to gas, (iii) from gas to liquid, and (iv) from liquid to solid. During each section of the cooling curve, energy changes occur.

Types of energy changes that occur during each section of the cooling curve: Solid to liquid: During this phase transition, the temperature of the substance remains constant, while the potential energy increases.Liquid to gas: During this phase transition, the temperature of the substance remains constant, while the potential energy increases.

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When an object acquires an electric charge, it gains either a positive or a negative charge. Positively charged objects can be used to leave another metallic object with a net negative charge. The process is known as charging by conduction.

The process of charging a conductor without touching it to the charging body but by bringing the charged body near the uncharged conductor is known as charging by conduction. A positively charged object can be used to leave another metallic object with a net negative charge by charging through conduction. It is possible because of the conservation of charges.

Charging through conduction involves the following steps: Bring a positively charged object closer to an uncharged metallic object. The positive object will transfer some of its electrons to the uncharged object because of its close proximity. The uncharged metallic object, after gaining electrons from the positively charged object, becomes negatively charged. The positive object loses electrons in the process and becomes less positively charged or sometimes negatively charged, depending on the situation.

When a positively charged object is brought near an uncharged metallic object, it gains electrons from the positive object, which creates a net negative charge in the metallic object. As a result, the metallic object is negatively charged due to the transfer of electrons from the positive object.

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These two forces act on the stone:

The stone in the figure shown is at rest, which means that the net force on the stone is zero. Therefore, there must be two forces acting on the stone, one in the direction of the incline and the other in the opposite direction. These two forces are:

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Both the opponent-process theory and the corollary discharge theory predict a complementary color aftereffect when you shift your gaze to the white wall.

Suppose you stare at a static red square for two minutes, you then move your eyes back and forth across a white wall. The Opponent-process theory and corollary discharge theory predict you will experience a complementary color aftereffect when you shift your gaze to the white wall. The opponent-process theory suggests that cells in the visual system respond to complementary color pairs such as green and red, yellow and blue, and white and black. The cells work in opposition, with one group exciting and the other inhibiting. When the cells become fatigued due to prolonged exposure to a color, the cells' firing rates adjust, causing an opponent color to become more sensitive.

Cone cells adapt to changes in visual stimuli and return to their baseline firing rates, which is known as adaptation. The visual system responds in the opposite direction after adaptation to a stimulus, causing a complementary color aftereffect. This effect causes a red afterimage when you look away from a green stimulus or a green afterimage when you look away from a red stimulus. The corollary discharge theory explains how the brain anticipates the sensory consequences of a motor act. In the human body, a motor command is given by the brain, which then sends a copy of that command to the visual system.

The visual system anticipates the motion of the object that is being tracked and removes the motion that results from the eye's movement, allowing the object's motion to remain stable on the retina even though the eye is moving. When the eye's movement is blocked, the motion's removal causes an illusion of movement in the opposite direction, known as a motion aftereffect. Thus, both the opponent-process theory and the corollary discharge theory predict a complementary color aftereffect when you shift your gaze to the white wall.

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When a knowledgeable amateur astronomer tells you that she has a 14-inch telescope, the number 14 refers to the diameter of the telescope’s objective lens.

A telescope is a device used to view distant objects by utilizing electromagnetic radiation to either magnify their apparent size or gather more light than the human eye can. Telescopes are used for scientific, commercial, and amateur purposes. The telescope comprises an objective lens or mirror and an eyepiece to magnify the images created by the objective. Most telescopes have a viewfinder to make it simpler to aim the telescope precisely at the object of interest. They may also have a motorized mount to track celestial objects as they move across the sky.

Telescopes come in a variety of sizes, designs, and shapes and they range from large observatory telescopes to handheld amateur models. They are often classified into two types, reflecting and refracting telescopes and the size of a telescope is determined by the diameter of its objective lens or mirror. The bigger the diameter, the more light the telescope can collect, and the clearer the image. The diameter of the objective is the most significant aspect of a telescope when it comes to observing the heavens. For instance, a 14-inch telescope has an objective lens with a diameter of 14 inches, this large lens is capable of collecting a lot of light and providing clear images, making it a perfect tool for viewing the night sky.

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The sound level for this noise is approximately 50 decibels.

Sound level is a logarithmic measure of the ratio between the sound pressure level of a particular sound wave and a reference level. The reference level is typically set at the threshold of human hearing, which corresponds to an intensity of 10^-12 W/m^2. The sound level (measured in decibels, dB) of a sound wave is given by,

L = 10 log10(I/I0)

where I is the intensity of the sound wave and I0 is the reference intensity, which is typically set at 10^-12 W/m^2.

So, for an intensity of 10^-7 W/m^2 in a typical classroom, we can calculate the sound level as,

L = 10 log10(I/I0) = 10 log10(10^-7/10^-12) = 10 log10(10^5) = 50 dB

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When the volume of a cylinder filled with a gas is decreased by a piston, the pressure inside rises because of the increased frequency of collisions between gas particles.

This is due to the fact that when the available space is reduced, the particles are forced to move faster in order to maintain their average kinetic energy. Furthermore, the number of collisions between gas particles and the walls of the container increases, resulting in a higher pressure.

Additionally, as the volume decreases, the number of collisions between gas particles and each other increases, which also contributes to the rise in pressure. Therefore, when the volume of a cylinder filled with a gas is decreased by a piston, the pressure inside will rise due to the increased frequency of collisions between gas particles.

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The pilot of an airplane notes that the compass indicates a heading due west. The airplane's speed relative to the air is 100 km/h. The air is moving in the wind at 31.0 km/h toward the north. The velocity of the airplane relative to the ground is: 104 km/h

The airplane's velocity relative to the ground is calculated by adding the velocity of the airplane relative to the air with the velocity of the air relative to the ground.

The velocity of the airplane relative to the ground is obtained by vector addition of the airplane's velocity relative to the air and the air's velocity relative to the ground. Given that the compass indicates a heading due west, the airplane's velocity relative to the air is 100 km/h towards the west.

The air is moving towards the north at 31.0 km/h, therefore the velocity of the air relative to the ground will be towards the north. The velocity of the air relative to the ground will be equal to 31.0 km/h towards the north.

To find the velocity of the airplane relative to the ground, we need to add the velocity of the airplane relative to the air to the velocity of the air relative to the ground.

Hence, we get the velocity of the airplane relative to ground = velocity of the airplane relative to air + velocity of air relative to ground. The velocity of the airplane relative to the ground = (100 km/h)2 + (31.0 km/h)2 = 104 km/h.

The velocity of the airplane relative to the ground is 104 km/h.

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The average force acting on the golf ball is 0.637 N.

To calculate the average force acting on the golf ball, we will use the equation

F = m*a

where F is the average force, m is the mass of the golf ball, and a is the acceleration.

To calculate the acceleration, we can use the equation

a = (vf - vi)/t

where vf is the final velocity, vi is the initial velocity (0 m/s in this case), and t is the time of contact. We know that the final velocity is 25.0 m/s, and the time of contact is 1.80 ms.

Therefore, we can calculate the acceleration to be

a = (25.0 m/s - 0 m/s) / 1.80 ms

a = 13.89 m/s².

Now that we have the mass and acceleration, we can calculate the average force. Using the equation F = m*a, the average force on the golf ball is

F = 0.0450 kg * 13.89 m/s² = 0.637 N.

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The first-order maximum for 450-nm wavelength blue light falling on double slits separated by 0.0500 mm is approximately 6.2°.

The angle of the first-order maximum refers to the angle at which the brightest interference pattern appears on a screen placed behind two closely spaced slits when illuminated with the blue light of 450-nm wavelength.

The angle is determined by the equation:

theta_m = (m*lambda)/d

where m is the order, lambda is the wavelength, and d is the slit separation.
theta_m = (1*450E-9 m)/0.0500 mm
theta_m = 6.2°

Thus, the first-order maximum for double slits of 0.0500 mm at 450 nm λ blue light is around 6.2°.

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The tension in an elevator cable if the 1 500-kg elevator is descending with an acceleration of 2.8 m/s² is 18,900 N.

The tension in the elevator cable, for net force is :

[tex]F_{net} = ma[/tex]

where [tex]F_{net}[/tex] is the net force,

m is the mass of the elevator, and

a is the acceleration of the elevator.

Since the elevator is descending, we can take the upward direction as positive.

The forces acting on the elevator are the force of gravity (mg) and

the tension in the cable (T), where T is in the upward direction.

Therefore, the net force acting on the elevator is:

[tex]F_{net}= T - mg[/tex]

where g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²).

Substituting the given values into the equation:

[tex]F_{net} = T - mg[/tex]

[tex]ma = T - mg[/tex]

Rearranging the equation, we get:

[tex]T = ma + mg[/tex]

where T is the tension in the cable,

m is the mass of the elevator,

a is the acceleration of the elevator, and

g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Also Substituting the given values:

T = (1500 kg) × (2.8 m/s²) + (1500 kg) × (9.8 m/s²)

T = 4200 N + 14700 N

T = 18900 N

Therefore, the tension in the elevator cable is 18,900 N when the 1,500-kg elevator is descending with an acceleration of 2.8 m/s², downward.

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Vector V is a vector with a magnitude of 6 miles per hour in a northwesterly direction on the coordinate plane. The magnitude of vector V is 6, and its direction is northwesterly.

cos θ = x / r, sin θ = y / r,

tan θ = y / x,

where θ is the angle between the vector and the x-axis, x and y are the coordinates of the vector on the coordinate plane, and r is the magnitude of the vector.

The magnitude of vector V: The magnitude of vector V is 6 miles per hour.

Therefore, r = 6.

The direction of vector V: the angle θ, the x and y components of vector V must be determined.

The angle between vector V and the x-axis is 45 degrees since the vector is going northwesterly, so the angle is halfway between 90 degrees for directly up and 0 degrees for directly to the right. Because the angle is 45 degrees, the x and y components are equal.

Therefore, the x and y components are both 6 / √2. Using

cos θ = x / r and sin θ = y / r,

The values of cos θ and sin θ.cos θ

 = 6 / √2 / 6

 = 1 / √2, and

sin θ = 6 / √2 / 6

       = 1 / √2.

Since cos θ = 1 / √2 and sin θ = 1 / √2, θ

                  = 45 degrees.

Tan θ = y / x

        = 1 / 1, so θ

        = tan⁻¹(1)

       = 45 degrees.

Therefore, the magnitude of vector V is 6, and its direction is northwesterly.

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The ball is in contact with the wall for 0.0948 s and 9.498 N is the magnitude of the average force exerted on the ball by the wall

The average force exerted on the ball by the wall when the ball is in contact with the wall for 0.0948 s is given by the change in momentum of the ball in the horizontal direction divided by the time of contact.

This can be expressed mathematically as:

[tex]F_{avg}[/tex] = Δp/Δt

Where Δp is the change in momentum and

Δt is the time of contact.

Let's assume that the ball is moving to the right with a velocity [tex]v_1[/tex] before it collides with the wall.

After the collision, it moves to the left with a velocity [tex]v_2[/tex].

Since the direction of the velocity has changed, the momentum of the ball has also changed.

Therefore, Δp = [tex]p_2 - p_1[/tex]

where [tex]p_1[/tex] and [tex]p_2[/tex] are the momenta of the ball before and after the collision, respectively.

Since the ball is moving in only one dimension, the momenta of the ball can be expressed as:

[tex]p_1 = mv_1[/tex]  and

[tex]p_2 = -mv_2[/tex]

where m is the mass of the ball.

Thus,

Δp = -m([tex]v_2 - v_1[/tex])

Therefore, the average force exerted on the ball by the wall is given by:

F_avg = Δp/Δt = -m([tex]v_2 - v_1[/tex])/Δt = -0.15(2 - 6)/0.0948 = - 9.498 N

The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the wall on the ball is in the opposite direction to the motion of the ball.

Therefore, the average force exerted on the ball by the wall when the ball is in contact with the wall for 0.0948 s is 9.498 N.

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The potential difference of the electron is 370V.

To determine the potential difference required to accelerate electrons to a speed of 1.2% of the speed of light, we can use the following equation:

v = √[(2qV)/m]

where:

v is the velocity of the electron

q is the charge of the electron

V is the potential difference

m is the mass of the electron

Since we are given the desired velocity of the electrons, we can rearrange the equation to solve for V:

V = (mv^2)/(2q)

We know the mass of an electron, which is approximately 9.11 × 10^-31 kg. We also know the charge of an electron, which is -1.6 × 10^-19 C.

So, plugging in the values, we get:

V = [(9.11 × 10^-31 kg) × (0.012c)^2] / (2 × -1.6 × 10^-19 C)

where "c" is the speed of light.

Simplifying and solving for V, we get:

V = 370 V

Therefore, electrons should be accelerated through a potential difference of 370 V so that their speed is 1.2% of the speed of light when they hit the target.

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